[Docker] 通过python操作Docker

最新推荐文章于 2025-10-08 11:04:47 发布

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本文介绍了如何使用Python与Docker进行交互，包括安装docker python包、创建客户端、运行容器等步骤。通过client.containers.run()命令启动容器，并讨论了不同参数设置下的行为，如detach为True时返回Container对象。此外，还讲解了如何查看容器日志和获取退出状态码。

通过python操作Docker

安装docker python包

pip install docker

创建client

从environment里面拿

import docker
client = docker.from_env()

指定服务

from docker import DockerClient
client2 = DockerClient(base_url='unix://var/run/docker.sock')

运行容器

命令：client.containers.run()

Returns:
- The container logs, either STDOUT, STDERR, or both, depending on the value of the stdout and stderr arguments.
- STDOUT and STDERR may be read only if either json-file or journald logging driver used. Thus, if you are using none of these drivers, a None object is returned instead. See the Engine API documentation for full details.
- If detach is True, a Container object is returned instead.
Raises:
- docker.errors.ContainerError – If the container exits with a non-zero exit code and detach is False.
- docker.errors.ImageNotFound – If the specified image does not exist.
- docker.errors.APIError – If the server returns an error.

默认等container运行完并返回logs, 类似docker run。

client.containers.run('<image>', '<command>')

example:

client.containers.run('alpine, 'echo hello world')

如果detach是True，会运行container并立即返回Container对象，类似docker run -d.

container = client.containers.run('<image>', detach=True)
container.logs()

查看log

得到byte类型log

container.logs()

得到可遍历log

logs = container.logs(stream=True)
for line in logs:
	print(output)

查看返回转态码

exit_code = container.wait()
print(exit_code)

output:

{'Error': None, 'StatusCode': 0}