httpclient的使用

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-25 11:25:55 发布

慕思m

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-25 11:25:55 发布

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分类专栏： Java 文章标签： httpclient http

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HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目，可以用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和协议。
官方站点：http://hc.apache.org/
最新版本4.5 http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-4.5.x/
官方文档： http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-4.5.x/tutorial/html/index.html
1 依赖jar包

	<dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
      <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
      <version>4.5.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
      <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
      <version>4.4.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
      <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
      <version>4.5.3</version>
    </dependency>

2 程序配置

import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.LayeredConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

/**
 * org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient链接池生成工具
 * @reference http://www.cnblogs.com/whatlonelytear/articles/4835538.html
 * @author King
 * @date 20170601
 */
public class HttpClientConfig {

    // org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient
    private static CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;

    // 这里就直接默认固定了,因为以下三个参数在新建的method中仍然可以重新配置并被覆盖.
    static final int connectionRequestTimeout = 5000;// ms毫秒,从池中获取链接超时时间
    static final int connectTimeout = 5000;// ms毫秒,建立链接超时时间
    static final int socketTimeout = 30000;// ms毫秒,读取超时时间

    // 总配置,主要涉及是以下两个参数,如果要作调整没有用到properties会比较后麻烦,但鉴于一经粘贴,随处可用的特点,就不再做依赖性配置化处理了.
    // 而且这个参数同一家公司基本不会变动.
    static final int maxTotal = 500;// 最大总并发,很重要的参数
    static final int maxPerRoute = 100;// 每路并发,很重要的参数

    // 正常情况这里应该配成MAP或LIST
    // 细化配置参数,用来对每路参数做精细化处理,可以管控各ip的流量,比如默认配置请求baidu:80端口最大100个并发链接,
    static final String detailHostName = "http://www.baidu.com";// 每个细化配置之ip(不重要,在特殊场景很有用)
    static final int detailPort = 80;// 每个细化配置之port(不重要,在特殊场景很有用)
    static final int detailMaxPerRoute = 100;// 每个细化配置之最大并发数(不重要,在特殊场景很有用)

    public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {
        if (null == httpclient) {
            synchronized (HttpClientConfig.class) {
                if (null == httpclient) {
                    httpclient = init();
                }
            }
        }
        return httpclient;
    }

    /**
     * 链接池初始化 这里最重要的一点理解就是. 让CloseableHttpClient 一直活在池的世界里, 但是HttpPost却一直用完就消掉.
     * 这样可以让链接一直保持着.
     *
     * @return
     */
    private static CloseableHttpClient init() {
        CloseableHttpClient newHttpclient = null;

        // 设置连接池
        ConnectionSocketFactory plainsf = PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
        LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
        Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create().register("http", plainsf).register("https", sslsf).build();
        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
        // 将最大连接数增加
        cm.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);
        // 将每个路由基础的连接增加
        cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(maxPerRoute);

        // 细化配置开始,其实这里用Map或List的for循环来配置每个链接,在特殊场景很有用.
        // 将每个路由基础的连接做特殊化配置,一般用不着
        HttpHost httpHost = new HttpHost(detailHostName, detailPort);
        // 将目标主机的最大连接数增加
        cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost), detailMaxPerRoute);
        // cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost2),
        // detailMaxPerRoute2);//可以有细化配置2
        // cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost3),
        // detailMaxPerRoute3);//可以有细化配置3
        // 细化配置结束

        // 请求重试处理
        HttpRequestRetryHandler httpRequestRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() {
            public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception, int executionCount, HttpContext context) {
                if (executionCount >= 2) {// 如果已经重试了2次，就放弃
                    return false;
                }
                if (exception instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {// 如果服务器丢掉了连接，那么就重试
                    return true;
                }
                if (exception instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {// 不要重试SSL握手异常
                    return false;
                }
                if (exception instanceof InterruptedIOException) {// 超时
                    return false;
                }
                if (exception instanceof UnknownHostException) {// 目标服务器不可达
                    return false;
                }
                if (exception instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) {// 连接被拒绝
                    return false;
                }
                if (exception instanceof SSLException) {// SSL握手异常
                    return false;
                }

                HttpClientContext clientContext = HttpClientContext.adapt(context);
                HttpRequest request = clientContext.getRequest();
                // 如果请求是幂等的，就再次尝试
                if (!(request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)) {
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            }
        };

        // 配置请求的超时设置
        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout).setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout).setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout).build();
        newHttpclient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).setRetryHandler(httpRequestRetryHandler).build();
        return newHttpclient;
    }
}

3 工具类

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

public class HttpClientUtil {

    public static CloseableHttpClient getConnection() {
         // 默认的Http客户端连接
        // CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        // 从连接池中获取
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientConfig.getHttpClient();
        return httpClient;
    }

    public static CloseableHttpResponse getOrPostRequest(Map<String, String> map, String url, String method) throws IOException {
        List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : entrySet) {
            String name = e.getKey();
            String value = e.getValue();
            NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(name, value);
            params.add(pair);
        }
        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "UTF-8");
        HttpUriRequest reqMethod = null;
        if ("post".equals(method)) {
            reqMethod = RequestBuilder.post().setUri(url)
                    .setEntity(uefEntity)
                    .build();
        } else if ("get".equals(method)) {
            reqMethod = RequestBuilder.get().setUri(url)
                    .setEntity(uefEntity)
                    .build();
        }
        CloseableHttpClient client = getConnection();
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(reqMethod);
        response.close();
        client.close();
        return response;
    }

    public static CloseableHttpResponse soapRequest(String url,String sRequest) throws IOException {
        StringBuffer soapRequestData = new StringBuffer();
        soapRequestData.append("<soapenv:Envelope");
        soapRequestData.append("  xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" ");
        soapRequestData.append("  xmlns:prov=\"http://provider.webservice.zsins.dtt.com/\">");
        soapRequestData.append(" <soapenv:Header/> ");
        soapRequestData.append("<soapenv:Body>");
        soapRequestData.append("<prov:executePrvPricing>");
        soapRequestData.append("<arg0>");
        soapRequestData.append("<![CDATA[" + sRequest + "]]>");
        soapRequestData.append("</arg0>");
        soapRequestData.append("</prov:executePrvPricing>");
        soapRequestData.append(" </soapenv:Body>");
        soapRequestData.append("</soapenv:Envelope>");

        CloseableHttpClient client = getConnection();
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);
        StringEntity content =new StringEntity(soapRequestData.toString(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"));// 第二个参数，设置后才会对，内容进行编码
        content.setContentType("application/soap+xml; charset=UTF-8");
        content.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
        httppost.setEntity(content);
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httppost);
        response.close();
        client.close();
        return response;
    }

    public static CloseableHttpResponse uploadRequest(String url,String filePath) throws IOException {
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);
        FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File(filePath));
        StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
        HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();
        httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
        CloseableHttpClient client = getConnection();
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httppost);
        response.close();
        client.close();
        return response;
    }

    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map.put("account", "");
        map.put("password", "");
        CloseableHttpResponse response = getOrPostRequest(map, "http://cnivi.com.cn/login", "post");
        if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String message = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
            System.out.println(message);
        } else {
            System.out.println("请求失败");
        }
    }
}

文章来源:
https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/zhuwukai/article/details/78644484