Dubbo（一）之简单应用

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-20 06:39:55 发布

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本文介绍了Dubbo的基本使用和项目搭建步骤，包括创建服务提供者、消费者模块，配置接口及依赖，设置服务的注册、发现、通信、容错和负载均衡。通过实例展示了如何在Spring Boot项目中集成Dubbo，并利用Nacos作为注册中心，实现远程调用。最后，启动服务并验证了Dubbo调用的成功。

为什么要用Dubbo

服务治理框架
服务的监控
服务的注册发现
服务的通信
服务的容错
服务的负载均衡

Dubbo架构图

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1. Dubbo的简单使用

构建两个项目（服务提供者、服务消费者）
构建一个公共的接口模块，两个项目都依赖此接口
maven中引入Dubbo包
配置dubbo配置文件（发布的ip和端口以及服务接口）
- 可以选择配置注册中心，或者选择不配置注册中心，直连
远程调用

2. Dubbo项目搭建

2.1 创建项目

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2.2 创建模块

先删除项目中多余的src文件夹

2.2.1 创建api模块

用maven模板创建
作为对外提供接口的模块
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2.2.2 创建provider模块

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2.2.3 创建consumer模块

步骤同上

创建完成后，项目结构如下
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2.3 调整项目

删除无用文件
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将consumer子模块pom文件中的一些公共管理模块放到父模块pom中

在父pom文件中添加模块
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在子模块中添加父模块

配置文件
provider项目中的application.properties

# 应用名称
spring.application.name=spring-cloud-dubbo-sample-provider

dubbo.scan.base-packages=com.xhc.springcloud.dubbo.springclouddubbosampleprovider.service

dubbo.protocol.port=20882
dubbo.protocol.name=dubbo

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=47.93.8.54:8848

consumer项目中的application.properties

# 应用名称
spring.application.name=spring-cloud-dubbo-sample-consumer
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=47.93.8.54:8848

provider的pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.xhc.springcloud.dubbo</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dubbo-example</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.xhc.springcloud.dubbo</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dubbo-sample-provider</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-cloud-dubbo-sample-provider</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.xhc.springcloud.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dubbo-sample-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>
                        com.xhc.springcloud.dubbo.springclouddubbosampleprovider.SpringCloudDubboSampleProviderApplication
                    </mainClass>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>repackage</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

consumer的pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.xhc.springcloud.dubbo</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dubbo-example</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.xhc.springcloud.dubbo</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dubbo-sample-consumer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-cloud-dubbo-sample-consumer</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.xhc.springcloud.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dubbo-sample-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>
                        com.xhc.springcloud.dubbo.springclouddubbosampleconsumer.SpringCloudDubboSampleConsumerApplication
                    </mainClass>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>repackage</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>