Linux I/O错误码

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本文详细介绍了Linux系统中的错误代码及其含义，从1号错误“操作不允许”到132号错误“由于RF-kill而无法操作”，涵盖了文件操作、内存管理、网络通信等多个方面。此外，还介绍了如何利用strerror和perror函数来获取和打印错误信息。

在程序出错时，我们通过全局变量错误号errno和perror函数能够很快的定位到错误原因。

Linux错误代码及其含义：

C Name Value Description 含义

错误定义	返回值	错误信息	错误描述
Success	0	Success	成功
EPERM	1	Operation not permitted	操作不允许
ENOENT	2	No such file or directory	没有这样的文件或目录
ESRCH	3	No such process	没有这样的过程
EINTR	4	Interrupted system call	系统调用被中断
EIO	5	I/O error	I/O错误
ENXIO	6	No such device or address	没有这样的设备或地址
E2BIG	7	Arg list too long	参数列表太长
ENOEXEC	8	Exec format error	执行格式错误
EBADF	9	Bad file number	坏的文件描述符
ECHILD	10	No child processes	没有子进程
EAGAIN	11	Try again	资源暂时不可用
ENOMEM	12	Out of memory	内存溢出
EACCES	13	Permission denied	拒绝许可
EFAULT	14	Bad address	错误的地址
ENOTBLK	15	Block device required	块设备请求
EBUSY	16	Device or resource busy	设备或资源忙
EEXIST	17	File exists	文件存在
EXDEV	18	Cross-device link	无效的交叉链接
ENODEV	19	No such device	设备不存在
ENOTDIR	20	Not a directory	不是一个目录
EISDIR	21	Is a directory	是一个目录
EINVAL	22	Invalid argument	无效的参数
ENFILE	32	File table overflow	打开太多的文件系统
EMFILE	24	Too many open files	打开的文件过多
ENOTTY	25	Not a tty device	不是tty设备
ETXTBSY	26	Text file busy	文本文件忙
EFBIG	27	File too large	文件太大
ENOSPC	28	No space left on device	设备上没有空间
ESPIPE	29	Illegal seek	非法移位
EROFS	30	Read-only file system	只读文件系统
EMLINK	31	Too many links	太多的链接
EPIPE	32	Broken pipe	管道破裂
EDOM	33	Math argument out of domain	数值结果超出范围
ERANGE	34	Math result not representable	数值结果不具代表性
EDEADLK	35	Resource deadlock would occur	资源死锁错误
ENAMETOOLONG	36	Filename too long	文件名太长
ENOLCK	37	No record locks available	没有可用锁
ENOSYS	38	Function not implemented	功能没有实现
ENOTEMPTY	39	Directory not empty	目录不空
ELOOP	40	Too many symbolic links encountered	符号链接层次太多
EWOULDBLOCK	41	Same as EAGAIN	和EAGAIN一样
ENOMSG	42	No message of desired type	没有期望类型的消息
EIDRM	43	Identifier removed	标识符删除
ECHRNG	44	Channel number out of range	频道数目超出范围
EL2NSYNC	45	Level 2 not synchronized	2级不同步
EL3HLT	46	Level 3 halted	3级中断
EL3RST	47	Level 3 reset	3级复位
ELNRNG	48	Link number out of range	链接数超出范围
EUNATCH	49	Protocol driver not attached	协议驱动程序没有连接
ENOCSI	50	No CSI structure available	没有可用CSI结构
EL2HLT	51	Level 2 halted	2级中断
EBADE	52	Invalid exchange	无效的交换
EBADR	53	Invalid request descriptor	请求描述符无效
EXFULL	54	Exchange full	交换全
ENOANO	55	No anode	没有阳极
EBADRQC	56	Invalid request code	无效的请求代码
EBADSLT	57	Invalid slot	无效的槽
EDEADLOCK	58	Same as EDEADLK	和EDEADLK一样
EBFONT	59	Bad font file format	错误的字体文件格式
ENOSTR	60	Device not a stream	设备不是字符流
ENODATA	61	No data available	无可用数据
ETIME	62	Timer expired	计时器过期
ENOSR	63	Out of streams resources	流资源溢出
ENONET	64	Machine is not on the network	机器不上网
ENOPKG	65	Package not installed	没有安装软件包
EREMOTE	66	Object is remote	对象是远程的
ENOLINK	67	Link has been severed	联系被切断
EADV	68	Advertise error	广告的错误
ESRMNT	69	Srmount error	srmount 错误
ECOMM	70	Communication error on send	发送时的通讯错误
EPROTO	71	Protocol error	协议错误
EMULTIHOP	72	Multihop attempted	多跳尝试
EDOTDOT	73	RFS specific error	RFS特定的错误
EBADMSG	74	Not a data message	非数据消息
EOVERFLOW	75	Value too large for defined data type	值太大,对于定义数据类型
ENOTUNIQ	76	Name not unique on network	名不是唯一的网络
EBADFD	77	File descriptor in bad state	文件描述符在坏状态
EREMCHG	78	Remote address changed	远程地址改变了
ELIBACC	79	Cannot access a needed shared library	无法访问必要的共享库
ELIBBAD	80	Accessing a corrupted shared library	访问损坏的共享库
ELIBSCN	81	A .lib section in an .out is corrupted	库段. out损坏
ELIBMAX	82	Linking in too many shared libraries	试图链接太多的共享库
ELIBEXEC	83	Cannot exec a shared library directly	不能直接执行一个共享库
EILSEQ	84	Illegal byte sequence	无效的或不完整的多字节或宽字符
ERESTART	85	Interrupted system call should be restarted	应该重新启动中断的系统调用
ESTRPIPE	86	Streams pipe error	流管错误
EUSERS	87	Too many users	用户太多
ENOTSOCK	88	Socket operation on non-socket	套接字操作在非套接字上
EDESTADDRREQ	89	Destination address required	需要目标地址
EMSGSIZE	90	Message too long	消息太长
EPROTOTYPE	91	Protocol wrong type for socket socket	协议类型错误
ENOPROTOOPT	92	Protocol not available	协议不可用
EPROTONOSUPPORT	93	Protocol not supported	不支持的协议
ESOCKTNOSUPPORT	94	Socket type not supported	套接字类型不受支持
EOPNOTSUPP	95	Operation not supported on transport	不支持的操作
EPFNOSUPPORT	96	Protocol family not supported	不支持的协议族
EAFNOSUPPORT	97	Address family not supported by protocol	协议不支持的地址
EADDRINUSE	98	Address already in use	地址已在使用
EADDRNOTAVAIL	99	Cannot assign requested address	无法分配请求的地址
ENETDOWN	100	Network is down	网络瘫痪
ENETUNREACH	101	Network is unreachable	网络不可达
ENETRESET	102	Network dropped	网络连接丢失
ECONNABORTED	103	Software caused connection	软件导致连接中断
ECONNRESET	104	Connection reset by	连接被重置
ENOBUFS	105	No buffer space available	没有可用的缓冲空间
EISCONN	106	Transport endpoint	传输端点已经连接
ENOTCONN	107	Transport endpoint	传输终点没有连接
ESHUTDOWN	108	Cannot send after transport	传输后无法发送
ETOOMANYREFS	109	Too many references	太多的参考
ETIMEDOUT	110	Connection timed	连接超时
ECONNREFUSED	111	Connection refused	拒绝连接
EHOSTDOWN	112	Host is down	主机已关闭
EHOSTUNREACH	113	No route to host	没有主机的路由
EALREADY	114	Operation already	已运行
EINPROGRESS	115	Operation now in	正在运行
ESTALE	116	Stale NFS file handle	陈旧的NFS文件句柄
EUCLEAN	117	Structure needs cleaning	结构需要清洗
ENOTNAM	118	Not a XENIX-named	不是XENIX命名的
ENAVAIL	119	No XENIX semaphores	没有XENIX信号量
EISNAM	120	Is a named type file	是一个命名的文件类型
EREMOTEIO	121	Remote I/O error	远程输入/输出错误
EDQUOT	122	Quota exceeded	超出磁盘配额
ENOMEDIUM	123	No medium found	没有磁盘被发现
EMEDIUMTYPE	124	Wrong medium type	错误的媒体类型
ECANCELED	125	Operation Canceled	取消操作
ENOKEY	126	Required key not available	所需键不可用
EKEYEXPIRED	127	Key has expired	关键已过期
EKEYREVOKED	128	Key has been revoked	关键被撤销
EKEYREJECTED	129	Key was rejected by service	关键被拒绝服务
EOWNERDEAD	130	Owner died	所有者死亡
ENOTRECOVERABLE	131	State not recoverable	状态不可恢复
ERFKILL	132	Operation not possible due to RF-kill	由于RF-kill而无法操作

二、错误处理函数

许多不同的函数库都在失败时设置全局变量errno的值来指明失败原因。值得注意的是函数报告出错后必须立刻检查errno变量，因为它有可能被下一个函数调用所覆盖。
有两个非常有用的函数可以用来报告出现的错误：

#include <string.>
char *strerror(int errnum);
该函数把错误代码映射为一个字符串，对错误类型进行说明。

#include <stdio.h>
void perror(const char *s);
该函数也把errno变量中报告的错误应为到一个字符串，并把它输出到标准错误输出流。
---------------------

查看错误代码errno是调试程序的一个重要方法。当linuc C api函数发生异常时,一般会将errno变量(需include errno.h)赋一个整数值,不同的值表示不同的含义,可以通过查看该值推测出错的原因。在实际编程中用这一招解决了不少原本看来莫名其妙的问题。比较麻烦的是每次都要去linux源代码里面查找错误代码的含义，现在把它贴出来，以后需要查时就来这里看了。

1-34号错误号是在内核源码的include/asm-generic/errno-base.h定义

35-132则是在include/asm-generic/errno.h中定义

剩下还有一些更大的错误号是留给内核级别的，如系统调用等，用户程序一般是看不见的这些号的，Ubuntu9.10中/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.31-21-generic/include/linux/errno.h

#ifndef _ASM_GENERIC_ERRNO_BASE_H

#define _ASM_GENERIC_ERRNO_BASE_H

#define EPERM 1 /＊ Operation not permitted ＊/

#define ENOENT 2 /＊ No such file or directory ＊/

#define ESRCH 3 /＊ No such process ＊/

#define EINTR 4 /＊ Interrupted system call ＊/

#define EIO 5 /＊ I/O error ＊/

#define ENXIO 6 /＊ No such device or address ＊/

#define E2BIG 7 /＊ Argument list too long ＊/

#define ENOEXEC 8 /＊ Exec format error ＊/

#define EBADF 9 /＊ Bad file number ＊/

#define ECHILD 10 /＊ No child processes ＊/

#define EAGAIN 11 /＊ Try again ＊/

#define ENOMEM 12 /＊ Out of memory ＊/

#define EACCES 13 /＊ Permission denied ＊/

#define EFAULT 14 /＊ Bad address ＊/

#define ENOTBLK 15 /＊ Block device required ＊/

#define EBUSY 16 /＊ Device or resource busy ＊/

#define EEXIST 17 /＊ File exists ＊/

#define EXDEV 18 /＊ Cross-device link ＊/

#define ENODEV 19 /＊ No such device ＊/

#define ENOTDIR 20 /＊ Not a directory ＊/

#define EISDIR 21 /＊ Is a directory ＊/

#define EINVAL 22 /＊ Invalid argument ＊/

#define ENFILE 23 /＊ File table overflow ＊/

#define EMFILE 24 /＊ Too many open files ＊/

#define ENOTTY 25 /＊ Not a typewriter ＊/

#define ETXTBSY 26 /＊ Text file busy ＊/

#define EFBIG 27 /＊ File too large ＊/

#define ENOSPC 28 /＊ No space left on device ＊/

#define ESPIPE 29 /＊ Illegal seek ＊/

#define EROFS 30 /＊ Read-only file system ＊/

#define EMLINK 31 /＊ Too many links ＊/

#define EPIPE 32 /＊ Broken pipe ＊/

#define EDOM 33 /＊ Math argument out of domain of func ＊/

#define ERANGE 34 /＊ Math result not representable ＊/

#endif

#include <asm-generic/errno-base.h>

#define EDEADLK 35 /＊ Resource deadlock would occur ＊/

#define ENAMETOOLONG 36 /＊ File name too long ＊/

#define ENOLCK 37 /＊ No record locks available ＊/

#define ENOSYS 38 /＊ Function not implemented ＊/

#define ENOTEMPTY 39 /＊ Directory not empty ＊/

#define ELOOP 40 /＊ Too many symbolic links encountered ＊/

#define EWOULDBLOCK EAGAIN /＊ Operation would block ＊/

#define ENOMSG 42 /＊ No message of desired type ＊/

#define EIDRM 43 /＊ Identifier removed ＊/

#define ECHRNG 44 /＊ Channel number out of range ＊/

#define EL2NSYNC 45 /＊ Level 2 not synchronized ＊/

#define EL3HLT 46 /＊ Level 3 halted ＊/

#define EL3RST 47 /＊ Level 3 reset ＊/

#define ELNRNG 48 /＊ Link number out of range ＊/

#define EUNATCH 49 /＊ Protocol driver not attached ＊/

#define ENOCSI 50 /＊ No CSI structure available ＊/

#define EL2HLT 51 /＊ Level 2 halted ＊/

#define EBADE 52 /＊ Invalid exchange ＊/

#define EBADR 53 /＊ Invalid request descriptor ＊/

#define EXFULL 54 /＊ Exchange full ＊/

#define ENOANO 55 /＊ No anode ＊/

#define EBADRQC 56 /＊ Invalid request code ＊/

#define EBADSLT 57 /＊ Invalid slot ＊/

#define EDEADLOCK EDEADLK

#define EBFONT 59 /＊ Bad font file format ＊/

#define ENOSTR 60 /＊ Device not a stream ＊/

#define ENODATA 61 /＊ No data available ＊/

#define ETIME 62 /＊ Timer expired ＊/

#define ENOSR 63 /＊ Out of streams resources ＊/

#define ENONET 64 /＊ Machine is not on the network ＊/

#define ENOPKG 65 /＊ Package not installed ＊/

#define EREMOTE 66 /＊ Object is remote ＊/

#define ENOLINK 67 /＊ Link has been severed ＊/

#define EADV 68 /＊ Advertise error ＊/

#define ESRMNT 69 /＊ Srmount error ＊/

#define ECOMM 70 /＊ Communication error on send ＊/

#define EPROTO 71 /＊ Protocol error ＊/

#define EMULTIHOP 72 /＊ Multihop attempted ＊/

#define EDOTDOT 73 /＊ RFS specific error ＊/

#define EBADMSG 74 /＊ Not a data message ＊/

#define EOVERFLOW 75 /＊ Value too large for defined data type ＊/

#define ENOTUNIQ 76 /＊ Name not unique on network ＊/

#define EBADFD 77 /＊ File descriptor in bad state ＊/

#define EREMCHG 78 /＊ Remote address changed ＊/

#define ELIBACC 79 /＊ Can not access a needed shared library ＊/

#define ELIBBAD 80 /＊ Accessing a corrupted shared library ＊/

#define ELIBSCN 81 /＊ .lib section in a.out corrupted ＊/

#define ELIBMAX 82 /＊ Attempting to link in too many shared libraries ＊/

#define ELIBEXEC 83 /＊ Cannot exec a shared library directly ＊/

#define EILSEQ 84 /＊ Illegal byte sequence ＊/

#define ERESTART 85 /＊ Interrupted system call should be restarted ＊/

#define ESTRPIPE 86 /＊ Streams pipe error ＊/

#define EUSERS 87 /＊ Too many users ＊/

#define ENOTSOCK 88 /＊ Socket operation on non-socket ＊/

#define EDESTADDRREQ 89 /＊ Destination address required ＊/

#define EMSGSIZE 90 /＊ Message too long ＊/

#define EPROTOTYPE 91 /＊ Protocol wrong type for socket ＊/

#define ENOPROTOOPT 92 /＊ Protocol not available ＊/

#define EPROTONOSUPPORT 93 /＊ Protocol not supported ＊/

#define ESOCKTNOSUPPORT 94 /＊ Socket type not supported ＊/

#define EOPNOTSUPP 95 /＊ Operation not supported on transport endpoint ＊/

#define EPFNOSUPPORT 96 /＊ Protocol family not supported ＊/

#define EAFNOSUPPORT 97 /＊ Address family not supported by protocol ＊/

#define EADDRINUSE 98 /＊ Address already in use ＊/

#define EADDRNOTAVAIL 99 /＊ Cannot assign requested address ＊/

#define ENETDOWN 100 /＊ Network is down ＊/

#define ENETUNREACH 101 /＊ Network is unreachable ＊/

#define ENETRESET 102 /＊ Network dropped connection because of reset ＊/

#define ECONNABORTED 103 /＊ Software caused connection abort ＊/

#define ECONNRESET 104 /＊ Connection reset by peer ＊/

#define ENOBUFS 105 /＊ No buffer space available ＊/

#define EISCONN 106 /＊ Transport endpoint is already connected ＊/

#define ENOTCONN 107 /＊ Transport endpoint is not connected ＊/

#define ESHUTDOWN 108 /＊ Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown ＊/

#define ETOOMANYREFS 109 /＊ Too many references: cannot splice ＊/

#define ETIMEDOUT 110 /＊ Connection timed out ＊/

#define ECONNREFUSED 111 /＊ Connection refused ＊/

#define EHOSTDOWN 112 /＊ Host is down ＊/

#define EHOSTUNREACH 113 /＊ No route to host ＊/

#define EALREADY 114 /＊ Operation already in progress ＊/

#define EINPROGRESS 115 /＊ Operation now in progress ＊/

#define ESTALE 116 /＊ Stale NFS file handle ＊/

#define EUCLEAN 117 /＊ Structure needs cleaning ＊/

#define ENOTNAM 118 /＊ Not a XENIX named type file ＊/

#define ENAVAIL 119 /＊ No XENIX semaphores available ＊/

#define EISNAM 120 /＊ Is a named type file ＊/

#define EREMOTEIO 121 /＊ Remote I/O error ＊/

#define EDQUOT 122 /＊ Quota exceeded ＊/

#define ENOMEDIUM 123 /＊ No medium found ＊/

#define EMEDIUMTYPE 124 /＊ Wrong medium type ＊/

#define ECANCELED 125 /＊ Operation Canceled ＊/

#define ENOKEY 126 /＊ Required key not available ＊/

#define EKEYEXPIRED 127 /＊ Key has expired ＊/

#define EKEYREVOKED 128 /＊ Key has been revoked ＊/

#define EKEYREJECTED 129 /＊ Key was rejected by service ＊/

/＊ for robust mutexes ＊/

#define EOWNERDEAD 130 /＊ Owner died ＊/

#define ENOTRECOVERABLE 131 /＊ State not recoverable ＊/

#define ERFKILL 132 /＊ Operation not possible due to RF-kill ＊/

#ifdef __KERNEL__

/＊

＊ These should never be seen by user programs. To return one of ERESTART＊

＊ codes, signal_pending() MUST be set. Note that ptrace can observe these

＊ at syscall exit tracing, but they will never be left for the debugged user

＊ process to see.

＊/

#define ERESTARTSYS 512

#define ERESTARTNOINTR 513

#define ERESTARTNOHAND 514 /＊ restart if no handler.. ＊/

#define ENOIOCTLCMD 515 /＊ No ioctl command ＊/

#define ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK 516 /＊ restart by calling sys_restart_syscall ＊/

/＊ Defined for the NFSv3 protocol ＊/

#define EBADHANDLE 521 /＊ Illegal NFS file handle ＊/

#define ENOTSYNC 522 /＊ Update synchronization mismatch ＊/

#define EBADCOOKIE 523 /＊ Cookie is stale ＊/

#define ENOTSUPP 524 /＊ Operation is not supported ＊/

#define ETOOSMALL 525 /＊ Buffer or request is too small ＊/

#define ESERVERFAULT 526 /＊ An untranslatable error occurred ＊/

#define EBADTYPE 527 /＊ Type not supported by server ＊/

#define EJUKEBOX 528 /＊ Request initiated, but will not complete before timeout ＊/

#define EIOCBQUEUED 529 /＊ iocb queued, will get completion event ＊/

#define EIOCBRETRY 530 /＊ iocb queued, will trigger a retry ＊/

#endif