为编译安装的 httpd 服务，编写 service unit 文件

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CentOS 7 Apache部署深度解析：httpd、systemd与SELinux协同机制 Apache HTTP Server 是 Linux Web 服务的核心基础组件，其运行远不止于启动进程，而是深度耦合操作系统层能力。理解其在 CentOS 7 中的系统级集成逻辑——包括包名 `httpd` 的企业命名规范、`systemd` 对服务生命周期的精细化管控、`SELinux` 强制访问控制策略，以及 `firewalld` 区域化网络策略——是保障服务稳定、安全与可维护的关键。这些机制共同构成 RHEL/CentOS 生态中‘最小权限、分层防护、配置即契约’的运维哲学。本文聚焦真实生产场景，阅读详情

编译安装 httpd

# 安装相关工具
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gcc openssl-devel pcre-devel apr-devel apr-util-devel

# 下载安装包
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://downloads.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.43.tar.bz2

# 解压
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvf httpd-2.4.43.tar.bz2

# 安装
[root@localhost ~]# cd httpd-2.4.43
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.43]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-ssl --enable-so
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.43]# make && make install

# 启动服务
[root@localhost ~]# /apps/httpd24/bin/apachectl start

# 测试
[root@localhost ~]# curl 127.0.0.1
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>

# 启动服务（停止服务，否则后面用 systemctl 无法启动）
[root@localhost ~]# /apps/httpd24/bin/apachectl stop

创建 unit 文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service

# 填写以下内容
[Unit]
Description=Start httpd
[Service]
Type=simple
EnvironmentFile=/etc/httpd/httpd.conf
ExecStart=/apps/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start -DFOREGROUND
ExecReload=/apps/httpd24/bin/httpd -k graceful
ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID}
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# 重新加载 unit 文件
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload

# 启动服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd

# 查看状态
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - Start httpd
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-06-23 10:37:11 CST; 17min ago
 Main PID: 39492 (httpd)
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─39492 /apps/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start -DFOREGROUND
           ├─39493 /apps/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start -DFOREGROUND
           ├─39494 /apps/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start -DFOREGROUND
           └─39495 /apps/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start -DFOREGROUND

Jun 23 10:37:11 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Start httpd.


# 访问（运行正常）
[root@localhost ~]# curl 127.0.0.1
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>

# 停止服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop httpd

# 设置开机启动
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /etc/systemd/system/httpd.service.