python中mock的使用

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-11 14:51:15 发布

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#mock #nose #单元测试

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本文介绍了可单独使用mock进行单元测试，而非仅与unittest结合。作者主要在nose框架下使用mock，阐述了mock的四个主要函数及四个assert方法，并给出相关代码示例，还提供了mock详细资料的参考文献。

查了很多资料，很多资料都是把mock跟unittest结合在一起讲的，unittest本身是有一定难度的，其实我们完全可以单独使用mock的。参考文献1中把mock讲的很详细，只要静下心来看，必定收获很多，感谢译者的辛勤付出！参考文献2中有个pdf文档，是最详细的官方文档，大概100页，也很不错，没有深入读了，以后用到了再在这篇博客里更新。

我现在主要是在nose框架下使用的mock，mock主要有name，return_value,side_effect,和spec四个函数，其中的意义都看下面的文档吧。

四个主要的assert方法：

assert_called_with 是否调用了这个函数

assert_called_once_with 是否只调用了一次这个函数

assert_has_calls 查看方法调用的顺序

assert_any_calls 是否调用了这个函数，前两个函数只能判断离它们最近的一次调用，这个是全局的。

参见代码：

from mock import Mock, call

class Order(object):
    # instance properties
    _orderItem = "None"
    _orderAmount = 0
    _orderFilled = -1
     
    # Constructor
    def __init__(self, argItem, argAmount):
        print "Order:__init__"
         
        # set the order item
        if (isinstance(argItem, str)):
            if (len(argItem) > 0):
                self._orderItem = argItem
         
        # set the order amount
        if (argAmount > 0):
            self._orderAmount = argAmount
         
    # Magic methods
    def __repr__(self):
       # assemble the dictionary
        locOrder = {'item':self._orderItem, 'amount':self._orderAmount}
        return repr(locOrder)
     
    # Instance methods
    # attempt to fill the order
    def fill(self, argSrc):
        print "Order:fill_"
         
        try:
            # does the warehouse has the item in stock?
            if (argSrc is not None):
                if (argSrc.hasInventory(self._orderItem)):
                    # get the item
                    locCount =    argSrc.getInventory(self._orderItem, self._orderAmount)
                 
                    # update the following property
                    self._orderFilled = locCount
                else:
                    print "Inventory item not available"
            else:
                print "Warehouse not available"
        except TypeError:
            print "Invalid warehouse"
     
    # check if the order has been filled
    def isFilled(self):
        print "Order:isFilled_"
        return (self._orderAmount == self._orderFilled)
    
class Warehouse(object):    
    # private properties
    _houseName = None
    _houseList = None
         
    # accessors
    def warehouseName(self):
        return (self._houseName)
     
    def inventory(self):
        return (self._houseList)
     
     
    # -- INVENTORY ACTIONS
    # set up the warehouse
    def setup(self, argName, argList):
        pass
     
    # check for an inventory item
    def hasInventory(self, argItem):
        pass
     
    # retrieve an inventory item
    def getInventory(self, argItem, argCount):
        pass
         
    # add an inventory item
    def addInventory(self, argItem, argCount):
        pass


 
class Test_Order(object):
    # preparing to test
    # objective: creating an order

    def test_orderCheck(self):
        """Test routine C"""
        # creating a test order
        testOrder = Order("mushrooms", 10)
        print repr(testOrder)
         
        fooSource = Mock(spec = Warehouse)
        fooSource.hasInventory.return_value = True
        fooSource.getInventory.return_value = 0
        # perform the test
        assert fooSource != None
        testOrder.fill(fooSource)
         
        # perform the checks
        assert testOrder.isFilled() == False
        assert testOrder._orderFilled == 0
         
        fooSource.hasInventory.assert_called_once_with("mushrooms")
        print fooSource.mock_calls

参考文献：1.http://www.oschina.net/translate/unit-testing-with-the-python-mock-class

2.https://pypi.python.org/pypi/mock