strcat 是C 语言一个基本的字符串操作函数,它的源代码一般是这样的。
由此可见,strcat调用时,先移动目标字符串的指针到其尾部,再进行复制。这种做法对于下标比较大的数组重复调用时,效率比较低。想象一下,第一次调用strcat时,指针由0数到100,只不过复制了几个字符,第二次调用strcat时,指针又从0数到108,无论调用多少次,指针总是从0数起,就会知道这个时候是多么浪费系统资源了!
我找到一个办法,字符串追加时,事先给出目标字符串结尾所在的位置,追加时,也就不用从头开始计算其长度了,复制的过程中,目标字符串的结尾也随之移动,下一次再追加也就可以使用它了。以下就是优化过的string_append,与strcat相比,增加了一个整形指针以传递目标字符串长度的地址。
经试验,string_append 在大数组重复追加内容的情形下,优势非常明显。其它情形下,使用原来的strcat 也就足够了。
#include
<
stdio.h
>
#include
<
string
.h
>
#include
<
time.h
>
#define
BUFF_SIZE 4096
/* * optimizer for strcat when appending to a large array again and again */
char
*
string_append(
char
*
dest,
int
*
end,
const
char
*
src)
{ if ( *end >= 0 && dest && src ) { char *p = dest + *end; while ( *p++ = *src++ ) (*end)++; } return dest; }
int
main()
{ int i = 0, j = 0; int retry = 100000; int field = 100; char output1[BUFF_SIZE], output2[BUFF_SIZE]; time_t time1 = time(NULL); for ( i = 0; i < retry; i++ ) { memset(output1, 0, BUFF_SIZE); int length = 0; string_append(output1, &length, "header/n"); for ( j = 0; j < field; j++ ) { string_append(output1, &length, "/tcall detail record "); char c[8]; sprintf(c, "%d", j); string_append(output1, &length, c); string_append(output1, &length, "/n"); } string_append(output1, &length, "trailer/n"); } time_t time2 = time(NULL); printf("It takes %d seconds to show the performance of string_append()/n", time2 - time1); time1 = time(NULL); for ( i = 0; i < retry; i++ ) { memset(output2, 0, BUFF_SIZE); strcat(output2, "header/n"); for ( j = 0; j < field; j++ ) { strcat(output2, "/tcall detail record "); char c[8]; sprintf(c, "%d", j); strcat(output2, c); strcat(output2, "/n"); } strcat(output2, "trailer/n"); } time2 = time(NULL); printf("It takes %d seconds to show the performance of strcat()/n", time2 - time1); if ( strcmp(output1, output2) ) printf("They are NOT equal/n"); else printf("They are equal/n"); return 0; }
-bash-3.2$ ./string_append_demo
It takes 2 seconds to show the performance of string_append()
It takes 11 seconds to show the performance of strcat()
They are equal
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