本文详细介绍了如何在Proxmox环境下添加小于2T和大于2T的硬盘。首先，对于小于2T的硬盘，通过fdisk创建新的分区并格式化为XFS文件系统，然后挂载到/mnt/sdb1。对于大于2T的硬盘，需要先安装parted和e2fsprogs，转换分区表为GPT，使用parted创建主分区，再格式化为XFS，最后挂载。整个过程包括分区、格式化、挂载和更新fstab。
零 修订记录
| 序号 | 修订内容 | 修订时间 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 新增 | 20210908 |
| 2 | 增加大于2T | 20210908 |
| 3 | 基于web 系统扩容硬盘 | 20240729 |
一 摘要
本文主要介绍proxmox 宿主机添加硬盘，最早是先手工格式化硬盘，手工挂载硬盘，然后再到proxmox web 上添加，其实可以直接在proxmox web 上直接完成以上操作。
二 环境信息
root@gpu002:/etc/apt# cat /etc/debian_version
10.9
root@gpu002:/etc/apt# uname -a
Linux gpu002 5.4.106-1-pve #1 SMP PVE 5.4.106-1 (Fri, 19 Mar 2021 11:08:47 +0100) x86_64 GNU/Linux
root@gpu002:/etc/apt#
三 实施
（一）添加小于两T 的硬盘
3.1.1
root@testgpu:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1007K 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
└─sda3 8:3 0 222.6G 0 part
├─pve-swap 253:0 0 8G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─pve-root 253:1 0 55.5G 0 lvm /
├─pve-data_tmeta 253:2 0 1.4G 0 lvm
│ └─pve-data 253:4 0 140.2G 0 lvm
└─pve-data_tdata 253:3 0 140.2G 0 lvm
└─pve-data 253:4 0 140.2G 0 lvm
sdb 8:16 0 1.8T 0 disk
root@testgpu:~#
3.1.2
root@testgpu:~# fdisk -u /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.33.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 1.8 TiB, 1999844147200 bytes, 3905945600 sectors
Disk model: INSPUR
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 90A08D26-423A-4ED3-9F6E-B768CF08EFE0
Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1):
First sector (34-3905945566, default 2048):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-3905945566, default 3905945566):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 1.8 TiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 1.8 TiB, 1999844147200 bytes, 3905945600 sectors
Disk model: INSPUR
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 90A08D26-423A-4ED3-9F6E-B768CF08EFE0
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 3905945566 3905943519 1.8T Linux filesystem
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
root@testgpu:~#
mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdb1使用xfs 还是ext4 等，自己定。一个系统最好文件系统格式一致。
root@testgpu:~# mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=32, agsize=15257600 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=488242939, imaxpct=5
= sunit=64 swidth=64 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=238399, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
root@testgpu:~#
root@testgpu:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1007K 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
└─sda3 8:3 0 222.6G 0 part
├─pve-swap 253:0 0 8G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─pve-root 253:1 0 55.5G 0 lvm /
├─pve-data_tmeta 253:2 0 1.4G 0 lvm
│ └─pve-data 253:4 0 140.2G 0 lvm
└─pve-data_tdata 253:3 0 140.2G 0 lvm
└─pve-data 253:4 0 140.2G 0 lvm
sdb 8:16 0 1.8T 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 1.8T 0 part
root@testgpu:~# mkdir /mnt/sdb1
root@testgpu:~# echo `blkid /dev/sdb1 | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's/\"//g'` /mnt/sdb1 xfs defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstab
3.1.3
重启系统
然后去proxmox 管理端操作。
（二）添加大于2T 的硬盘
3.2.1 安装 parted e2fsprogs
root@gpu002:/etc/apt# apt-get install parted
root@gpu002:/etc/apt# apt-get install e2fsprogs
3.2.2 检查是否包含未挂载数据盘
root@gpu002:/etc/apt# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 3.7 TiB, 4000225165312 bytes, 7812939776 sectors
Disk model: INSPUR
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 223.1 GiB, 239511535616 bytes, 467795968 sectors
Disk model: INSPUR
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 8AA43297-648A-4644-99EE-09FE36CD8685
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 34 2047 2014 1007K BIOS boot
/dev/sda2 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System
/dev/sda3 1050624 467795934 466745311 222.6G Linux LVM
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Disk /dev/mapper/pve-swap: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/pve-root: 55.5 GiB, 59592671232 bytes, 116391936 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
3.2.3 使用Parted工具为数据盘进行分区
命令说明
parted /dev/vdb //运行以下命令开始分区
mklabel gpt //运行以下命令，将默认的MBR分区格式转为GPT分区格式
mkpart primary 1 100% //运行以下命令，划分一个主分区，并设置分区的开始位置和结束位置
align-check optimal 1 //运行以下命令，检查分区是否对齐。 该命令输出结果 1 aligned
截图说明
我的操作记录
root@gpu002:/etc/apt# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? yes
(parted) mkpart primary 1 100%
(parted) align-check optimal 1
1 aligned
(parted) print
Model: AVAGO INSPUR (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 4000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 4000GB 4000GB primary
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
root@gpu002:/etc/apt#
3.2.4 重读分区表
root@gpu002:/etc/apt# partprobe
root@gpu002:/etc/apt#
3.2.5 创建一个文件系统
root@gpu002:/etc/apt# mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=32, agsize=30519296 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=976616960, imaxpct=5
= sunit=64 swidth=64 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=476864, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
root@gpu002:/etc/apt#
root@gpu002:/etc/apt# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 126G 0 126G 0% /dev
tmpfs 26G 74M 26G 1% /run
/dev/mapper/pve-root 55G 20G 33G 37% /
tmpfs 126G 34M 126G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 126G 0 126G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 511M 312K 511M 1% /boot/efi
/dev/fuse 30M 16K 30M 1% /etc/pve
tmpfs 26G 0 26G 0% /run/user/0
root@gpu002:/etc/apt# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1007K 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
└─sda3 8:3 0 222.6G 0 part
├─pve-swap 253:0 0 8G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─pve-root 253:1 0 55.5G 0 lvm /
├─pve-data_tmeta 253:2 0 1.4G 0 lvm
│ └─pve-data 253:4 0 140.2G 0 lvm
└─pve-data_tdata 253:3 0 140.2G 0 lvm
└─pve-data 253:4 0 140.2G 0 lvm
sdb 8:16 0 3.7T 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 3.7T 0 part
3.3.6 挂载到/mnt/sdb1
root@gpu002:/mnt# mkdir /mnt/sdb1
root@gpu002:/mnt# cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak.orig
root@gpu002:/mnt# echo `blkid /dev/sdb1 | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's/\"//g'` /mnt/sdb1 xfs defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstab
root@gpu002:/mnt#
root@gpu002:/mnt# reboot
重启了系统后 到proxmox 管理端操作 参考3.1.3
（三）使用web 系统添加硬盘（推荐）
找到左边宿主机节点，然后找到磁盘，目录，最后点创建目录，选择合适的文件系统，点确认 及可以。下面是一个16T 的盘，添加截图。
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