GeoProcessing --地理处理

地理处理是空间数据的处理,包括复杂的模型建立,如最佳选址和森林火扩散模型分析。ArcGIS的地理处理结合在产品框架中,提供直观的ArcToolbox和Model Builder,以及通过脚本和API进行自定义。在ArcGIS Desktop和ArcObjects中,地理处理可通过Python、JScript等执行,9.2引入的GeoProcessor简化了代码实现。地理处理的共享方式包括文件、数据库和Web Service,使得工具和服务更易于访问和使用。

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地理处理实际上是对空间数据的处理,也就是我们通常意义上所知道的空间分析。当然,地理处理不仅仅是我们常用所理解的空间分析那么简单功能,例如做一些缓冲区,做一些clipmerge操作了。ArcGIS的地理处理包括了所有的空间分析的结合,利用地理处理,我们能够做非常复杂的模型建立,例如我们做一个最佳选址分析,做一个森林火的扩散模型分析等,都需要用到大量的空间分析步骤和数据,这整个过程都可称为地理处理。
    实际上地理处理并不是一个新的概念。伴随GIS平台的开始,地理处理就已经存在了。ESRI的产品线发展过程中,地理处理一直在桌面产品中应用比较深入,开发组件从最早的MapObjects到后来的Engine,再到ArcGIS Server一开始并不能很好的运用地理处理的功能,我们需要一个地图分析工具,就需要读懂ArcObjects的模型,写许多的代码最终达到这个功能。ArcGIS9.2系列里,地理处理结合在这些AO
的产品框架体系当中,为我们带来了极大的方便。

    
下面主要从三个方面去了解GeoProcessing:

Although I’d taken a lot of programming classes in college, I never fully appreciated programming until I had a job that involved a lot of repetitive tasks. After amusing myself by automating much of that job, I decided to return to school and study biol- ogy, which is when I took my first GIS course. I was instantly in love, and managed to convince someone to give me a biology degree for writing an extension for ArcView GIS (a precursor to A rc GIS , for you Esri fans out there). After finishing that up, I went to work for the Remote Sensing/Geographic Information Systems Laboratory at Utah State University. One of my first projects involved some web mapping, and I soon became a big fan of the open source UMN M ap S erver software. That was my introduc- tion to open source geospatial software, including GDAL . I’m fairly certain that I didn’t appreciate the power of the GDAL/OGR library when I first learned about it, but I came to my senses once I started using it in my C++ and C# code. In the College of Natural Resources, there weren’t many people around who were interested in coding, but I did get to point people to the GDAL command-line utilities on a regular basis. But then Esri introduced Python as the scripting language of choice for A rc GIS , and things started to change. I don’t think I had used Python much before then, but playing with arcgisscripting (the original Esri Python module) made me realize how much I enjoyed working with Python, so naturally I had to start using GDAL with it as well. More importantly for this book, my coworker John Lowry suggested that we team- teach a Python-for- GIS class. He taught students how to use Python with A rc GIS , and I taught them about GDAL . The class turned out to be popular, so we taught it that way for another few years until John moved away. I took over the entire class and have been teaching it in various configurations ever since. I’ve never bothered to take the class material from the first two years off the web, however, which is how Manning found me. They asked if I would write a book on using GDAL with Python. I’d never had the desire to write a book, so it took a bit of persuasion to convince me to do it. In the end, it was my love for teaching that won me over. I’ve discovered over the years that I really enjoy teaching, mostly because I love watching students incorporate what they’re learning into the rest of their work. This is especially true of graduate students, some of whom might not have completed their research in a timely manner (or at all) if they hadn’t learned how to write code. I know that these skills will continue to assist them throughout their careers, and my hope is that this book will provide the same help to you, no matter if you’re a student, professional, or a hobbyist. This is fun stuff, and I hope you enjoy it as much as I do!
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