miao1726584751的专栏

使用eclipse工具，用SSH零配置全注解实现简单登录

JSCal2是一款简单实用而且非常酷的日历控件，功能丰富界面华丽，在官网http://www.dynarch.com/projects/calendar/有非常详细的介绍。这里是一个简单的应用实例。 包含eclipse下测试项目和js脚本代码。

spring+hibernate+atomikos实现多数据源分布式事务管理

JSP+Servlet+数据库的方式完成一个简易的库存商品管理系统

引言................................................................................................................................................................................................8 1. 前提......................................................................................................................................................................................8 2. Java的学习.........................................................................................................................................................................8 3. 目标......................................................................................................................................................................................8 4. 联机文档.............................................................................................................................................................................9 5. 章节......................................................................................................................................................................................9 6. 练习....................................................................................................................................................................................12 7. 多媒体CD-ROM.............................................................................................................................................................12 8. 源代码................................................................................................................................................................................12 9. 编码样式...........................................................................................................................................................................14 10. Java版本.........................................................................................................................................................................14 11. 课程和培训.....................................................................................................................................................................14 12. 错误..................................................................................................................................................................................14 13. 封面设计.........................................................................................................................................................................15 14. 致谢..................................................................................................................................................................................15 第1章 对象入门.......................................................................................................................................................................27 1.1 抽象的进步.....................................................................................................................................................................27 1.2 对象的接口.....................................................................................................................................................................28 1.3 实现方案的隐藏............................................................................................................................................................29 1.4 方案的重复使用............................................................................................................................................................30 1.5 继承：重新使用接口...................................................................................................................................................30 1.5.1 改善基础类..............................................................................................................................................................30 1.5.2 等价与类似关系.....................................................................................................................................................31 1.6 多形对象的互换使用...................................................................................................................................................31 1.6.1 动态绑定..................................................................................................................................................................32 1.6.2 抽象的基础类和接口............................................................................................................................................32 1.7 对象的创建和存在时间...............................................................................................................................................33 1.7.1 集合与继承器......................................................................................................................................................... 33 1.7.2 单根结构..................................................................................................................................................................34 1.7.3 集合库与方便使用集合........................................................................................................................................ 35 1.7.4 清除时的困境：由谁负责清除？......................................................................................................................35 1.8 违例控制：解决错误...................................................................................................................................................36 1.9 多线程..............................................................................................................................................................................37 1.10 永久性...........................................................................................................................................................................37 1.11 Java和因特网..............................................................................................................................................................37 1.11.1 什么是Web？......................................................................................................................................................37 1.11.2 客户端编程（注释⑧）.....................................................................................................................................38 1.11.3 服务器端编程.......................................................................................................................................................41 1.11.4 一个独立的领域：应用程序............................................................................................................................. 41 1.12 分析和设计...................................................................................................................................................................42 1.12.1 不要迷失................................................................................................................................................................42 1.12.2 阶段0：拟出一个计划....................................................................................................................................... 42 1.12.3 阶段1：要制作什么？....................................................................................................................................... 43 1.12.4 阶段2：如何构建？...........................................................................................................................................43 1.12.5 阶段3：开始创建...............................................................................................................................................44 1.12.6 阶段4：校订........................................................................................................................................................44 1.12.7 计划的回报...........................................................................................................................................................45 1.13 Java还是C++？........................................................................................................................................................45 18 第2章 一切都是对象..............................................................................................................................................................46 2.1 用句柄操纵对象............................................................................................................................................................46 2.2 所有对象都必须创建...................................................................................................................................................46 2.2.1 保存到什么地方.....................................................................................................................................................46 2.2.2 特殊情况：主要类型............................................................................................................................................47 2.2.3 Java的数组............................................................................................................................................................. 48 2.3 绝对不要清除对象.......................................................................................................................................................48 2.3.1 作用域......................................................................................................................................................................48 2.3.2 对象的作用域......................................................................................................................................................... 49 2.4 新建数据类型：类.......................................................................................................................................................49 2.4.1 字段和方法..............................................................................................................................................................49 2.5 方法、自变量和返回值...............................................................................................................................................50 2.5.1 自变量列表..............................................................................................................................................................51 2.6 构建Java程序...............................................................................................................................................................52 2.6.1 名字的可见性......................................................................................................................................................... 52 2.6.2 使用其他组件......................................................................................................................................................... 52 2.6.3 static关键字............................................................................................................................................................ 52 2.7 我们的第一个Java程序.............................................................................................................................................53 2.8 注释和嵌入文档............................................................................................................................................................55 2.8.1 注释文档..................................................................................................................................................................56 2.8.2 具体语法..................................................................................................................................................................56 2.8.3 嵌入HTML............................................................................................................................................................. 56 2.8.4 @see：引用其他类...............................................................................................................................................57 2.8.5 类文档标记..............................................................................................................................................................57 2.8.6 变量文档标记......................................................................................................................................................... 57 2.8.7 方法文档标记......................................................................................................................................................... 57 2.8.8 文档示例..................................................................................................................................................................58 2.9 编码样式.........................................................................................................................................................................59 2.10 总结................................................................................................................................................................................59 2.11 练习................................................................................................................................................................................59 第3章 控制程序流程..............................................................................................................................................................60 3.1 使用Java运算符..........................................................................................................................................................60 3.1.1 优先级......................................................................................................................................................................60 3.1.2 赋值...........................................................................................................................................................................60 3.1.3 算术运算符..............................................................................................................................................................62 3.1.4 自动递增和递减.....................................................................................................................................................64 3.1.5 关系运算符..............................................................................................................................................................65 3.1.6 逻辑运算符..............................................................................................................................................................66 3.1.7 按位运算符..............................................................................................................................................................68 3.1.8 移位运算符..............................................................................................................................................................68 3.1.9 三元if-else运算符................................................................................................................................................71 3.1.10 逗号运算符...........................................................................................................................................................72 3.1.11 字串运算符+......................................................................................................................................................... 72 3.1.12 运算符常规操作规则..........................................................................................................................................72 3.1.13 造型运算符...........................................................................................................................................................73 3.1.14 Java没有“sizeof”............................................................................................................................................74 3.1.15 复习计算顺序.......................................................................................................................................................75 3.1.16 运算符总结...........................................................................................................................................................75 3.2 执行控制.........................................................................................................................................................................84 3.2.1 真和假......................................................................................................................................................................84 3.2.2 if-else........................................................................................................................................................................ 84 3.2.3 反复...........................................................................................................................................................................85 19 3.2.4 do-while....................................................................................................................................................................85 3.2.5 for.............................................................................................................................................................................. 86 3.2.6 中断和继续..............................................................................................................................................................87 3.2.7 开关...........................................................................................................................................................................91 3.3 总结..................................................................................................................................................................................94 3.4 练习..................................................................................................................................................................................94 第4章 初始化和清除..............................................................................................................................................................95 4.1 用构建器自动初始化...................................................................................................................................................95 4.2 方法过载.........................................................................................................................................................................96 4.2.1 区分过载方法......................................................................................................................................................... 97 4.2.2 主类型的过载......................................................................................................................................................... 98 4.2.3 返回值过载............................................................................................................................................................ 101 4.2.4 默认构建器............................................................................................................................................................ 102 4.2.5 this关键字.............................................................................................................................................................102 4.3 清除：收尾和垃圾收集............................................................................................................................................105 4.3.1 finalize()用途何在................................................................................................................................................105 4.3.2 必须执行清除.......................................................................................................................................................106 4.4 成员初始化..................................................................................................................................................................108 4.4.1 规定初始化............................................................................................................................................................ 109 4.4.2 构建器初始化.......................................................................................................................................................111 4.5 数组初始化..................................................................................................................................................................116 4.5.1 多维数组................................................................................................................................................................119 4.6 总结...............................................................................................................................................................................121 4.7 练习...............................................................................................................................................................................121 第5章 隐藏实施过程...........................................................................................................................................................123 5.1 包：库单元..................................................................................................................................................................123 5.1.1 创建独一无二的包名..........................................................................................................................................124 5.1.2 自定义工具库.......................................................................................................................................................126 5.1.3 利用导入改变行为.............................................................................................................................................. 128 5.1.4 包的停用................................................................................................................................................................130 5.2 Java访问指示符........................................................................................................................................................130 5.2.1 “友好的”............................................................................................................................................................ 130 5.2.2 public：接口访问................................................................................................................................................131 5.2.3 private：不能接触！...........................................................................................................................................132 5.2.4 protected：“友好的一种”..............................................................................................................................133 5.3 接口与实现..................................................................................................................................................................134 5.4 类访问...........................................................................................................................................................................135 5.5 总结...............................................................................................................................................................................136 5.6 练习...............................................................................................................................................................................137 第6章 类再生........................................................................................................................................................................139 6.1 合成的语法..................................................................................................................................................................139 6.2 继承的语法..................................................................................................................................................................141 6.2.1 初始化基础类.......................................................................................................................................................143 6.3 合成与继承的结合....................................................................................................................................................145 6.3.1 确保正确的清除...................................................................................................................................................146 6.3.2 名字的隐藏............................................................................................................................................................ 148 6.4 到底选择合成还是继承............................................................................................................................................149 6.5 protected....................................................................................................................................................................... 150 6.6 累积开发......................................................................................................................................................................151 6.7 上溯造型......................................................................................................................................................................151 6.7.1 何谓“上溯造型”？..........................................................................................................................................152 6.8 final关键字..................................................................................................................................................................152 6.8.1 final数据................................................................................................................................................................152 20 6.8.2 final方法................................................................................................................................................................155 6.8.3 final类....................................................................................................................................................................156 6.8.4 final的注意事项.................................................................................................................................................. 156 6.9 初始化和类装载......................................................................................................................................................... 157 6.9.1 继承初始化............................................................................................................................................................ 157 6.10 总结.............................................................................................................................................................................158 6.11 练习.............................................................................................................................................................................159 第7章 多形性........................................................................................................................................................................160 7.1 上溯造型......................................................................................................................................................................160 7.1.1 为什么要上溯造型.............................................................................................................................................. 161 7.2 深入理解......................................................................................................................................................................162 7.2.1 方法调用的绑定...................................................................................................................................................163 7.2.2 产生正确的行为...................................................................................................................................................163 7.2.3 扩展性....................................................................................................................................................................165 7.3 覆盖与过载..................................................................................................................................................................168 7.4 抽象类和方法.............................................................................................................................................................169 7.5 接口...............................................................................................................................................................................172 7.5.1 Java的“多重继承”..........................................................................................................................................174 7.5.2 通过继承扩展接口.............................................................................................................................................. 176 7.5.3 常数分组................................................................................................................................................................177 7.5.4 初始化接口中的字段..........................................................................................................................................178 7.6 内部类...........................................................................................................................................................................179 7.6.1 内部类和上溯造型.............................................................................................................................................. 180 7.6.2 方法和作用域中的内部类.................................................................................................................................181 7.6.3 链接到外部类.......................................................................................................................................................186 7.6.4 static内部类..........................................................................................................................................................187 7.6.5 引用外部类对象...................................................................................................................................................189 7.6.6 从内部类继承.......................................................................................................................................................190 7.6.7 内部类可以覆盖吗？..........................................................................................................................................190 7.6.8 内部类标识符.......................................................................................................................................................192 7.6.9 为什么要用内部类：控制框架......................................................................................................................... 192 7.7 构建器和多形性......................................................................................................................................................... 198 7.7.1 构建器的调用顺序.............................................................................................................................................. 198 7.7.2 继承和finalize()...................................................................................................................................................199 7.7.3 构建器内部的多形性方法的行为....................................................................................................................202 7.8 通过继承进行设计....................................................................................................................................................204 7.8.1 纯继承与扩展.......................................................................................................................................................205 7.8.2 下溯造型与运行期类型标识.............................................................................................................................206 7.9 总结...............................................................................................................................................................................208 7.10 练习.............................................................................................................................................................................208 第8章 对象的容纳................................................................................................................................................................209 8.1 数组...............................................................................................................................................................................209 8.1.1 数组和第一类对象.............................................................................................................................................. 209 8.1.2 数组的返回............................................................................................................................................................ 212 8.2 集合...............................................................................................................................................................................213 8.2.1 缺点：类型未知...................................................................................................................................................213 8.3 枚举器（反复器）....................................................................................................................................................217 8.4 集合的类型..................................................................................................................................................................220 8.4.1 Vector.....................................................................................................................................................................220 8.4.2 BitSet......................................................................................................................................................................221 8.4.3 Stack....................................................................................................................................................................... 222 8.4.4 Hashtable................................................................................................................................................................223 8.4.5 再论枚举器............................................................................................................................................................ 228 21 8.5 排序...............................................................................................................................................................................229 8.6 通用集合库..................................................................................................................................................................232 8.7 新集合...........................................................................................................................................................................233 8.7.1 使用Collections...................................................................................................................................................235 8.7.2 使用Lists...............................................................................................................................................................238 8.7.3 使用Sets................................................................................................................................................................242 8.7.4 使用Maps..............................................................................................................................................................244 8.7.5 决定实施方案.......................................................................................................................................................247 8.7.6 未支持的操作.......................................................................................................................................................253 8.7.7 排序和搜索............................................................................................................................................................ 255 8.7.8 实用工具................................................................................................................................................................259 8.8 总结...............................................................................................................................................................................261 8.9 练习...............................................................................................................................................................................262 第9章 违例差错控制...........................................................................................................................................................263 9.1 基本违例......................................................................................................................................................................263 9.1.1 违例自变量............................................................................................................................................................ 264 9.2 违例的捕获..................................................................................................................................................................264 9.2.1 try块....................................................................................................................................................................... 264 9.2.2 违例控制器............................................................................................................................................................ 265 9.2.3 违例规范................................................................................................................................................................265 9.2.4 捕获所有违例.......................................................................................................................................................266 9.2.5 重新“掷”出违例.............................................................................................................................................. 267 9.3 标准Java违例............................................................................................................................................................ 270 9.3.1 RuntimeException的特殊情况......................................................................................................................... 270 9.4 创建自己的违例......................................................................................................................................................... 271 9.5 违例的限制..................................................................................................................................................................274 9.6 用finally清除.............................................................................................................................................................276 9.6.1 用finally 做什么.................................................................................................................................................. 277 9.6.2 缺点：丢失的违例.............................................................................................................................................. 279 9.7 构建器...........................................................................................................................................................................280 9.8 违例匹配......................................................................................................................................................................283 9.8.1 违例准则................................................................................................................................................................284 9.9 总结...............................................................................................................................................................................284 9.10 练习.............................................................................................................................................................................284 第10章 JAVA IO系统......................................................................................................................................................... 285 10.1 输入和输出................................................................................................................................................................285 10.1.1 InputStream的类型...........................................................................................................................................285 10.1.2 OutputStream的类型........................................................................................................................................286 10.2 增添属性和有用的接口.........................................................................................................................................286 10.2.1 通过FilterInputStream从InputStream里读入数据...................................................................................287 10.2.2 通过FilterOutputStream向OutputStream里写入数据.............................................................................287 10.3 本身的缺陷：RandomAccessFile......................................................................................................................... 288 10.4 File类.........................................................................................................................................................................288 10.4.1 目录列表器......................................................................................................................................................... 288 10.4.2 检查与创建目录.................................................................................................................................................292 10.5 IO流的典型应用......................................................................................................................................................294 10.5.1 输入流..................................................................................................................................................................296 10.5.2 输出流..................................................................................................................................................................298 10.5.3 快捷文件处理.....................................................................................................................................................298 10.5.4 从标准输入中读取数据....................................................................................................................................300 10.5.5 管道数据流......................................................................................................................................................... 300 10.6 StreamTokenizer........................................................................................................................................................300 22 10.6.1 StringTokenizer.................................................................................................................................................. 303 10.7 Java 1.1的IO流......................................................................................................................................................305 10.7.1 数据的发起与接收............................................................................................................................................305 10.7.2 修改数据流的行为............................................................................................................................................306 10.7.3 未改变的类......................................................................................................................................................... 306 10.7.4 一个例子..............................................................................................................................................................307 10.7.5 重导向标准IO....................................................................................................................................................310 10.8 压缩.............................................................................................................................................................................311 10.8.1 用GZIP进行简单压缩.....................................................................................................................................311 10.8.2 用Zip进行多文件保存....................................................................................................................................312 10.8.3 Java归档（jar）实用程序...............................................................................................................................314 10.9 对象序列化................................................................................................................................................................315 10.9.1 寻找类..................................................................................................................................................................318 10.9.2 序列化的控制.....................................................................................................................................................319 10.9.3 利用“持久性”.................................................................................................................................................326 10.10 总结...........................................................................................................................................................................332 10.11 练习...........................................................................................................................................................................332 第11章 运行期类型鉴定.....................................................................................................................................................333 11.1 对RTTI的需要......................................................................................................................................................... 333 11.1.1 Class对象............................................................................................................................................................ 334 11.1.2 造型前的检查.....................................................................................................................................................337 11.2 RTTI语法...................................................................................................................................................................342 11.3 反射：运行期类信息.............................................................................................................................................. 343 11.3.1 一个类方法提取器............................................................................................................................................344 11.4 总结.............................................................................................................................................................................347 11.5 练习.............................................................................................................................................................................348 第12章 传递和返回对象.....................................................................................................................................................349 12.1 传递句柄....................................................................................................................................................................349 12.1.1 别名问题..............................................................................................................................................................349 12.2 制作本地副本...........................................................................................................................................................351 12.2.1 按值传递..............................................................................................................................................................351 12.2.2 克隆对象..............................................................................................................................................................352 12.2.3 使类具有克隆能力............................................................................................................................................353 12.2.4 成功的克隆......................................................................................................................................................... 353 12.2.5 Object.clone()的效果........................................................................................................................................355 12.2.6 克隆合成对象.....................................................................................................................................................356 12.2.7 用Vector进行深层复制...................................................................................................................................358 12.2.8 通过序列化进行深层复制...............................................................................................................................359 12.2.9 使克隆具有更大的深度....................................................................................................................................361 12.2.10 为什么有这个奇怪的设计.............................................................................................................................362 12.3 克隆的控制................................................................................................................................................................363 12.3.1 副本构建器......................................................................................................................................................... 366 12.4 只读类........................................................................................................................................................................369 12.4.1 创建只读类......................................................................................................................................................... 370 12.4.2 “一成不变”的弊端........................................................................................................................................371 12.4.3 不变字串..............................................................................................................................................................373 12.4.4 String和StringBuffer类..................................................................................................................................374 12.4.5 字串的特殊性.....................................................................................................................................................376 12.5 总结.............................................................................................................................................................................376 12.6 练习.............................................................................................................................................................................376 第十三章 创建窗口和程序片.............................................................................................................................................. 378 13.1 为何要用AWT？......................................................................................................................................................378 23 13.2 基本程序片................................................................................................................................................................379 13.2.1 程序片的测试.....................................................................................................................................................380 13.2.2 一个更图形化的例子........................................................................................................................................381 13.2.3 框架方法的演示.................................................................................................................................................381 13.3 制作按钮....................................................................................................................................................................382 13.4 捕获事件....................................................................................................................................................................382 13.5 文本字段....................................................................................................................................................................384 13.6 文本区域....................................................................................................................................................................385 13.7 标签.............................................................................................................................................................................386 13.8 复选框........................................................................................................................................................................387 13.9 单选钮........................................................................................................................................................................388 13.10 下拉列表..................................................................................................................................................................389 13.11 列表框......................................................................................................................................................................390 13.11.1 handleEvent()....................................................................................................................................................391 13.12 布局的控制.............................................................................................................................................................393 13.12.1 FlowLayout.......................................................................................................................................................393 13.12.2 BorderLayout....................................................................................................................................................393 13.12.3 GridLayout........................................................................................................................................................394 13.12.4 CardLayout........................................................................................................................................................394 13.12.5 GridBagLayout.................................................................................................................................................396 13.13 action的替代品......................................................................................................................................................396 13.14 程序片的局限......................................................................................................................................................... 400 13.14.1 程序片的优点...................................................................................................................................................401 13.15 视窗化应用.............................................................................................................................................................401 13.15.1 菜单....................................................................................................................................................................401 13.15.2 对话框................................................................................................................................................................404 13.16 新型AWT.................................................................................................................................................................408 13.16.1 新的事件模型...................................................................................................................................................409 13.16.2 事件和接收者类型..........................................................................................................................................410 13.16.3 用Java 1.1 AWT制作窗口和程序片..........................................................................................................414 13.16.4 再研究一下以前的例子.................................................................................................................................416 13.16.5 动态绑定事件...................................................................................................................................................431 13.16.6 将事务逻辑与UI逻辑区分开......................................................................................................................433 13.16.7 推荐编码方法...................................................................................................................................................435 13.17 Java 1.1用户接口API..........................................................................................................................................448 13.17.1 桌面颜色...........................................................................................................................................................448 13.17.2 打印....................................................................................................................................................................448 13.17.3 剪贴板................................................................................................................................................................454 13.18 可视编程和Beans.................................................................................................................................................456 13.18.1 什么是Bean......................................................................................................................................................457 13.18.2 用Introspector提取BeanInfo.......................................................................................................................458 13.18.3 一个更复杂的Bean........................................................................................................................................463 13.18.4 Bean的封装......................................................................................................................................................465 13.18.5 更复杂的Bean支持........................................................................................................................................466 13.18.6 Bean更多的知识.............................................................................................................................................466 13.19 Swing入门（注释⑦）.........................................................................................................................................467 13.19.1 Swing有哪些优点...........................................................................................................................................467 13.19.2 方便的转换.......................................................................................................................................................467 13.19.3 显示框架...........................................................................................................................................................468 13.19.4 工具提示...........................................................................................................................................................469 13.19.5 边框....................................................................................................................................................................469