根据雨量站点信息计算降雨等值面数据

根据雨量站点信息计算降雨等值面数据是常用的场景，比已知某地区所有雨量站的降雨信息，包括经纬度和降雨量，所有网格点的经纬度和计算得到的降雨量列表信息，按照降雨量从小到大分为三组，每组是一个降雨量区间，比如30-60之间是一组，每组网格点信息转化成geojson等值面数据，每组只有一个geometry，得到geojson数据。

需求分析：要计算一个区域的降雨等值面（即等值线），你可以使用克里金插值法或**IDW（Inverse Distance Weighting，反距离加权法）**等空间插值算法。由于克里金法实现较复杂，下面我们使用 IDW 算法 作为示例，借助已有的雨量站数据计算任意点的降雨量。下面我们开始分析：

1、为了计算一个区域内所有站点的降雨等值面，我们可以使用插值法，其中一种常用的方法是反距离加权插值法（Inverse Distance Weighting, IDW）。这种方法假设未知点的值与已知点的距离成反比。我们将使用这种方法来创建一个简单的等值面计算示例。

2、RainfallStation 类

表示一个雨量站，包含经纬度和降雨量信息。

class RainfallStation {
    double latitude;
    double longitude;
    double rainfall;

    public RainfallStation(double latitude, double longitude, double rainfall) {
        this.latitude = latitude;
        this.longitude = longitude;
        this.rainfall = rainfall;
    }
}

3、ContourCalculator 类

核心类，用于计算等值面。

• 构造函数接受雨量站的Map和网格大小。

• calculateBoundaries() 方法计算整个区域的边界。

• calculateContours() 方法计算整个网格的等值面。

• interpolateRainfall() 方法使用IDW方法计算任意点的降雨量。

• toMultiPolygonGeoJson 方法，用于将一组 ContourPoint 转换为 GeoJSON 格式的 MultiPolygon。

4、RainfallContourExample 类

1. 包含 main 方法，展示如何使用 ContourCalculator。

使用说明：

• 创建 RainfallStation 对象并将它们放入 Map 中。

• 创建 ContourCalculator 实例，传入站点Map和期望的网格大小。

• 调用 calculateContours() 方法获取等值面结果。

5、完整测试代码

 package com.example.demo.test.jydzm;
import java.util.*;

class RainfallStation {
    double latitude;
    double longitude;
    double rainfall;

    public RainfallStation(double latitude, double longitude, double rainfall) {
        this.latitude = latitude;
        this.longitude = longitude;
        this.rainfall = rainfall;
    }
}

class ContourPoint {
    double latitude;
    double longitude;
    double rainfall;

    public ContourPoint(double latitude, double longitude, double rainfall) {
        this.latitude = latitude;
        this.longitude = longitude;
        this.rainfall = rainfall;
    }
}

class ContourCalculator {
    private List<RainfallStation> stations;
    private double minLat, maxLat, minLon, maxLon;
    private int gridSize;

    public ContourCalculator(Map<String, RainfallStation> stationMap, int gridSize) {
        this.stations = new ArrayList<>(stationMap.values());
        this.gridSize = gridSize;
        calculateBoundaries();
    }

    private void calculateBoundaries() {
        minLat = minLon = Double.MAX_VALUE;
        maxLat = maxLon = Double.MIN_VALUE;
        for (RainfallStation station : stations) {
            minLat = Math.min(minLat, station.latitude);
            maxLat = Math.max(maxLat, station.latitude);
            minLon = Math.min(minLon, station.longitude);
            maxLon = Math.max(maxLon, station.longitude);
        }
    }

    public List<ContourPoint> calculateContours() {
        List<ContourPoint> contourPoints = new ArrayList<>();
        double latStep = (maxLat - minLat) / (gridSize - 1);
        double lonStep = (maxLon - minLon) / (gridSize - 1);

        for (int i = 0; i < gridSize; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < gridSize; j++) {
                double lat = minLat + i * latStep;
                double lon = minLon + j * lonStep;
                double rainfall = interpolateRainfall(lat, lon);
                contourPoints.add(new ContourPoint(lat, lon, rainfall));
            }
        }

        return contourPoints;
    }

    private double interpolateRainfall(double lat, double lon) {
        double weightedSum = 0;
        double weightSum = 0;

        for (RainfallStation station : stations) {
            double distance = calculateDistance(lat, lon, station.latitude, station.longitude);
            if (distance == 0) return station.rainfall;

            double weight = 1 / Math.pow(distance, 2);
            weightedSum += station.rainfall * weight;
            weightSum += weight;
        }

        return weightedSum / weightSum;
    }

    private double calculateDistance(double lat1, double lon1, double lat2, double lon2) {
        return Math.sqrt(Math.pow(lat1 - lat2, 2) + Math.pow(lon1 - lon2, 2));
    }
}

class GeoJsonConverter {
    // 将ContourPoint列表转换为GeoJSON格式的MultiPolygon
    public static String toMultiPolygonGeoJson(List<ContourPoint> points, double minRainfall, double maxRainfall) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("{\n");
        sb.append("  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n");
        sb.append("  \"features\": [\n");
        sb.append("    {\n");
        sb.append("      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n");
        sb.append("      \"properties\": {\n");
        sb.append("        \"minRainfall\": ").append(minRainfall).append(",\n");
        sb.append("        \"maxRainfall\": ").append(maxRainfall).append("\n");
        sb.append("      },\n");
        sb.append("      \"geometry\": {\n");
        sb.append("        \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n");
        sb.append("        \"coordinates\": [\n");

        // 生成两个示例多边形
        sb.append("          [\n");
        appendPolygon(sb, points.subList(0, Math.min(points.size(), 4)));
        sb.append("          ],\n");
        sb.append("          [\n");
        appendPolygon(sb, points.subList(Math.max(0, points.size() - 4), points.size()));
        sb.append("          ]\n");

        sb.append("        ]\n");
        sb.append("      }\n");
        sb.append("    }\n");
        sb.append("  ]\n");
        sb.append("}\n");

        return sb.toString();
    }

    private static void appendPolygon(StringBuilder sb, List<ContourPoint> points) {
        sb.append("            [\n");
        for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); i++) {
            ContourPoint point = points.get(i);
            sb.append("              [").append(point.longitude).append(", ").append(point.latitude).append("]");
            if (i < points.size() - 1) {
                sb.append(",");
            }
            sb.append("\n");
        }
        // 闭合多边形
        ContourPoint firstPoint = points.get(0);
        sb.append("              [").append(firstPoint.longitude).append(", ").append(firstPoint.latitude).append("]\n");
        sb.append("            ]\n");
    }
}

public class YDRainfallContourExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 示例使用
        Map<String, RainfallStation> stationMap = new HashMap<>();
        stationMap.put("站点1", new RainfallStation(31.22, 121.48, 50.5)); // 上海
        stationMap.put("站点2", new RainfallStation(39.90, 116.41, 30.2)); // 北京
        stationMap.put("站点3", new RainfallStation(22.54, 114.06, 80.7)); // 深圳
        stationMap.put("站点4", new RainfallStation(30.59, 114.31, 45.3)); // 武汉

        ContourCalculator calculator = new ContourCalculator(stationMap, 20);
        List<ContourPoint> contourPoints = calculator.calculateContours();

        // 定义降雨量区间
        double[] intervals = {0, 30, 60, Double.MAX_VALUE};

        // 按降雨量区间分组
        Map<Integer, List<ContourPoint>> groups = new HashMap<>();
        for (ContourPoint point : contourPoints) {
            for (int i = 0; i < intervals.length - 1; i++) {
                if (point.rainfall >= intervals[i] && point.rainfall < intervals[i + 1]) {
                    groups.computeIfAbsent(i, k -> new ArrayList<>()).add(point);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // 为每组生成GeoJSON
        for (Map.Entry<Integer, List<ContourPoint>> entry : groups.entrySet()) {
            int groupIndex = entry.getKey();
            List<ContourPoint> groupPoints = entry.getValue();
            double minRainfall = intervals[groupIndex];
            double maxRainfall = intervals[groupIndex + 1];

            String geoJson = GeoJsonConverter.toMultiPolygonGeoJson(groupPoints, minRainfall, maxRainfall);
            System.out.println("降雨量区间 " + minRainfall + " - " + maxRainfall + " 毫米 GeoJSON:");
            System.out.println(geoJson);
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

输出结果，部分：

"D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:E:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2024.1.4\lib\idea_rt.jar=58352:E:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2024.1.4\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\charsets.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\deploy.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;D:\Program 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;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\com\fasterxml\classmate\1.5.1\classmate-1.5.1.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.30\slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\org\springframework\plugin\spring-plugin-core\1.2.0.RELEASE\spring-plugin-core-1.2.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\org\springframework\plugin\spring-plugin-metadata\1.2.0.RELEASE\spring-plugin-metadata-1.2.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\org\mapstruct\mapstruct\1.1.0.Final\mapstruct-1.1.0.Final.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\io\springfox\springfox-swagger-ui\2.7.0\springfox-swagger-ui-2.7.0.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\org\projectlombok\lombok\1.18.12\lombok-1.18.12.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\org\apache\opennlp\opennlp-tools\1.9.3\opennlp-tools-1.9.3.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\com\baomidou\mybatis-plus-boot-starter\3.4.0\mybatis-plus-boot-starter-3.4.0.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\com\baomidou\mybatis-plus\3.4.0\mybatis-plus-3.4.0.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.3.2.RELEASE\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.2.RELEASE.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-jdbc\2.3.2.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-jdbc-2.3.2.RELEASE.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\com\zaxxer\HikariCP\3.4.5\HikariCP-3.4.5.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\org\springframework\spring-jdbc\5.2.8.RELEASE\spring-jdbc-5.2.8.RELEASE.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\org\springframework\spring-tx\5.2.8.RELEASE\spring-tx-5.2.8.RELEASE.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\com\baomidou\mybatis-plus-generator\3.4.0\mybatis-plus-generator-3.4.0.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\com\baomidou\mybatis-plus-extension\3.4.0\mybatis-plus-extension-3.4.0.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\com\baomidou\mybatis-plus-core\3.4.0\mybatis-plus-core-3.4.0.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\com\baomidou\mybatis-plus-annotation\3.4.0\mybatis-plus-annotation-3.4.0.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\com\github\jsqlparser\jsqlparser\3.2\jsqlparser-3.2.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\org\mybatis\generator\mybatis-generator-core\1.3.2\mybatis-generator-core-1.3.2.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\org\mybatis\spring\boot\mybatis-spring-boot-starter\2.1.4\mybatis-spring-boot-starter-2.1.4.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\org\mybatis\spring\boot\mybatis-spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.1.4\mybatis-spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.4.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\org\mybatis\mybatis\3.5.6\mybatis-3.5.6.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\org\mybatis\mybatis-spring\2.0.6\mybatis-spring-2.0.6.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\mysql\mysql-connector-java\8.0.28\mysql-connector-java-8.0.28.jar;D:\tools\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository\org\n52\matlab\matlab-control\5.0.0\matlab-control-5.0.0.jar" com.example.demo.test.jydzm.YDRainfallContourExample
降雨量区间 30.0 - 60.0 毫米 GeoJSON:
{
  "type": "FeatureCollection",
  "features": [
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "minRainfall": 30.0,
        "maxRainfall": 60.0
      },
      "geometry": {
        "type": "MultiPolygon",
        "coordinates": [
          [
            [
              [121.48, 23.453684210526315],
              [120.30842105263159, 24.367368421052632],
              [120.69894736842106, 24.367368421052632],
              [121.08947368421053, 24.367368421052632]
              [121.48, 23.453684210526315]
            ]
          ],
          [
            [
              [120.30842105263159, 39.9],
              [120.69894736842106, 39.9],
              [121.08947368421053, 39.9],
              [121.48, 39.9]
              [120.30842105263159, 39.9]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

6、注意事项：

• 这个实现使用简单的欧几里得距离。对于大范围的地理区域，可能需要使用更精确的距离计算方法（如Haversine公式）。

• 网格大小（gridSize）决定了输出的精度。更大的网格会提供更精细的结果，但也会增加计算时间。

• 这个实现假设所有站点的权重相等。在实际应用中，可能需要根据站点的可靠性或其他因素调整权重。

• 当前实现中，多边形的生成是简化的示例。在实际应用中，您需要实现更复杂的算法来生成真正的等值面多边形。

• 生成的 GeoJSON 数据结构现在符合 FeatureCollection 规范，包含一个 Feature，其中有一个 MultiPolygon 类型的 geometry。

• 降雨量区间的定义（0-30, 30-60, 60+）仍然是硬编码的。在实际应用中，您可能需要根据实际数据动态确定这些区间。

• 生成的 GeoJSON 数据可以被许多 GIS 软件和库（如 Leaflet、Mapbox 等）直接使用，用于可视化降雨等值面。

• 在实际应用中，可能需要根据实际情况调整插值方法或添加其他考虑因素（如地形）。

到此、根据雨量站点信息计算降雨等值面数据，下篇我们分析水文模型的原理和测试分析，敬请期待。