一个比较好的expect脚本学习手册

http://xstarcd.github.io/wiki/shell/expect.html

expect - 自动交互脚本

目录

expect参数

• expect教程中文版
• expect中文手册
• expect说明

启用选项

• -c:执行脚本前先执行的命令，可多次使用。
• -d:debug模式，可以在运行时输出一些诊断信息，与在脚本开始处使用exp_internal 1相似。
• -D:启用交换调式器,可设一整数参数。
• -f:从文件读取命令，仅用于使用#!时。如果文件名为"-"，则从stdin读取(使用"./-"从文件名为-的文件读取)。
• -i:交互式输入命令，使用"exit"或"EOF"退出输入状态。
• --:标示选项结束(如果你需要传递与expect选项相似的参数给脚本时)，可放到#!行:#!/usr/bin/expect --。
• -v:显示expect版本信息。

常用命令

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# 命令行参数 # $argv，参数数组，使用[lindex $argv n]获取，$argv 0为脚本名字 # $argc，参数个数 set username [lindex $argv 1]  # 获取第1个参数 set passwd [lindex $argv 2]    # 获取第2个参数   set timeout 30 # 设置超时   # spawn是expect内部命令，开启ssh连接 spawn ssh -l username 192.168.1.1   # 判断上次输出结果里是否包含“password:”的字符串，如果有则立即返回，否则就等待一段时间(timeout)后返回 expect "password:"   # 发送内容ispass(密码、命令等) send "ispass\r"   # 发送内容给用户 send_user "$argv0 [lrange $argv 0 2]\n" send_user "It's OK\r" # 执行完成后保持交互状态，控制权交给控制台(手工操作)。否则会完成后会退出。 interact

命令介绍

• close:关闭当前进程的连接。
• debug:控制调试器。
• disconnect:断开进程连接(进程仍在后台运行)。
  • 定时读取密码、执行priv_prog

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    send_user "password?\ " expect_user -re "(.*)\n" for {} 1 {} {     if {[fork]!=0} {sleep 3600;continue}     disconnect     spawn priv_prog     expect Password:     send "$expect_out(1,string)\r"     . . .     exit }

• exit:退出expect。
• exp_continue [-continue_timer]:继续执行下面的匹配。
• exp_internal [-f file] value:

expect范例

• 自动telnet会话

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  #!/usr/bin/expect -f set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1个参数,作为IP set userid [lindex $argv 1 ]     # 接收第2个参数,作为userid set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码 set mycommand [lindex $argv 3 ]  # 接收第4个参数，作为命令 set timeout 10                   # 设置超时时间   # 向远程服务器请求打开一个telnet会话，并等待服务器询问用户名 spawn telnet $ip     expect "username:"     # 输入用户名，并等待服务器询问密码     send "$userid\r"     expect "password:"     # 输入密码，并等待键入需要运行的命令     send "$mypassword\r"     expect "%"     # 输入预先定好的密码，等待运行结果     send "$mycommand\r"     expect "%"     # 将运行结果存入到变量中，显示出来或者写到磁盘中     set results $expect_out(buffer)     # 退出telnet会话，等待服务器的退出提示EOF     send "exit\r"     expect eof

• 自动建立FTP会话

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  #!/usr/bin/expect -f set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1个参数,作为IP set userid [lindex $argv 1 ]     # 接收第2个参数,作为Userid set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码 set timeout 10                   # 设置超时时间   # 向远程服务器请求打开一个FTP会话，并等待服务器询问用户名 spawn ftp $ip     expect "username:"     # 输入用户名，并等待服务器询问密码     send "$userid\r"     expect "password:"     # 输入密码，并等待FTP提示符的出现     send "$mypassword\r"     expect "ftp>"     # 切换到二进制模式，并等待FTP提示符的出现     send "bin\r"     expect "ftp>"     # 关闭ftp的提示符     send "prompt\r"     expect "ftp>"     # 下载所有文件     send "mget *\r"     expect "ftp>"     # 退出此次ftp会话，并等待服务器的退出提示EOF     send "bye\r"     expect eof

• 自动登录ssh执行命令

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  #!/usr/bin/expect set IP     [lindex $argv 0] set USER   [lindex $argv 1] set PASSWD [lindex $argv 2] set CMD    [lindex $argv 3]   spawn ssh $USER@$IP $CMD expect {     "(yes/no)?" {         send "yes\r"         expect "password:"         send "$PASSWD\r"         }     "password:" {send "$PASSWD\r"}     "* to host" {exit 1}     } expect eof

• 自动登录ssh

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  #!/usr/bin/expect -f  set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1个参数,作为IP set username [lindex $argv 1 ]   # 接收第2个参数,作为username set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码 set timeout 10                   # 设置超时时间   spawn ssh $username@$ip       # 发送ssh请求 expect {                      # 返回信息匹配 "*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}  # 第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,继续  "*password:" { send "$mypassword\r" }    # 出现密码提示,发送密码  } interact        # 交互模式,用户会停留在远程服务器上面

• 批量登录ssh服务器执行操作范例，设定增量的for循环

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  #!/usr/bin/expect for {set i 10} {$i <= 12} {incr i} {     set timeout 30     set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]     spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user abc$i.com       expect_before "no)?" {     send "yes\r" }     sleep 1     expect "password*"     send "hello\r"     expect "*#"     send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r"     expect "*#"     send "echo\r" } exit

• 批量登录ssh并执行命令，foreach语法

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  #!/usr/bin/expect if {$argc!=2} {     send_user "usage: ./expect ssh_user password\n"     exit } foreach i {11 12} {     set timeout 30     set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]     set password [lindex $argv 1]     spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user root@xxx.yy.com     expect_before "no)?" {     send "yes\r" }     sleep 1       expect "Enter passphrase for key*"     send "password\r"     expect "*#"     send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r"     expect "*#"     send "echo\r" } exit

• 另一自动ssh范例，从命令行获取服务器IP，foreach语法，expect嵌套

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  #!/usr/bin/expect # 使用方法: script_name ip1 ip2 ip3 ...   set timeout 20 if {$argc < 1} {   puts "Usage: script IPs"   exit 1 } # 替换你自己的用户名 set user "username" #替换你自己的登录密码 set password "yourpassword"   foreach IP $argv { spawn ssh $user@$IP   expect \   "(yes/no)?" {     send "yes\r"     expect "password:?" {       send "$password\r"     }   } "password:?" {     send "$password\r" }   expect "\$?" # 替换你要执行的命令 send "last\r" expect "\$?" sleep 10 send "exit\r" expect eof }

• 批量ssh执行命令，用shell调用tclsh方式、多进程同时执行
  • tclsh - Simple shell containing Tcl interpreter

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    #!/bin/sh # -*- tcl -*- \ exec tclsh $0 "$@" package require Expect set username [lindex $argv 0] set password [lindex $argv 1] set argv [lrange $argv 2 end] set prompt "(%|#|\\$) $" foreach ip $argv {     spawn ssh -t $username@$ip sh     lappend ids $spawn_id } expect_before -i ids eof {     set index [lsearch $ids $expect_out(spawn_id)]     set ids [lreplace $ids $index $index]     if [llength $ids] exp_continue } expect -i ids "(yes/no)\\?" {     send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) yes\r     exp_continue } -i ids "Enter passphrase for key" {     send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) \r     exp_continue } -i ids "assword:" {     send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) $password\r     exp_continue } -i ids -re $prompt {     set spawn_id $expect_out(spawn_id)     send "echo hello; exit\r"     exp_continue } timeout {     exit 1 }

• ssh登录过程常规提示文字

  The authenticity of host '192.168.17.35 (192.168.17.35)' can't be established.
  RSA key fingerprint is 25:e8:4c:89:a3:b2:06:ee:de:66:c7:7e:1b:fa:1c:c5.
  Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
  
  
  Warning: Permanently added '192.168.17.35' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
  Enter passphrase for key '/data/key/my_dsa':
  
  
  Last login: Sun Jan 26 13:39:37 2014 from 192.168.11.143
  [root@master003 ~]#
  
  
  root@192.168.16.90's password:
  
  
  Last login: Thu Jan 23 17:50:43 2014 from 192.168.11.102
  [root@lvsmaster ~]#
  

• ssh自动登录expect脚本:ssh.expect

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  #!/usr/bin/expect -f # Auther:YuanXing # Update:2014-02-08 if {$argc < 4} {     send_user "Usage:\n  $argv0 IPaddr User Passwd Port Passphrase\n"     puts stderr "argv error!\n"     sleep 1     exit 1 }   set ip         [lindex $argv 0 ] set user       [lindex $argv 1 ] set passwd     [lindex $argv 2 ] set port       [lindex $argv 3 ] set passphrase [lindex $argv 4 ] set timeout 6 if {$port == ""} {     set port 22 } #send_user "IP:$ip,User:$user,Passwd:$passwd,Port:$port,Passphrase:$passphrase" spawn ssh -p $port $user@$ip   expect_before "(yes/no)\\?" {     send "yes\r"}   expect \ "Enter passphrase for key*" {     send "$passphrase\r"     exp_continue } " password:?" {     send "$passwd\r"     exp_continue } "*\[#\\\$]" {     interact } "* to host" {     send_user "Connect faild!"     exit 2 } timeout {     send_user "Connect timeout!"     exit 2 } eof {     send_user "Lost connect!"     exit }

• Mikrotik backup script using ssh and expect
  • http://www.pmoghadam.com/homepage/HTML/mikrotik-backup-script-ssh-expect.html

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    #!/bin/bash # BY: Pejman Moghadam # TAG: mikrotik, ssh, expect, lftp # DATE: 2012-05-27 14:42:14   BACKUP_DIR="/var/backups" HOSTNAME="192.168.88.1" PORT="22" USER="admin" PASS="123456" TMP=$(mktemp) TODAY=$(date +%F) FILENAME="$HOSTNAME-$TODAY" PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"   # create expect script cat > $TMP << EOF #exp_internal 1 # Uncomment for debug set timeout -1 spawn ssh -p$PORT $USER@$HOSTNAME match_max 100000 expect -exact "password:" send -- "$PASS\r" sleep 1 expect " > " send -- "/export file=$FILENAME\r" expect " > " send -- "/system backup save name=$FILENAME\r" expect " > " send -- "quit\r" expect eof EOF   # run expect script #cat $TMP # Uncomment for debug expect -f $TMP   # remove expect script rm $TMP   # download and remove backup files # "xfer:clobber on" means overwrite existing files cd ${BACKUP_DIR} echo "   set xfer:clobber on   get ${FILENAME}.rsc   rm ${FILENAME}.rsc   get ${FILENAME}.backup   rm ${FILENAME}.backup" | lftp -u $USER,$PASS $HOSTNAME