MongoDB usage best practices

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-12 09:55:02 发布

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本文提供关于MongoDB使用的最佳实践、驱动程序说明、连接模式、异常处理等关键信息，帮助开发者提高学习效率，避免常见错误，确保代码的清洁与可靠性。

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The project I'm working on uses MongoDB for some stuff so I'm creating some documents to help developers speedup the learning curve and also avoid mistakes and help them write clean & reliable code.

This is my first version of it, so I'm pretty sure I will be adding more stuff to it, so stay tuned!

C# Official driver notes

The 10gen official MongoDB driver should always be referenced in projects by using NUGET.Do not manually download and reference assemblies in any project.

C# driver quickstart guide:http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/CSharp+Driver+Quickstart

Reference links

C# Language Center: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/CSharp+Language+Center

MongoDB Server Documentation: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Home

MongoDB Server Downloads: http://www.mongodb.org/downloads

MongoDB client drivers download: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Drivers

MongoDB Community content:http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/CSharp+Community+Projects

Tutorials

Tutorial MongoDB con ASP.NET MVC - Ejemplo Práctico (Spanish):
http://geeks.ms/blogs/gperez/archive/2011/12/02/tutorial-mongodb-con-asp-net-mvc-ejemplo-pr-225-ctico.aspx
MongoDB and C#:
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/87757/MongoDB-and-C
C# driver LINQ tutorial:
http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/CSharp+Driver+LINQ+Tutorial
C# driver reference:
http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/CSharp+Driver+Tutorial

Safe Mode Connection

The C# driver supports two connection modes: safe and unsafe. Safe connection mode (only applies to methods that modify data in a database like Inserts, Deletes and Updates.

While the current driver defaults to unsafe mode (safeMode == false) it's recommended to always enable safe mode, and force unsafe mode on specific things we know aren't critical.

When safe mode is enabled, the driver internal code calls the MongoDB "getLastError" function to ensure the last operation is completed before returning control the the caller. For more information on using safe mode and their implicancies on performance and data reliability see: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/getLastError+Command

If safe mode is not enabled, all data modification calls to the database are executed asynchronously (fire & forget) without waiting for the result of the operation. This mode could be useful for creating / updating non-critical data like performance counters, usage logging and so on. It's important to know that not using safe mode implies that data loss can occur without any notification to the caller.

As with any wait operation, enabling safe mode also implies dealing with timeouts. For more information about C# driver safe mode configuration see:http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/CSharp+getLastError+and+SafeMode

The safe mode configuration can be specified at different levels:

Connection string: mongodb://hostname/?safe=true
Database: when obtaining a database instance using the server.GetDatabase(name, safeMode) method
Collection: when obtaining a collection instance using the database.GetCollection(name, safeMode) method
Operation: for example, when executing the collection.Insert(document, safeMode) method

Some useful SafeMode article: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4604868/mongodb-c-sharp-safemode-official-driver

Exception Handling

The driver ensures that an exception will be thrown in case of something going wrong, in case of using safe mode (as said above, when not using safe mode no exception will be thrown no matter what the outcome of the operation is).

As explained here https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!topic/mongodb-user/mS6jIq5FUiM there is no need to check for any returned value from a driver method inserting data. With updates the situation is similar to any other relational database: if an update command doesn't affect any records, the call will suceed anyway (no exception thrown) and you manually have to check for something like "records affected".

For MongoDB, an Update operation will return an instance of the "SafeModeResult" class, and you can verify the "DocumentsAffected" property to ensure the intended document was indeed updated.

Note: Please remember that an Update method might return a null instance instead of an "SafeModeResult" instance when safe mode is not enabled.