2012年，IBM和微软的Pinocchio项目使零知识证明的计算需求降低20倍，验证需求降低超50倍，可用于双方交易时隐藏数据，有实际应用价值。其应用场景包括安全私密的在线投票、增强交易所隐私等。
摘自 https://blog.decentriq.ch/evolution-of-cryptography/
In 2012 Project Pinocchio from IBM and Microsoft found a way to reduce the computing needs of a zero-knowledge proof by 20x and for zero-knowledge verification by more than 50x, making it efficient enough for practical uses. It now can be used to hide the data between two parties and still allow them to transact, not only theoretically, but fast enough to have private and commercial applications. This breakthrough opened new possibilities to businesses and researchers, who started wondering what other applications are within reach and what other technological possibilities exist.
主要的应用场景：
1. Secure and private online voting
2. Augmented privacy for exchanges, enabling them to not have to reveal their whole order book
3. A bulletproof way for anyone to provide a proof of cryptographic assets without ever revealing the funds available in one’s account
4. A marketplace for alternative data providers and buyers that enables the business to try the data before deciding to buy it, while keeping the data hidden
5. Making possible a demonstration of the predictive power of a model on new data without disclosing the model or the data
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