oracle之初体验-rman命令（一）

rman小结

新手报到，买了君三思的《涂抹oracle--一步一步学oracle》一书，按照书中的说明做了一些练习，作为总结的一部分发布出来，希望对新手朋友们有所帮助。因为练习的内容较多，我会分批次放在博客上，希望大家能指正，谢谢！

 

1、什么是rman？
   rman ：Recovery Manager 恢复管理器，是oracle提供的一个使数据库备份和恢复操作变得简化、自动等功能强大的工具。
  
2、rman命令
   1）连接和退出目标数据库
    （1）连接本地数据库
      如果本地只有一个数据库，可以不指定实例名称，会连接到默认的数据库
      [oracle@rac3 ~]$ rman target /

      Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon May 20 23:49:09 2013
    
      Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    
      connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1343396236)
    
      RMAN>
    如果本地有多个数据库，那么需要指定数据库实例名称
    [oracle@rac3 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
    [oracle@rac3 ~]$ rman target /
    
    Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon May 20 23:51:14 2013
    
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    
    connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1343396236)
    
    RMAN>
   （2）连接远程数据库
     [oracle@rac3 ~]$ rman target sys/密码@实例名
   
   （3）直接执行exit就可以退出rman
    RMAN> exit
 
    Recovery Manager complete.
   
   （4）指定rman操作的跟踪日志
    该操作必须在rman连接数据库的时候执行，命令如下：
    [oracle@rac3 ~]$ rman target / log /opt/log/rman_log.log
    RMAN>
    
  2）启动/关闭数据库
   rman中启动/关闭数据库与sqlplus下的操作完全一样。
   （1）关闭数据库
    RMAN> shutdown immediate
    
    using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
    database closed
    database dismounted
    Oracle instance shut down
   （3）启动数据库
    RMAN> startup

    connected to target database (not started)
    Oracle instance started
    database mounted
    database opened
    
    Total System Global Area     218103808 bytes
    
    Fixed Size                     1218604 bytes
    Variable Size                 62916564 bytes
    Database Buffers             150994944 bytes
    Redo Buffers                   2973696 bytes
  3）执行操作系统命令
   rman支持通过host命令暂时返回操作系统命令环境，然后通过exit返回rman命令窗口，如下命令：
   RMAN> host;

   [oracle@rac3 ~]$ ls
   db_health_check  Desktop  log.lst
   [oracle@rac3 ~]$ exit
   exit
   host command complete
   
   RMAN>
  4）执行sql语句
    rman支持sql语句，但是在rman中执行查询（select）语句没有返回结果，语法命令如下：
    RMAN> SQL 'ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL'; 
3、rman备份类型
   rman有两种不同类型的备份方式：创建镜像复制和创建备份集
    1）创建镜像复制 通过copy命令将数据库中数据文件、控制文件或者归档文件复制出来。复制出的文件与原文件一模一样。
    
    2）备份集（backup Sets）
    备份集是rman创建的具有特定格式的逻辑备份对象，备份集在逻辑上由一个或多个备份片段（Backup Piece）组成，每个备份片段
    在物理上对应一个操作系统文件，一个备份片段中可能包含多个数据文件、控制文件或归档文件，括弧（？）之一。
    备份集的优点：（1）备份效率高
           （2）节省存储空间

4、rman备份初级演练
  1）全库备份
  整个数据库全备份使用如下命令：
  RMAN> backup database;                    

  Starting backup at 21-MAY-13
  allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
  channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=150 devtype=DISK
  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
  input datafile fno=00001 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8sb04sh7_.dbf
  input datafile fno=00002 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8sb05c7y_.dbf
  input datafile fno=00003 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8sb05p5d_.dbf
  input datafile fno=00005 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/study_data01.dbf
  input datafile fno=00004 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8sb06dqc_.dbf
  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-MAY-13
  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-MAY-13
  piece handle=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2013_05_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130521T005056_8sno3jks_.bkp tag=TAG20130521T005056 comment=NONE
  channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
  including current control file in backupset
  including current SPFILE in backupset
  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-MAY-13
  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-MAY-13
  piece handle=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2013_05_21/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20130521T005056_8sno4oxv_.bkp tag=TAG20130521T005056 comment=NONE
  channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
  Finished backup at 21-MAY-13
  
 从上面可以看到备份出了两个文件，文件的路径为/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2013_05_21
  
 也可以将数据备份到指定目录，命令如下：
 RMAN> backup database format '/opt/backup/bak_%U';

 Starting backup at 21-MAY-13
 using channel ORA_DISK_1
 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
 input datafile fno=00001 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8sb04sh7_.dbf
 input datafile fno=00002 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8sb05c7y_.dbf
 input datafile fno=00003 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8sb05p5d_.dbf
 input datafile fno=00005 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/study_data01.dbf
 input datafile fno=00004 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8sb06dqc_.dbf
 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-MAY-13
 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-MAY-13
 piece handle=/opt/backup/bak_03oa58ob_1_1 tag=TAG20130521T005539 comment=NONE
 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:36
 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
 including current control file in backupset
 including current SPFILE in backupset
 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-MAY-13
 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-MAY-13
 piece handle=/opt/backup/bak_04oa58pf_1_1 tag=TAG20130521T005539 comment=NONE
 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
 Finished backup at 21-MAY-13
 
 查看创建的全库备份，通过list命令实现：
 RMAN> list backup of database;

 List of Backup Sets
 ===================
 
 BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
 ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
 1       Full    370.65M    DISK        00:00:31     21-MAY-13     
         BP Key: 1   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20130521T005056
         Piece Name: /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2013_05_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130521T005056_8sno3jks_.bkp
   List of Datafiles in backup set 1
   File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
   ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
   1       Full 275562     21-MAY-13 /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8sb04sh7_.dbf
   2       Full 275562     21-MAY-13 /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8sb05c7y_.dbf
   3       Full 275562     21-MAY-13 /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8sb05p5d_.dbf
   4       Full 275562     21-MAY-13 /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8sb06dqc_.dbf
   5       Full 275562     21-MAY-13 /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/study_data01.dbf
 
 BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
 ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
 3       Full    370.65M    DISK        00:00:34     21-MAY-13     
         BP Key: 3   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20130521T005539
         Piece Name: /opt/backup/bak_03oa58ob_1_1
   List of Datafiles in backup set 3
   File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
   ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
   1       Full 275762     21-MAY-13 /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8sb04sh7_.dbf
   2       Full 275762     21-MAY-13 /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8sb05c7y_.dbf
   3       Full 275762     21-MAY-13 /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8sb05p5d_.dbf
   4       Full 275762     21-MAY-13 /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8sb06dqc_.dbf
   5       Full 275762     21-MAY-13 /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/study_data01.dbf

  上面标红的部分表示备份文件所在的位置。

 

感谢君三思的《涂抹oracle--一步一步学oracle》