kombu 运行超长时间任务导致RabbitMQ消费者断开

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kombu 运行超长时间任务导致RabbitMQ消费者断开

测试代码
问题分析
解决方法
- 使用异步线程运行超长时间任务防止心跳阻塞

在排查异步任务没有执行的问题时，发现RabbitMQ管理端消息队列消费者异常断开，页面显示 … no consumers … 如下图所示
在这里插入图片描述
文章会引入测试代码模拟超长时间的异步任务，以及分析消费者为啥断开，最后给出解决方案

测试代码

异步任务执行使用的时 kombu的示例代码，参考 https://docs.celeryq.dev/projects/kombu/en/stable/userguide/examples.html
在这里插入图片描述

queues.py

from __future__ import annotations

from kombu import Exchange, Queue

task_exchange = Exchange('kombu_big_tasks', type='direct')
task_queues = [Queue('hipri', task_exchange, routing_key='hipri'),
               Queue('midpri', task_exchange, routing_key='midpri'),
               Queue('lopri', task_exchange, routing_key='lopri')]

queues.py 定义了3个队列，它们绑定到同一个交换机，使用与队列名相同的routing_key。通过不同的队列名区分优先级(hipri高优先级、midpri中优先级、lopri低优先级)

worker.py

from __future__ import annotations

import os

os.environ['KOMBU_LOG_CONNECTION'] = 'True'
os.environ['KOMBU_LOG_CHANNEL'] = 'True'

import logging

logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.DEBUG,
    format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
    datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
)

from kombu.log import get_logger
from kombu.mixins import ConsumerMixin
from kombu.utils.functional import reprcall

from queues import task_queues

logger = get_logger(__name__)


class Worker(ConsumerMixin):

    def __init__(self, connection):
        self.connection = connection

    def get_consumers(self, Consumer, channel):
        return [Consumer(queues=task_queues,
                         accept=['pickle', 'json'],
                         callbacks=[self.process_task],
                         prefetch_count=1)]

    def process_task(self, body, message):
        fun = body['fun']
        args = body['args']
        kwargs = body['kwargs']
        logger.info('Got task: %s', reprcall(fun.__name__, args, kwargs))
        try:
            fun(*args, **kwargs)
        except Exception as exc:
            logger.error('task raised exception: %r', exc)
        message.ack()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    from kombu import Connection
    from kombu.utils.debug import setup_logging

    # setup root logger
    setup_logging(loglevel=logging.DEBUG)

    with Connection('amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672//', heartbeat=60) as conn:
        try:
            worker = Worker(conn)
            worker.run()
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            print('bye bye')

work.py 主要用来执行异步任务，作为RabbitMQ 的消费者

tasks.py

from __future__ import annotations

import time


def hello_task(who='world'):
    print(f"execute hello task")
    time.sleep(360)
    print(f'Hello {who}')

tasks.py 声明需要执行的任务的方法，由work.py 消费者调度。在这里引入time模块来模拟执行超长时间任务的情况

client.py

from __future__ import annotations

from kombu.pools import producers

from queues import task_exchange

priority_to_routing_key = {
    'high': 'hipri',
    'mid': 'midpri',
    'low': 'lopri',
}


def send_as_task(connection, fun, args=(), kwargs={}, priority='mid'):
    payload = {'fun': fun, 'args': args, 'kwargs': kwargs}
    routing_key = priority_to_routing_key[priority]

    with producers[connection].acquire(block=True) as producer:
        producer.publish(payload,
                         serializer='pickle',
                         compression='bzip2',
                         exchange=task_exchange,
                         declare=[task_exchange],
                         routing_key=routing_key)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    from kombu import Connection

    from tasks import hello_task

    connection = Connection('amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672//')
    send_as_task(connection, fun=hello_task, args=('Kombu',), kwargs={},
                 priority='high')

client.py 发送消息到RabbitMQ，属于生产者。消息体里面包含方法、参数

问题分析

执行 worker.py，会发现管理端会产生1个exchange以及3个queue

运行的日志输出

[Kombu connection:0x1eb707e80d0] establishing connection...
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.connection - DEBUG - [Kombu connection:0x1eb707e80d0] establishing connection...
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - amqp - DEBUG - Start from server, version: 0.9, properties: {'capabilities': {'publisher_confirms': True, 'exchange_exchange_bindings': True, 'basic.nack': True, 'consumer_cancel_notify': True, 'connection.blocked': True, 'consumer_priorities': True, 'authentication_failure_close': True, 'per_consumer_qos': True, 'direct_reply_to': True}, 'cluster_name': 'rabbit@Win10-2022QOGYT', 'copyright': 'Copyright (c) 2007-2025 Broadcom Inc and/or its subsidiaries', 'information': 'Licensed under the MPL 2.0. Website: https://rabbitmq.com', 'platform': 'Erlang/OTP 27.3.4.2', 'product': 'RabbitMQ', 'version': '4.1.2'}, mechanisms: [b'ANONYMOUS', b'PLAIN', b'AMQPLAIN'], locales: ['en_US']
[Kombu connection:0x1eb707e80d0] connection established: <Connection: amqp://guest:**@127.0.0.1:5672// at 0x1eb707e80d0>
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.connection - DEBUG - [Kombu connection:0x1eb707e80d0] connection established: <Connection: amqp://guest:**@127.0.0.1:5672// at 0x1eb707e80d0>
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.mixins - INFO - Connected to amqp://guest:**@127.0.0.1:5672//
[Kombu connection:0x1eb707e80d0] create channel
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.connection - DEBUG - [Kombu connection:0x1eb707e80d0] create channel
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - amqp - DEBUG - using channel_id: 1
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - amqp - DEBUG - Channel open
[Kombu channel:1] exchange_declare(exchange='kombu_big_tasks', type='direct', durable=True, auto_delete=False, arguments=None, nowait=False, passive=False)
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] exchange_declare(exchange='kombu_big_tasks', type='direct', durable=True, auto_delete=False, arguments=None, nowait=False, passive=False)
[Kombu channel:1] prepare_queue_arguments({}, expires=None, message_ttl=None, max_length=None, max_length_bytes=None, max_priority=None)
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] prepare_queue_arguments({}, expires=None, message_ttl=None, max_length=None, max_length_bytes=None, max_priority=None)
[Kombu channel:1] queue_declare(queue='hipri', passive=False, durable=True, exclusive=False, auto_delete=False, arguments={}, nowait=False)
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] queue_declare(queue='hipri', passive=False, durable=True, exclusive=False, auto_delete=False, arguments={}, nowait=False)
[Kombu channel:1] queue_bind(queue='hipri', exchange='kombu_big_tasks', routing_key='hipri', arguments=None, nowait=False)
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] queue_bind(queue='hipri', exchange='kombu_big_tasks', routing_key='hipri', arguments=None, nowait=False)
[Kombu channel:1] exchange_declare(exchange='kombu_big_tasks', type='direct', durable=True, auto_delete=False, arguments=None, nowait=False, passive=False)
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] exchange_declare(exchange='kombu_big_tasks', type='direct', durable=True, auto_delete=False, arguments=None, nowait=False, passive=False)
[Kombu channel:1] prepare_queue_arguments({}, expires=None, message_ttl=None, max_length=None, max_length_bytes=None, max_priority=None)
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] prepare_queue_arguments({}, expires=None, message_ttl=None, max_length=None, max_length_bytes=None, max_priority=None)
[Kombu channel:1] queue_declare(queue='midpri', passive=False, durable=True, exclusive=False, auto_delete=False, arguments={}, nowait=False)
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] queue_declare(queue='midpri', passive=False, durable=True, exclusive=False, auto_delete=False, arguments={}, nowait=False)
[Kombu channel:1] queue_bind(queue='midpri', exchange='kombu_big_tasks', routing_key='midpri', arguments=None, nowait=False)
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] queue_bind(queue='midpri', exchange='kombu_big_tasks', routing_key='midpri', arguments=None, nowait=False)
[Kombu channel:1] exchange_declare(exchange='kombu_big_tasks', type='direct', durable=True, auto_delete=False, arguments=None, nowait=False, passive=False)
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] exchange_declare(exchange='kombu_big_tasks', type='direct', durable=True, auto_delete=False, arguments=None, nowait=False, passive=False)
[Kombu channel:1] prepare_queue_arguments({}, expires=None, message_ttl=None, max_length=None, max_length_bytes=None, max_priority=None)
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] prepare_queue_arguments({}, expires=None, message_ttl=None, max_length=None, max_length_bytes=None, max_priority=None)
[Kombu channel:1] queue_declare(queue='lopri', passive=False, durable=True, exclusive=False, auto_delete=False, arguments={}, nowait=False)
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] queue_declare(queue='lopri', passive=False, durable=True, exclusive=False, auto_delete=False, arguments={}, nowait=False)
[Kombu channel:1] queue_bind(queue='lopri', exchange='kombu_big_tasks', routing_key='lopri', arguments=None, nowait=False)
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] queue_bind(queue='lopri', exchange='kombu_big_tasks', routing_key='lopri', arguments=None, nowait=False)
[Kombu channel:1] basic_qos(0, 1, False)
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] basic_qos(0, 1, False)
[Kombu channel:1] basic_consume(queue='hipri', no_ack=False, consumer_tag='None1', callback=<bound method Consumer._receive_callback of <Consumer: [<Queue hipri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> hipri bound to chan:1>, <Queue midpri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> midpri bound to chan:1>, <Queue lopri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> lopri bound to chan:1>]>>, nowait=True, arguments=None, on_cancel=None)
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] basic_consume(queue='hipri', no_ack=False, consumer_tag='None1', callback=<bound method Consumer._receive_callback of <Consumer: [<Queue hipri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> hipri bound to chan:1>, <Queue midpri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> midpri bound to chan:1>, <Queue lopri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> lopri bound to chan:1>]>>, nowait=True, arguments=None, on_cancel=None)
[Kombu channel:1] basic_consume(queue='midpri', no_ack=False, consumer_tag='None2', callback=<bound method Consumer._receive_callback of <Consumer: [<Queue hipri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> hipri bound to chan:1>, <Queue midpri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> midpri bound to chan:1>, <Queue lopri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> lopri bound to chan:1>]>>, nowait=True, arguments=None, on_cancel=None)
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] basic_consume(queue='midpri', no_ack=False, consumer_tag='None2', callback=<bound method Consumer._receive_callback of <Consumer: [<Queue hipri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> hipri bound to chan:1>, <Queue midpri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> midpri bound to chan:1>, <Queue lopri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> lopri bound to chan:1>]>>, nowait=True, arguments=None, on_cancel=None)
[Kombu channel:1] basic_consume(queue='lopri', no_ack=False, consumer_tag='None3', callback=<bound method Consumer._receive_callback of <Consumer: [<Queue hipri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> hipri bound to chan:1>, <Queue midpri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> midpri bound to chan:1>, <Queue lopri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> lopri bound to chan:1>]>>, nowait=False, arguments=None, on_cancel=None)
2025-07-19 15:55:05 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] basic_consume(queue='lopri', no_ack=False, consumer_tag='None3', callback=<bound method Consumer._receive_callback of <Consumer: [<Queue hipri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> hipri bound to chan:1>, <Queue midpri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> midpri bound to chan:1>, <Queue lopri -> <Exchange kombu_big_tasks(direct) bound to chan:1> -> lopri bound to chan:1>]>>, nowait=False, arguments=None, on_cancel=None)
2025-07-19 15:55:06 - amqp.connection.Connection.heartbeat_tick - DEBUG - heartbeat_tick : for connection e2f2a870a0e6451187c0fc3aef3d55bf
2025-07-19 15:55:06 - amqp.connection.Connection.heartbeat_tick - DEBUG - heartbeat_tick : Prev sent/recv: None/None, now - 17/15, monotonic - 1966022.093, last_heartbeat_sent - 1966022.093, heartbeat int. - 60 for connection e2f2a870a0e6451187c0fc3aef3d55bf
2025-07-19 15:55:07 - amqp.connection.Connection.heartbeat_tick - DEBUG - heartbeat_tick : for connection e2f2a870a0e6451187c0fc3aef3d55bf
2025-07-19 15:55:07 - amqp.connection.Connection.heartbeat_tick - DEBUG - heartbeat_tick : Prev sent/recv: 17/15, now - 17/15, monotonic - 1966023.093, last_heartbeat_sent - 1966022.093, heartbeat int. - 60 for connection e2f2a870a0e6451187c0fc3aef3d55bf
2025-07-19 15:55:08 - amqp.connection.Connection.heartbeat_tick - DEBUG - heartbeat_tick : for connection e2f2a870a0e6451187c0fc3aef3d55bf
2025-07-19 15:55:08 - amqp.connection.Connection.heartbeat_tick - DEBUG - heartbeat_tick : Prev sent/recv: 17/15, now - 17/15, monotonic - 1966024.093, last_heartbeat_sent - 1966022.093, heartbeat int. - 60 for connection e2f2a870a0e6451187c0fc3aef3d55bf
2025-07-19 15:55:09 - amqp.connection.Connection.heartbeat_tick - DEBUG - heartbeat_tick : for connection e2f2a870a0e6451187c0fc3aef3d55bf
2025-07-19 15:55:09 - amqp.connection.Connection.heartbeat_tick - DEBUG - heartbeat_tick : Prev sent/recv: 17/15, now - 17/15, monotonic - 1966025.093, last_heartbeat_sent - 1966022.093, heartbeat int. - 60 for connection e2f2a870a0e6451187c0fc3aef3d55bf
2025-07-19 15:55:10 - amqp.connection.Connection.heartbeat_tick - DEBUG - heartbeat_tick : for connection e2f2a870a0e6451187c0fc3aef3d55bf

worker.py 开启了 debug级别的日志，方便排查问题。在没有执行超长时间任务之前，消费者发送心跳到RabbitMQ服务端，服务端感知消费者存在不会断开消费者的连接。
在这里插入图片描述
RabbitMQ 服务端的日志如下

2025-07-19 15:55:05.840000+08:00 [info] <0.1487.0> accepting AMQP connection 127.0.0.1:59923 -> 127.0.0.1:5672
2025-07-19 15:55:05.844000+08:00 [info] <0.1487.0> connection 127.0.0.1:59923 -> 127.0.0.1:5672: user 'guest' authenticated and granted access to vhost '/'

本地是window系统启动的RabbitMQ，服务端的默认日志路径为
C:\Users%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\RabbitMQ\log
在这里插入图片描述
2. 执行 client.py，消息发送给服务端，worker.py 接收到消息之后，开始执行任务，任务开始执行后，心跳的运行日志没了，心跳发送被超长时间任务阻塞了，如下图所示

管理端这边也可以查询到有一个任务正在执行没有应答
在这里插入图片描述
等待一段时间之后，服务端没有接收到心跳，主动断开连接，服务端日志如下

2025-07-19 15:55:05.840000+08:00 [info] <0.1487.0> accepting AMQP connection 127.0.0.1:59923 -> 127.0.0.1:5672
2025-07-19 15:55:05.844000+08:00 [info] <0.1487.0> connection 127.0.0.1:59923 -> 127.0.0.1:5672: user 'guest' authenticated and granted access to vhost '/'
2025-07-19 16:09:23.336000+08:00 [info] <0.1982.0> accepting AMQP connection 127.0.0.1:60967 -> 127.0.0.1:5672
2025-07-19 16:09:23.341000+08:00 [info] <0.1982.0> connection 127.0.0.1:60967 -> 127.0.0.1:5672: user 'guest' authenticated and granted access to vhost '/'
2025-07-19 16:09:23.350000+08:00 [warning] <0.1982.0> closing AMQP connection <0.1982.0> (127.0.0.1:60967 -> 127.0.0.1:5672, vhost: '/', user: 'guest', duration: '14ms'):
2025-07-19 16:09:23.350000+08:00 [warning] <0.1982.0> client unexpectedly closed TCP connection
2025-07-19 16:12:05.968000+08:00 [error] <0.1487.0> closing AMQP connection <0.1487.0> (127.0.0.1:59923 -> 127.0.0.1:5672, duration: '17M, 0s'):
2025-07-19 16:12:05.968000+08:00 [error] <0.1487.0> missed heartbeats from client, timeout: 60s

服务端日志分析如下：
2025-07-19 15:55:05.840000 worker.py 运行，消费者连接上RabbitMQ，日志标识 <0.1487.0> 通道标识 59923
2025-07-19 16:09:23.336000 client.py 运行，生产者连接上RabbitMQ，日志标识 <0.1982.0> 通道标识60967，投递消息任务到RabbitMQ
2025-07-19 16:09:23.341000 消息发送成功后，生产者断开连接 client unexpectedly closed TCP connection 日志标识 <0.1982.0>
2025-07-19 16:12:05.968000 服务端没有收到消费者的心跳 <0.1487.0> missed heartbeats from client, timeout: 60s，断开连接 closing AMQP connection <0.1487.0>

服务端断开连接之后，消费者还在执行任务，任务执行完毕之后，进行应答，由于连接已经断开，worker.py(消费者)会产生错误，之后就会重连，日志如下

execute hello task
Hello Kombu
[Kombu channel:1] close()
2025-07-19 16:27:23 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] close()
2025-07-19 16:27:23 - amqp - DEBUG - Closed channel #1
[Kombu connection:0x1eb7089e950] closed
2025-07-19 16:27:23 - kombu.connection - DEBUG - [Kombu connection:0x1eb7089e950] closed
2025-07-19 16:27:23 - kombu.mixins - WARNING - Connection to broker lost, trying to re-establish connection...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\kombu\mixins.py", line 174, in run
    for _ in self.consume(limit=None, **kwargs):
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\kombu\mixins.py", line 190, in consume
    with self.consumer_context(**kwargs) as (conn, channel, consumers):
  File "E:\Anaconda\Lib\contextlib.py", line 137, in __enter__
    return next(self.gen)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\kombu\mixins.py", line 183, in consumer_context
    with self.Consumer() as (connection, channel, consumers):
  File "E:\Anaconda\Lib\contextlib.py", line 137, in __enter__
    return next(self.gen)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\kombu\mixins.py", line 232, in Consumer
    with self._consume_from(*self.get_consumers(cls, channel)) as c:
  File "E:\Anaconda\Lib\contextlib.py", line 137, in __enter__
    return next(self.gen)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\kombu\utils\compat.py", line 135, in nested
    reraise(exc[0], exc[1], exc[2])
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\kombu\exceptions.py", line 35, in reraise
    raise value
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\kombu\utils\compat.py", line 118, in nested
    vars.append(enter())
                ^^^^^^^
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\kombu\messaging.py", line 464, in __enter__
    self.consume()
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\kombu\messaging.py", line 514, in consume
    self._basic_consume(T, no_ack=no_ack, nowait=False)
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\kombu\messaging.py", line 641, in _basic_consume
    queue.consume(tag, self._receive_callback,
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\kombu\entity.py", line 750, in consume
    return self.channel.basic_consume(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\kombu\utils\debug.py", line 69, in __wrapped
    return meth(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\amqp\channel.py", line 1574, in basic_consume
    p = self.send_method(
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\amqp\abstract_channel.py", line 79, in send_method
    return self.wait(wait, returns_tuple=returns_tuple)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\amqp\abstract_channel.py", line 99, in wait
    self.connection.drain_events(timeout=timeout)
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\amqp\connection.py", line 526, in drain_events
    while not self.blocking_read(timeout):
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\amqp\connection.py", line 532, in blocking_read
    return self.on_inbound_frame(frame)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\amqp\method_framing.py", line 77, in on_frame
    callback(channel, msg.frame_method, msg.frame_args, msg)
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\amqp\connection.py", line 538, in on_inbound_method
    return self.channels[channel_id].dispatch_method(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\amqp\abstract_channel.py", line 156, in dispatch_method
    listener(*args)
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\amqp\channel.py", line 1629, in _on_basic_deliver
    fun(msg)
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\kombu\messaging.py", line 668, in _receive_callback
    return on_m(message) if on_m else self.receive(decoded, message)
                                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\kombu\messaging.py", line 634, in receive
    [callback(body, message) for callback in callbacks]
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\kombu\messaging.py", line 634, in <listcomp>
    [callback(body, message) for callback in callbacks]
     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\worker.py", line 45, in process_task
    message.ack()
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\kombu\message.py", line 126, in ack
    self.channel.basic_ack(self.delivery_tag, multiple=multiple)
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\amqp\channel.py", line 1407, in basic_ack
    return self.send_method(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\amqp\abstract_channel.py", line 70, in send_method
    conn.frame_writer(1, self.channel_id, sig, args, content)
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\amqp\method_framing.py", line 186, in write_frame
    write(buffer_store.view[:offset])
  File "F:\Github\python\kombu_worker\.venv\Lib\site-packages\amqp\transport.py", line 350, in write
    self._write(s)
ConnectionResetError: [WinError 10054] 远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。
[Kombu connection:0x1eb708c1c50] establishing connection...
2025-07-19 16:27:23 - kombu.connection - DEBUG - [Kombu connection:0x1eb708c1c50] establishing connection...

这个超长时间的任务会循环的重复运行。消费者运行超长时间任务，阻塞心跳 -> 服务端断开连接，任务重新回到队列 -> 消费者应答失败，重新连接服务端 -> 消费者运行超长时间任务，阻塞心跳，如图所示
在这里插入图片描述
服务端的日志表现如下

2025-07-19 15:55:05.840000+08:00 [info] <0.1487.0> accepting AMQP connection 127.0.0.1:59923 -> 127.0.0.1:5672
2025-07-19 15:55:05.844000+08:00 [info] <0.1487.0> connection 127.0.0.1:59923 -> 127.0.0.1:5672: user 'guest' authenticated and granted access to vhost '/'
2025-07-19 16:09:23.336000+08:00 [info] <0.1982.0> accepting AMQP connection 127.0.0.1:60967 -> 127.0.0.1:5672
2025-07-19 16:09:23.341000+08:00 [info] <0.1982.0> connection 127.0.0.1:60967 -> 127.0.0.1:5672: user 'guest' authenticated and granted access to vhost '/'
2025-07-19 16:09:23.350000+08:00 [warning] <0.1982.0> closing AMQP connection <0.1982.0> (127.0.0.1:60967 -> 127.0.0.1:5672, vhost: '/', user: 'guest', duration: '14ms'):
2025-07-19 16:09:23.350000+08:00 [warning] <0.1982.0> client unexpectedly closed TCP connection
2025-07-19 16:12:05.968000+08:00 [error] <0.1487.0> closing AMQP connection <0.1487.0> (127.0.0.1:59923 -> 127.0.0.1:5672, duration: '17M, 0s'):
2025-07-19 16:12:05.968000+08:00 [error] <0.1487.0> missed heartbeats from client, timeout: 60s
2025-07-19 16:15:23.418000+08:00 [info] <0.2184.0> accepting AMQP connection 127.0.0.1:61211 -> 127.0.0.1:5672
2025-07-19 16:15:23.425000+08:00 [info] <0.2184.0> connection 127.0.0.1:61211 -> 127.0.0.1:5672: user 'guest' authenticated and granted access to vhost '/'
2025-07-19 16:18:23.455000+08:00 [error] <0.2184.0> closing AMQP connection <0.2184.0> (127.0.0.1:61211 -> 127.0.0.1:5672, duration: '3M, 0s'):
2025-07-19 16:18:23.455000+08:00 [error] <0.2184.0> missed heartbeats from client, timeout: 60s
2025-07-19 16:21:23.448000+08:00 [info] <0.2248.0> accepting AMQP connection 127.0.0.1:61377 -> 127.0.0.1:5672
2025-07-19 16:21:23.453000+08:00 [info] <0.2248.0> connection 127.0.0.1:61377 -> 127.0.0.1:5672: user 'guest' authenticated and granted access to vhost '/'
2025-07-19 16:24:23.484000+08:00 [error] <0.2248.0> closing AMQP connection <0.2248.0> (127.0.0.1:61377 -> 127.0.0.1:5672, duration: '3M, 0s'):
2025-07-19 16:24:23.484000+08:00 [error] <0.2248.0> missed heartbeats from client, timeout: 60s
2025-07-19 16:27:23.474000+08:00 [info] <0.2312.0> accepting AMQP connection 127.0.0.1:61524 -> 127.0.0.1:5672
2025-07-19 16:27:23.481000+08:00 [info] <0.2312.0> connection 127.0.0.1:61524 -> 127.0.0.1:5672: user 'guest' authenticated and granted access to vhost '/'
2025-07-19 16:30:23.502000+08:00 [error] <0.2312.0> closing AMQP connection <0.2312.0> (127.0.0.1:61524 -> 127.0.0.1:5672, duration: '3M, 0s'):
2025-07-19 16:30:23.502000+08:00 [error] <0.2312.0> missed heartbeats from client, timeout: 60s
2025-07-19 16:33:23.507000+08:00 [info] <0.2489.0> accepting AMQP connection 127.0.0.1:61749 -> 127.0.0.1:5672
2025-07-19 16:33:23.512000+08:00 [info] <0.2489.0> connection 127.0.0.1:61749 -> 127.0.0.1:5672: user 'guest' authenticated and granted access to vhost '/'
2025-07-19 16:36:23.543000+08:00 [error] <0.2489.0> closing AMQP connection <0.2489.0> (127.0.0.1:61749 -> 127.0.0.1:5672, duration: '3M, 0s'):
2025-07-19 16:36:23.543000+08:00 [error] <0.2489.0> missed heartbeats from client, timeout: 60s
2025-07-19 16:39:23.533000+08:00 [info] <0.2732.0> accepting AMQP connection 127.0.0.1:62055 -> 127.0.0.1:5672
2025-07-19 16:39:23.538000+08:00 [info] <0.2732.0> connection 127.0.0.1:62055 -> 127.0.0.1:5672: user 'guest' authenticated and granted access to vhost '/'

管理端可以查看到消费者断开的间隙，消费端正在运行超长时间任务，阻塞了心跳
在这里插入图片描述

解决方法

使用异步线程运行超长时间任务防止心跳阻塞

修该 worker.py，增加线程池，异步执行任务

from __future__ import annotations

import os

os.environ['KOMBU_LOG_CONNECTION'] = 'True'
os.environ['KOMBU_LOG_CHANNEL'] = 'True'

import logging

logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.DEBUG,
    format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
    datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
)

from kombu.log import get_logger
from kombu.mixins import ConsumerMixin
from kombu.utils.functional import reprcall
from queues import task_queues
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor

logger = get_logger(__name__)


class Worker(ConsumerMixin):

    def __init__(self, connection):
        self.connection = connection
        self.thread_pool = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4, thread_name_prefix='queue_worker')

    def get_consumers(self, Consumer, channel):
        return [Consumer(queues=task_queues,
                         accept=['pickle', 'json'],
                         callbacks=[self.on_message],
                         prefetch_count=1)]

    def on_message(self, body, message):
        self.thread_pool.submit(self.process_task, body, message)

    def process_task(self, body, message):
        fun = body['fun']
        args = body['args']
        kwargs = body['kwargs']
        logger.info('Got task: %s', reprcall(fun.__name__, args, kwargs))
        try:
            fun(*args, **kwargs)
        except Exception as exc:
            logger.error('task raised exception: %r', exc)
        message.ack()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    from kombu import Connection
    from kombu.utils.debug import setup_logging

    # setup root logger
    setup_logging(loglevel=logging.DEBUG)

    with Connection('amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672//', heartbeat=60) as conn:
        try:
            worker = Worker(conn)
            worker.run()
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            print('bye bye')

在运行任务的时候，不会阻塞心跳了，worker.py日志如下

2025-07-19 16:56:19 - kombu.channel - DEBUG - [Kombu channel:1] message_to_python(<amqp.basic_message.Message object at 0x000001B436F16C30>)
2025-07-19 16:56:19 - __main__ - INFO - Got task: hello_task('Kombu')
execute hello task
2025-07-19 16:56:20 - amqp.connection.Connection.heartbeat_tick - DEBUG - heartbeat_tick : for connection 7fb334777d214ef1ac01025683428e30
2025-07-19 16:56:20 - amqp.connection.Connection.heartbeat_tick - DEBUG - heartbeat_tick : Prev sent/recv: None/None, now - 17/18, monotonic - 1969696.078, last_heartbeat_sent - 1969696.078, heartbeat int. - 60 for connection 7fb334777d214ef1ac01025683428e30
2025-07-19 16:56:21 - amqp.connection.Connection.heartbeat_tick - DEBUG - heartbeat_tick : for connection 7fb334777d214ef1ac01025683428e30
2025-07-19 16:56:21 - amqp.connection.Connection.heartbeat_tick - DEBUG - heartbeat_tick : Prev sent/recv: 17/18, now - 17/18, monotonic - 1969697.078, last_heartbeat_sent - 1969696.078, heartbeat int. - 60 for connection 7fb334777d214ef1ac01025683428e30
2025-07-19 16:56:22 - amqp.connection.Connection.heartbeat_tick - DEBUG - heartbeat_tick : for connection 7fb334777d214ef1ac01025683428e30