Python3实现简单的selenium自动化测试

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-09-19 15:02:03 发布 5.7k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

Selenium 3.0 + Python自动化测试框架的使用本文以Python语言为例，主要系统介绍Selenium3.0自动化测试框架的使用中的各种基础、常规操作。通过学习和实践，达到能够在Python + Selenium的技术架构下进行Web自动化入门测试的目的。阅读详情

本文参考OSChina的博主‘磁针石’的《使用Python学习selenium测试工具》，该文章中有些代码执行起来有些问题，在这篇文章中已经调通。另外，本文只是简单整理了下python实现selenium的一个简单流程，要了解更多selenium相关可以参考‘磁针石’的那篇文章。

前置环境

1. 安装selenium

《python selenium环境搭建笔记》

2. 先来一个简单的搜索功能练练手

Demo 1

# searchtests.py

#!/user/bin/env python
#encoding: utf-8

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
 
class SearchTests(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        #create a new Firefox session
        self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)
        self.driver.maximize_window()
         
        # navigate to the application home Page
        self.driver.get("http://www.jd.com/")
      
    def test_search_by_category(self):
        #keywords
        self.search_field = self.driver.find_element_by_id("key")
        self.search_field.clear()
        self.search_field.send_keys("phones")
         
        #go search
        self.search_btn = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@clstag='h|keycount|2015|03c']")
        self.search_btn.click()
         
        #获取页面所有商品的 <a>标签ַ
        products = self.driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//div[@class='p-img']/a")
        self.assertGreater(len(products), 3, "more than 3~~")
         
         
    def test_search_by_name(self):
        #输入搜索关键字
        self.search_field = self.driver.find_element_by_id("key")
        self.search_field.clear()
        self.search_field.send_keys("phones")
         
        #go search
        self.search_btn = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@clstag='h|keycount|2015|03c']")
        self.search_btn.click()
         
        products = self.driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//div[@class='p-img']/a")
        self.assertGreater(len(products), 4, "more than 4~~")
         
    def tearDown(self):
        # close
        self.driver.quit()
         
if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main(verbosity=2)

Demo 2

# searchtests.py

#!/user/bin/env python
#encoding: utf-8

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver 

class SearchTests(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        # 基于类的setUp()和tearDown()方法
        # 这里的‘@classmethod’支持在一个类中只进行一次初始化和清理
        cls.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        cls.driver.implicitly_wait(30)
        cls.driver.maximize_window()

        # navigate to the application home page
        cls.driver.get("http://www.jd.com/")
        
    def test_search_by_category(self):
        # get the search textbox
        self.search_field = self.driver.find_element_by_id("key")
        self.search_field.clear()
        self.search_field.send_keys("phones")

        #submit
        self.search_btn = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@clstag='h|keycount|2015|03c']")
        self.search_btn.click()
        
        # get all the anchor elements which have product names displayed
        # currently on result page using find_elements_by_xpath method
        products = self.driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//div[@class='p-img']/a")
        self.assertGreater(len(products), 3, "more than 3~~")

    def test_search_by_name(self):
        # get the search textbox
        self.search_field = self.driver.find_element_by_id("key")
        self.search_field.clear()
        self.search_field.send_keys("android")
        
        #submit
        self.search_btn = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@clstag='shangpin|keycount|toplist1|b03']")
        self.search_btn.click()


        # get all the anchor elements which have product names displayed
        # currently on result page using find_elements_by_xpath method
        products = self.driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//div[@class='p-img']/a")
        self.assertGreater(len(products), 4, "more than 4~~")

    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls):
        # close the browser window
        cls.driver.quit()
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main(verbosity=2)

Demo 1和Demo 2对比，可以发现，Demo 2不需要每次都初始化浏览器
另外一点，需要学习find_element_by_xpath的规则以及web的DOM结构

3. 另一个测试用例

# homepagetests.py

#!/user/bin/env python
#encoding: utf-8

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
#from __builtin__ import classmethod

class HomePageTest(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        # create a new Firefox session """
        cls.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        cls.driver.implicitly_wait(30)
        cls.driver.maximize_window()

        # navigate to the application home page """
        cls.driver.get('http://www.jd.com/')

    def test_search_field(self):
        # check search field exists on Home page
        self.assertTrue(self.is_element_present(By.ID, 'key'))

#     def test_language_option(self):
#         # check language options dropdown on Home page
#         self.assertTrue(self.is_element_present(By.ID, 'select-language'))
# 
#     def test_shopping_cart_empty_message(self):
#         # check content of My Shopping Cart block on Home page
#         shopping_cart_icon = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector('div.header-minicart span.icon')
#         shopping_cart_icon.click()
# 
#         shopping_cart_status = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector('p.empty').text
#         self.assertEqual('You have no items in your shopping cart.',
#                           shopping_cart_status)
# 
#         close_button = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector('div.minicart-wrapper a.close')
#         close_button.click()

    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls):
        # close the browser window
        cls.driver.quit()

    def is_element_present(self, how, what):
        """
        Utility method to check presence of an element on page
        :params how: By locator type
        :params what: locator value
        """
        try:
            self.driver.find_element(by=how, value=what)
        except NoSuchElementException:
            return False
        return True

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main(verbosity=2)

4. 组合测试

# smoketests.py

#!/user/bin/env python
#encoding: utf-8


import unittest
from searchtests import SearchTests
from homepagetests import HomePageTest

# get all tests from SearchProductTest and HomePageTest class
search_tests = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(SearchTests)
home_page_tests = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(HomePageTest)

# create a test suite combining search_test and home_page_test
smoke_tests = unittest.TestSuite([home_page_tests, search_tests])

# run the suite
unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(smoke_tests)

5. 输出测试报告

这里需要引入HTMLTestRunner.py文件
下载地址：HTMLTestRunner.py
这个文件用python2写的，有很多地方会有编译错误，具体怎么修改，>>戳这里<<
修改后的HTMLTestRunner.py参考前面给的源码

# smoketests_with_html_report.py

#!/user/bin/env python
#encoding: utf-8


import unittest
import HTMLTestRunner
import os
from searchtests import SearchTests
from homepagetests import HomePageTest

# get the directory path to output report file
result_dir = os.getcwd()

# get all tests from SearchProductTest and HomePageTest class
search_tests = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(SearchTests)
home_page_tests = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(HomePageTest)

# create a test suite combining search_test and home_page_test
smoke_tests = unittest.TestSuite([home_page_tests, search_tests])

# open the report file
outfile = open(result_dir + '\SmokeTestReport.html', 'w')

# configure HTMLTestRunner options
runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=outfile,
                                       title='Test Report',
                                       description='Smoke Tests')

# run the suite using HTMLTestRunner
runner.run(smoke_tests)