昨天写了一篇短文 描述了淘宝面试的一些题。
今天下午 装了在ubuntu中装了 memcached ,装起来还是很简单的。
主要是装一下。
- memcached: wget http://memcached.googlecode.com/files/memcached-1.4.4.tar.gz /data/
- libevent:wget http://monkey.org/~provos/libevent-1.4.13-stable.tar.gz /
自己分配了一个端口。那么我想还是从最简单的memcached --
java memcached client源码,总的代码量还是很少的
主要是如下两个类:
MemcachedClient.java
SockIOPool.java
好 先看推荐的测试代码:
- /**
- * Copyright (c) 2008 Greg Whalin
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the BSD license
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be
- * useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- * warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
- * PURPOSE.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the BSD License along with this
- * library.
- *
- * @author greg whalin <greg@meetup.com>
- */
- package com.meetup.memcached.test;
- import com.meetup.memcached.*;
- import org.apache.log4j.*;
- public class TestMemcached {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // memcached should be running on port 11211 but NOT on 11212
- BasicConfigurator.configure();
- String[] servers = { "localhost:11211"};
- SockIOPool pool = SockIOPool.getInstance();
- pool.setServers( servers );
- pool.setFailover( true );
- pool.setInitConn( 10 );
- pool.setMinConn( 5 );
- pool.setMaxConn( 250 );
- pool.setMaintSleep( 30 );
- //这是开启一个nagle 算法。改算法避免网络中充塞小封包,提高网络的利用率
- pool.setNagle( false );
- pool.setSocketTO( 3000 );
- pool.setAliveCheck( true );
- pool.initialize();
- MemcachedClient mcc = new MemcachedClient();
- // turn off most memcached client logging:
- com.meetup.memcached.Logger.getLogger( MemcachedClient.class.getName() ).setLevel( com.meetup.memcached.Logger.LEVEL_WARN );
- for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) {
- boolean success = mcc.set( "" + i, "Hello!" );
- String result = (String)mcc.get( "" + i );
- System.out.println( String.format( "set( %d ): %s", i, success ) );
- System.out.println( String.format( "get( %d ): %s", i, result ) );
- }
- }
其实 对于我来说 我很想明白的是连接池是如何配置的,关键在于 pool.initialize(); 这个方法如何初始化的。
- /**
- * Initializes the pool.
- */
- public void initialize() {
- synchronized( this ) {
- // check to see if already initialized
- if ( initialized
- && ( buckets != null || consistentBuckets != null )
- && ( availPool != null )
- && ( busyPool != null ) ) {
- log.error( "++++ trying to initialize an already initialized pool" );
- return;
- }
- // pools
- availPool = new HashMap<String,Map<SockIO,Long>>( servers.length * initConn );
- busyPool = new HashMap<String,Map<SockIO,Long>>( servers.length * initConn );
- deadPool = new IdentityHashMap<SockIO,Integer>();
- hostDeadDur = new HashMap<String,Long>();
- hostDead = new HashMap<String,Date>();
- maxCreate = (poolMultiplier > minConn) ? minConn : minConn / poolMultiplier; // only create up to maxCreate connections at once
- if ( log.isDebugEnabled() ) {
- log.debug( "++++ initializing pool with following settings:" );
- log.debug( "++++ initial size: " + initConn );
- log.debug( "++++ min spare : " + minConn );
- log.debug( "++++ max spare : " + maxConn );
- }
- // if servers is not set, or it empty, then
- // throw a runtime exception
- if ( servers == null || servers.length <= 0 ) {
- log.error( "++++ trying to initialize with no servers" );
- throw new IllegalStateException( "++++ trying to initialize with no servers" );
- }
- // initalize our internal hashing structures
- if ( this.hashingAlg == CONSISTENT_HASH )
- populateConsistentBuckets();
- else
- populateBuckets();
- // mark pool as initialized
- this.initialized = true;
- // start maint thread
- if ( this.maintSleep > 0 )
- this.startMaintThread();
- }
- }
如上代码流程如下:
1 检测是否已经被初始化
2 定义可用链接 ,繁忙链接池
3 判断是否一致性hash算法 还是普通的算法
4 定义一个后台线程 ,来维护
好 ,首先来分析下一致性hash算法。
从如下代码来分析 :
- if (
- this.hashingAlg == CONSISTENT_HASH )
- populateConsistentBuckets();
- /** 将server添加到一致性hash的2的32次 圆环 **/
- private void populateConsistentBuckets() {
- if ( log.isDebugEnabled() )
- log.debug( "++++ initializing internal hashing structure for consistent hashing" );
- // store buckets in tree map
- this.consistentBuckets = new TreeMap<Long,String>();
- MessageDigest md5 = MD5.get();
- //得到总的权重
- if ( this.totalWeight <= 0 && this.weights != null ) {
- for ( int i = 0; i < this.weights.length; i++ )
- this.totalWeight += ( this.weights[i] == null ) ? 1 : this.weights[i];
- }
- else if ( this.weights == null ) {
- this.totalWeight = this.servers.length;
- }
- for ( int i = 0; i < servers.length; i++ ) {
- //每台服务器的权重
- int thisWeight = 1;
- if ( this.weights != null && this.weights[i] != null ) {
- thisWeight = this.weights[i];
- }
- //有兴趣的朋友可以参考平衡Hash 算法的另一个指标是平衡性 (Balance) ,定义如下: 平衡性 平衡性是指哈希的结果能够尽可能分布到所有的缓冲中去,这样可以使得所有的缓冲空间都得到利用
- //了解决这种情况, consistent hashing 引入了“虚拟节点”的概念,它可以如下定义: “虚拟节点”( virtual node )是实际节点在 hash 空间的复制品( replica ),一实际个节点对应了若干个“虚拟节点”,这个对应个数也成为“复制个数”,“虚拟节点”在 hash 空间中以 hash 值排列。
- double factor = Math.floor(((double)(40 * this.servers.length * thisWeight)) / (double)this.totalWeight);
- for ( long j = 0; j < factor; j++ ) { //加密规则类似 127.0.0.1_1
- byte[] d = md5.digest( ( servers[i] + "-" + j ).getBytes() ); //转化成16位的字节数组
- //16位二进制数组每4位为一组,每组第4个值左移24位,第三个值左移16位,第二个值左移8位,第一个值不移位。进行或运算,得到一个小于2的32 次方的long值
- for ( int h = 0 ; h < 4; h++ ) { //因为是16位
- Long k = //实际上每个字节进行了运算
- ((long)(d[3+h*4]&0xFF) << 24)
- | ((long)(d[2+h*4]&0xFF) << 16)
- | ((long)(d[1+h*4]&0xFF) << 8)
- | ((long)(d[0+h*4]&0xFF));
- consistentBuckets.put( k, servers[i] );
- if ( log.isDebugEnabled() )
- log.debug( "++++ added " + servers[i] + " to server bucket" );
- }
- }
- // create initial connections
- if ( log.isDebugEnabled() )
- log.debug( "+++ creating initial connections (" + initConn + ") for host: " + servers[i] );
- //创建链接
- for ( int j = 0; j < initConn; j++ ) {
- SockIO socket = createSocket( servers[i] );
- if ( socket == null ) {
- log.error( "++++ failed to create connection to: " + servers[i] + " -- only " + j + " created." );
- break;
- }
- //加入socket到连接池 这里慢慢谈
- addSocketToPool( availPool, servers[i], socket );
- if ( log.isDebugEnabled() )
- log.debug( "++++ created and added socket: " + socket.toString() + " for host " + servers[i] );
- }
- }
- }
好 比如说 我们调用了 如下代码:
- MemcachedClient mcc = new MemcachedClient();
- mcc.set("6", 1);
这里key 如何定位到一台server呢?我先把一致性hash算法的定位方法说下。
- //得到定位server的Socket封装对象
- SockIOPool.SockIO sock = pool.getSock( key, hashCode );
- //计算出key对应的hash值(md5) ,然后
- long bucket = getBucket( key, hashCode );
- //得到大于hash的map,因为treemap已经排好序了。调用tailMap可以得到大于等于这个hash的对象 ,然后调用firstKey得到圆环上的hash值
- SortedMap<Long,String> tmap =
- this.consistentBuckets.tailMap( hv );
- return ( tmap.isEmpty() ) ? this.consistentBuckets.firstKey() : tmap.firstKey();
明天开始继续看代码 ,还是要坚持。
一致性hash的算法参考
http://xok.la/2010/06/memcache_consistent_hashing.html