017 Letter Combinations of a Phone Number

本文详细解析了一道经典算法题目——电话号码的字母组合。通过递归深度优先搜索(DFS)的方法,实现了从数字串到所有可能字母组合的转换,并提供了两种不同的Java实现方案。

Given a digit string, return all possible letter combinations that the number could represent.

A mapping of digit to letters (just like on the telephone buttons) is given below.

Input:Digit string "23"
Output: ["ad", "ae", "af", "bd", "be", "bf", "cd", "ce", "cf"].


常规思路:把这道题转化为如下问题,对于指定的字符串集,每一项中任取一个字符,问有多少种组合方式?

以前用DFS做过自走迷宫的问题,这个是一样的道理,如下图所示:


第一步:圈1走第一条线,圈2走第一条线,....直到圈n走第一条线,将其路径存储

回退一步,圈n-1走第二条线,,,直到圈n走第一条线,将其路径存储

回退一步,圈n-1走第三条线,...直到圈n走第一条线,将其路劲存储

.......回退一步,当圈n-1走完所有条线后,回退到n-2,继续...

基本的算法如下所示

public void dfs(int index,List<String> ans){
		if(index==n){
			ans.add(road);//存储路径
			return;
		}
		for(int i=0;i<circle[index].line;i++){
			road+=circle[index].line[i];
			dfs(index+1, ans);
		}
	}

然后用其去实现

public class Solution {
    
    public List<String> letterCombinations(String digits) {
		String[] arr={"","","abc","def","ghi","jkl","mno","pqrs","tuv","wxyz"};//取2-9
		ArrayList<String> str=new ArrayList<>();//用来存储数字对应的字符串
		List<String> result=new ArrayList<>();
		if(digits.length()==0){
		    return result;
		}
		for(int i=0;i<digits.length();i++){
			int number=digits.charAt(i)-'0';//获取digits的每一个字符的数字
			str.add(arr[number]);//将对应的arr字符串添加进str
		}
		char[] getstr=new char[str.size()];
		dfs(str,0,getstr,result);//str为数字对应的字符串组,0为str中的第几个字符串,getstr为组合的字符数组,result为组合后的字符串集
		return result;
	}
	public void dfs(ArrayList<String> str,int index,char[] getstr,List<String> result){
		if(index==str.size()){
			result.add(String.valueOf(getstr));
			return;
		}
	
		for(int j=0;j<str.get(index).length();j++){
			getstr[index]=str.get(index).charAt(j);
			dfs(str, index+1, getstr, result);
		}
	}
}

再来看看大牛的代码,简直了

public List<String> letterCombinations(String digits) {
    LinkedList<String> ans = new LinkedList<String>();
    String[] mapping = new String[] {"0", "1", "abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl", "mno", "pqrs", "tuv", "wxyz"};
    ans.add("");
    for(int i =0; i<digits.length();i++){
        int x = Character.getNumericValue(digits.charAt(i));
        while(ans.peek().length()==i){
            String t = ans.remove();
            for(char s : mapping[x].toCharArray())
                ans.add(t+s);
        }
    }
    return ans;
}

我以字符串“23”来举例,如下图所示:



(Telephone Number Word Generator) Standard telephone keypads contain the digits 0 through 9. The numbers 2 through 9 each have three letters associated with them, as is indicated by the following table: Many people find it difficult to memorize phone numbers, so they use the correspondence between digits and letters to develop seven-letter words that correspond to their phone numbers. For example, a person whose telephone number is 686-2377 might use the correspondence indi- cated in the above table to develop the seven-letter word “NUMBERS.” Businesses frequently attempt to get telephone numbers that are easy for their clients to remember. If a business can advertise a simple word for its customers to dial, then no doubt the business will receive a few more calls. Each seven-letter word corresponds to exactly one seven-digit telephone number. The restaurant wishing to increase its take-home business could surely do so with the number 825-3688 (i.e., “TAKEOUT”). Each seven-digit phone number corresponds to many separate seven-letter words. Unfortunately, most of these represent unrecognizable juxtaposi- tions of letters. It’s possible, however, that the owner of a barber shop would be pleased to know that the shop’s telephone number, 424-7288, corresponds to “HAIRCUT.” A veterinarian with the phone number 738-2273 would be happy to know that the number corresponds to “PETCARE.” Write a program that, given a seven-digit number, writes to a file every possible seven-letter word corresponding to that number. There are 2187 (3 to the seventh power) such words. Avoid phone numbers with the digits 0 and 1.
06-09
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