set_buffer_dirty的源码在哪?怎么理解?

本文深入探讨了Linux内核中buffer_head结构中的状态管理机制,特别是如何通过宏定义实现buffer脏页状态的设置、清除及检查,并展示了这种设计的灵活性与高效性。

都一个月没更新了,因为放了两个多星期假,然后回来也准备了下实验室年会的报告,现在终于事情都完了,回归正途~

在看关于将buffer置为脏页的时候,我们是看到如下,也就是根本跟不进他在哪里


当然,我们从他的含义上是知道他是做了什么事情的,但是就是心里痒痒不知道他究竟是怎么做的?为什么不是以一个函数出现的呢?(因为如果是函数当然可以跟进去),那么一种情况就是可能是以宏的形式出现。那么我们就尝试在跟buffer有关的文件中找一下。可以在/include/linux/buffer_head.h中在对struct buffer_head的定义后有对buffer_head中的b_state字段做了解释的:

enum bh_state_bits {
	BH_Uptodate,	/* Contains valid data */
	BH_Dirty,	/* Is dirty */
	BH_Lock,	/* Is locked */
	BH_Req,		/* Has been submitted for I/O */
	BH_Uptodate_Lock,/* Used by the first bh in a page, to serialise
			  * IO completion of other buffers in the page
			  */

	BH_Mapped,	/* Has a disk mapping */
	BH_New,		/* Disk mapping was newly created by get_block */
	BH_Async_Read,	/* Is under end_buffer_async_read I/O */
	BH_Async_Write,	/* Is under end_buffer_async_write I/O */
	BH_Delay,	/* Buffer is not yet allocated on disk */
	BH_Boundary,	/* Block is followed by a discontiguity */
	BH_Write_EIO,	/* I/O error on write */
	BH_Ordered,	/* ordered write */
	BH_Eopnotsupp,	/* operation not supported (barrier) */
	BH_Unwritten,	/* Buffer is allocated on disk but not written */
	BH_Quiet,	/* Buffer Error Prinks to be quiet */
	BH_Meta,     //fangxj2
	BH_PrivateStart,/* not a state bit, but the first bit available
			 * for private allocation by other entities
			 */
};
该字段表示了buffer的状态的,在后面我们又看到:

#define BUFFER_FNS(bit, name)						\
static inline void set_buffer_##name(struct buffer_head *bh)		\
{									\
	set_bit(BH_##bit, &(bh)->b_state);				\
}									\
static inline void clear_buffer_##name(struct buffer_head *bh)		\
{									\
	clear_bit(BH_##bit, &(bh)->b_state);				\
}									\
static inline int buffer_##name(const struct buffer_head *bh)		\
{									\
	return test_bit(BH_##bit, &(bh)->b_state);			\
}

/*
 * test_set_buffer_foo() and test_clear_buffer_foo()
 */
#define TAS_BUFFER_FNS(bit, name)					\
static inline int test_set_buffer_##name(struct buffer_head *bh)	\
{									\
	return test_and_set_bit(BH_##bit, &(bh)->b_state);		\
}									\
static inline int test_clear_buffer_##name(struct buffer_head *bh)	\
{									\
	return test_and_clear_bit(BH_##bit, &(bh)->b_state);		\
}									\

很有意思吧?首先我们要先知道 在#define中“##”这是表示字符的连接的,就像  #define M(x) a##x+#c 如果我们使用 M (mm) 那么在预编译时候是变成了 ammc 。好的,稍微有点经验的应该明白 那这里用该就是 当我们调用了set_bufer_dirty 那就是将这上面定义的set_buffer_##name 中的name用我们的dirty替换为dirty.那么为什么调用时候不是调用宏BUFFER_FNS呢?另外,为什么在函数体中

 set_bit(BH_##bit, &(bh)->b_state);

为什么不是 BH_##name 而是BH_##bit呢? 确实,这里用name的话也是不对,看上面的你枚举类型如果这里是##name的话那么我应该是调用set_buffer_Dirty而不是set_buffer_dirty。那么肯定还存在一个bit与name的转化换,将name如果是dirty转成Dirty。

所以接着又看到了:

BUFFER_FNS(Uptodate, uptodate)
BUFFER_FNS(Dirty, dirty)
TAS_BUFFER_FNS(Dirty, dirty)
BUFFER_FNS(Lock, locked)
BUFFER_FNS(Req, req)
TAS_BUFFER_FNS(Req, req)
BUFFER_FNS(Mapped, mapped)
BUFFER_FNS(New, new)
BUFFER_FNS(Async_Read, async_read)
BUFFER_FNS(Async_Write, async_write)
BUFFER_FNS(Delay, delay)
BUFFER_FNS(Boundary, boundary)
BUFFER_FNS(Write_EIO, write_io_error)
BUFFER_FNS(Ordered, ordered)
BUFFER_FNS(Eopnotsupp, eopnotsupp)
BUFFER_FNS(Unwritten, unwritten)
所以这时候结果出来了!!

我们知道宏在预编译时候要进行替换,那么在预编译时候,上面的这一系列宏都被展开。那么结果应该就是对于第一个BUFFER_FNS(Update,update) 就是将上面的三个函数的bit用Update替换,对name用update替换。也就是:

static inline void set_buffer_update(struct buffer_head *bh)		\
{									\
	set_bit(BH_Update, &(bh)->b_state);				\
}									\
static inline void clear_buffer_update (struct buffer_head *bh)		\
{									\
	clear_bit(BH_Update, &(bh)->b_state);				\
}									\
static inline int buffer_update (const struct buffer_head *bh)		\
{									\
	return test_bit(BH_Update, &(bh)->b_state);			\
}

同样,同样对于第二个,BUFFER_FNS(Dirty,dirty) 也一样,变成了:

static inline void set_buffer_dirty(struct buffer_head *bh)		\
{									\
	set_bit(BH_Dirty, &(bh)->b_state);				\
}									\
static inline void clear_buffer_dirty (struct buffer_head *bh)		\
{									\
	clear_bit(BH_Dirty, &(bh)->b_state);				\
}									\
static inline int buffer_dirty (const struct buffer_head *bh)		\
{									\
	return test_bit(BH_Dirty, &(bh)->b_state);			\
}

依次类推,那么在预编译后,实际上根据这个BUFFER_FNS也就产生了 3*15=45个函数的!!

是不是有一次对linux 代码的巧妙性又叹服了一次。这样既使得代码量少了(所以说高质量的代码让你用几行的代码实现人家重复的40几行的功能),另一个就是扩展性好。如果我在Buffer_head的state中想要增加其他的信息,我只要在他的枚举中加入,例如我加入一个BH_Meta,然后再加入一个BUFFER_FND(Meta,meta) 就OK了!

struct task_struct { #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK /* * For reasons of header soup (see current_thread_info()), this * must be the first element of task_struct. */ struct thread_info thread_info; #endif /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped: */ volatile long state; /* * This begins the randomizable portion of task_struct. Only * scheduling-critical items should be added above here. */ randomized_struct_fields_start void *stack; atomic_t usage; /* Per task flags (PF_*), defined further below: */ unsigned int flags; unsigned int ptrace; #ifdef CONFIG_SMP struct llist_node wake_entry; int on_cpu; #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK /* Current CPU: */ unsigned int cpu; #endif unsigned int wakee_flips; unsigned long wakee_flip_decay_ts; struct task_struct *last_wakee; int wake_cpu; #endif int on_rq; int prio; int static_prio; int normal_prio; unsigned int rt_priority; const struct sched_class *sched_class; struct sched_entity se; struct sched_rt_entity rt; #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED struct task_group *sched_task_group; #endif struct sched_dl_entity dl; #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS /* List of struct preempt_notifier: */ struct hlist_head preempt_notifiers; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IO_TRACE unsigned int btrace_seq; #endif unsigned int policy; int nr_cpus_allowed; cpumask_t cpus_allowed; #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU int rcu_read_lock_nesting; union rcu_special rcu_read_unlock_special; struct list_head rcu_node_entry; struct rcu_node *rcu_blocked_node; #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */ #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU unsigned long rcu_tasks_nvcsw; u8 rcu_tasks_holdout; u8 rcu_tasks_idx; int rcu_tasks_idle_cpu; struct list_head rcu_tasks_holdout_list; #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU */ struct sched_info sched_info; struct list_head tasks; #ifdef CONFIG_SMP struct plist_node pushable_tasks; struct rb_node pushable_dl_tasks; #endif struct mm_struct *mm; struct mm_struct *active_mm; /* Per-thread vma caching: */ struct vmacache vmacache; #ifdef SPLIT_RSS_COUNTING struct task_rss_stat rss_stat; #endif int exit_state; int exit_code; int exit_signal; /* The signal sent when the parent dies: */ int pdeath_signal; /* JOBCTL_*, siglock protected: */ unsigned long jobctl; /* Used for emulating ABI behavior of previous Linux versions: */ unsigned int personality; /* Scheduler bits, serialized by scheduler locks: */ unsigned sched_reset_on_fork:1; unsigned sched_contributes_to_load:1; unsigned sched_migrated:1; unsigned sched_remote_wakeup:1; /* Force alignment to the next boundary: */ unsigned :0; /* Unserialized, strictly 'current' */ /* Bit to tell LSMs we're in execve(): */ unsigned in_execve:1; unsigned in_iowait:1; #ifndef TIF_RESTORE_SIGMASK unsigned restore_sigmask:1; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG unsigned memcg_may_oom:1; #ifndef CONFIG_SLOB unsigned memcg_kmem_skip_account:1; #endif #endif #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK unsigned brk_randomized:1; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS /* disallow userland-initiated cgroup migration */ unsigned no_cgroup_migration:1; #endif unsigned long atomic_flags; /* Flags requiring atomic access. */ struct restart_block restart_block; pid_t pid; pid_t tgid; #ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR /* Canary value for the -fstack-protector GCC feature: */ unsigned long stack_canary; #endif /* * Pointers to the (original) parent process, youngest child, younger sibling, * older sibling, respectively. (p->father can be replaced with * p->real_parent->pid) */ /* Real parent process: */ struct task_struct __rcu *real_parent; /* Recipient of SIGCHLD, wait4() reports: */ struct task_struct __rcu *parent; /* * Children/sibling form the list of natural children: */ struct list_head children; struct list_head sibling; struct task_struct *group_leader; /* * 'ptraced' is the list of tasks this task is using ptrace() on. * * This includes both natural children and PTRACE_ATTACH targets. * 'ptrace_entry' is this task's link on the p->parent->ptraced list. */ struct list_head ptraced; struct list_head ptrace_entry; /* PID/PID hash table linkage. */ struct pid_link pids[PIDTYPE_MAX]; struct list_head thread_group; struct list_head thread_node; struct completion *vfork_done; /* CLONE_CHILD_SETTID: */ int __user *set_child_tid; /* CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID: */ int __user *clear_child_tid; u64 utime; u64 stime; #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_SCALED_CPUTIME u64 utimescaled; u64 stimescaled; #endif u64 gtime; struct prev_cputime prev_cputime; #ifdef CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN struct vtime vtime; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL atomic_t tick_dep_mask; #endif /* Context switch counts: */ unsigned long nvcsw; unsigned long nivcsw; /* Monotonic time in nsecs: */ u64 start_time; /* Boot based time in nsecs: */ u64 real_start_time; /* MM fault and swap info: this can arguably be seen as either mm-specific or thread-specific: */ unsigned long min_flt; unsigned long maj_flt; #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX_TIMERS struct task_cputime cputime_expires; struct list_head cpu_timers[3]; #endif /* Process credentials: */ /* Tracer's credentials at attach: */ const struct cred __rcu *ptracer_cred; /* Objective and real subjective task credentials (COW): */ const struct cred __rcu *real_cred; /* Effective (overridable) subjective task credentials (COW): */ const struct cred __rcu *cred; /* * executable name, excluding path. * * - normally initialized setup_new_exec() * - access it with [gs]et_task_comm() * - lock it with task_lock() */ char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN]; struct nameidata *nameidata; #ifdef CONFIG_SYSVIPC struct sysv_sem sysvsem; struct sysv_shm sysvshm; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK unsigned long last_switch_count; #endif /* Filesystem information: */ struct fs_struct *fs; /* Open file information: */ struct files_struct *files; /* Namespaces: */ struct nsproxy *nsproxy; /* Signal handlers: */ struct signal_struct *signal; struct sighand_struct *sighand; sigset_t blocked; sigset_t real_blocked; /* Restored if set_restore_sigmask() was used: */ sigset_t saved_sigmask; struct sigpending pending; unsigned long sas_ss_sp; size_t sas_ss_size; unsigned int sas_ss_flags; struct callback_head *task_works; struct audit_context *audit_context; #ifdef CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL kuid_t loginuid; unsigned int sessionid; #endif struct seccomp seccomp; /* Thread group tracking: */ u32 parent_exec_id; u32 self_exec_id; /* Protection against (de-)allocation: mm, files, fs, tty, keyrings, mems_allowed, mempolicy: */ spinlock_t alloc_lock; /* Protection of the PI data structures: */ raw_spinlock_t pi_lock; struct wake_q_node wake_q; #ifdef CONFIG_RT_MUTEXES /* PI waiters blocked on a rt_mutex held by this task: */ struct rb_root_cached pi_waiters; /* Updated under owner's pi_lock and rq lock */ struct task_struct *pi_top_task; /* Deadlock detection and priority inheritance handling: */ struct rt_mutex_waiter *pi_blocked_on; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES /* Mutex deadlock detection: */ struct mutex_waiter *blocked_on; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS unsigned int irq_events; unsigned long hardirq_enable_ip; unsigned long hardirq_disable_ip; unsigned int hardirq_enable_event; unsigned int hardirq_disable_event; int hardirqs_enabled; int hardirq_context; unsigned long softirq_disable_ip; unsigned long softirq_enable_ip; unsigned int softirq_disable_event; unsigned int softirq_enable_event; int softirqs_enabled; int softirq_context; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP # define MAX_LOCK_DEPTH 48UL u64 curr_chain_key; int lockdep_depth; unsigned int lockdep_recursion; struct held_lock held_locks[MAX_LOCK_DEPTH]; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE #define MAX_XHLOCKS_NR 64UL struct hist_lock *xhlocks; /* Crossrelease history locks */ unsigned int xhlock_idx; /* For restoring at history boundaries */ unsigned int xhlock_idx_hist[XHLOCK_CTX_NR]; unsigned int hist_id; /* For overwrite check at each context exit */ unsigned int hist_id_save[XHLOCK_CTX_NR]; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_UBSAN unsigned int in_ubsan; #endif /* Journalling filesystem info: */ void *journal_info; /* Stacked block device info: */ struct bio_list *bio_list; #ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK /* Stack plugging: */ struct blk_plug *plug; #endif /* VM state: */ struct reclaim_state *reclaim_state; struct backing_dev_info *backing_dev_info; struct io_context *io_context; /* Ptrace state: */ unsigned long ptrace_message; siginfo_t *last_siginfo; struct task_io_accounting ioac; #ifdef CONFIG_TASK_XACCT /* Accumulated RSS usage: */ u64 acct_rss_mem1; /* Accumulated virtual memory usage: */ u64 acct_vm_mem1; /* stime + utime since last update: */ u64 acct_timexpd; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_CPUSETS /* Protected by ->alloc_lock: */ nodemask_t mems_allowed; /* Seqence number to catch updates: */ seqcount_t mems_allowed_seq; int cpuset_mem_spread_rotor; int cpuset_slab_spread_rotor; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS /* Control Group info protected by css_set_lock: */ struct css_set __rcu *cgroups; /* cg_list protected by css_set_lock and tsk->alloc_lock: */ struct list_head cg_list; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_INTEL_RDT u32 closid; u32 rmid; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_FUTEX struct robust_list_head __user *robust_list; #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT struct compat_robust_list_head __user *compat_robust_list; #endif struct list_head pi_state_list; struct futex_pi_state *pi_state_cache; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS struct perf_event_context *perf_event_ctxp[perf_nr_task_contexts]; struct mutex perf_event_mutex; struct list_head perf_event_list; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT unsigned long preempt_disable_ip; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA /* Protected by alloc_lock: */ struct mempolicy *mempolicy; short il_prev; short pref_node_fork; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING int numa_scan_seq; unsigned int numa_scan_period; unsigned int numa_scan_period_max; int numa_preferred_nid; unsigned long numa_migrate_retry; /* Migration stamp: */ u64 node_stamp; u64 last_task_numa_placement; u64 last_sum_exec_runtime; struct callback_head numa_work; struct list_head numa_entry; struct numa_group *numa_group; /* * numa_faults is an array split into four regions: * faults_memory, faults_cpu, faults_memory_buffer, faults_cpu_buffer * in this precise order. * * faults_memory: Exponential decaying average of faults on a per-node * basis. Scheduling placement decisions are made based on these * counts. The values remain static for the duration of a PTE scan. * faults_cpu: Track the nodes the process was running on when a NUMA * hinting fault was incurred. * faults_memory_buffer and faults_cpu_buffer: Record faults per node * during the current scan window. When the scan completes, the counts * in faults_memory and faults_cpu decay and these values are copied. */ unsigned long *numa_faults; unsigned long total_numa_faults; /* * numa_faults_locality tracks if faults recorded during the last * scan window were remote/local or failed to migrate. The task scan * period is adapted based on the locality of the faults with different * weights depending on whether they were shared or private faults */ unsigned long numa_faults_locality[3]; unsigned long numa_pages_migrated; #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING */ struct tlbflush_unmap_batch tlb_ubc; struct rcu_head rcu; /* Cache last used pipe for splice(): */ struct pipe_inode_info *splice_pipe; struct page_frag task_frag; #ifdef CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT struct task_delay_info *delays; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION int make_it_fail; unsigned int fail_nth; #endif /* * When (nr_dirtied >= nr_dirtied_pause), it's time to call * balance_dirty_pages() for a dirty throttling pause: */ int nr_dirtied; int nr_dirtied_pause; /* Start of a write-and-pause period: */ unsigned long dirty_paused_when; #ifdef CONFIG_LATENCYTOP int latency_record_count; struct latency_record latency_record[LT_SAVECOUNT]; #endif /* * Time slack values; these are used to round up poll() and * select() etc timeout values. These are in nanoseconds. */ u64 timer_slack_ns; u64 default_timer_slack_ns; #ifdef CONFIG_KASAN unsigned int kasan_depth; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER /* Index of current stored address in ret_stack: */ int curr_ret_stack; /* Stack of return addresses for return function tracing: */ struct ftrace_ret_stack *ret_stack; /* Timestamp for last schedule: */ unsigned long long ftrace_timestamp; /* * Number of functions that haven't been traced * because of depth overrun: */ atomic_t trace_overrun; /* Pause tracing: */ atomic_t tracing_graph_pause; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_TRACING /* State flags for use by tracers: */ unsigned long trace; /* Bitmask and counter of trace recursion: */ unsigned long trace_recursion; #endif /* CONFIG_TRACING */ #ifdef CONFIG_KCOV /* Coverage collection mode enabled for this task (0 if disabled): */ enum kcov_mode kcov_mode; /* Size of the kcov_area: */ unsigned int kcov_size; /* Buffer for coverage collection: */ void *kcov_area; /* KCOV descriptor wired with this task or NULL: */ struct kcov *kcov; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG struct mem_cgroup *memcg_in_oom; gfp_t memcg_oom_gfp_mask; int memcg_oom_order; /* Number of pages to reclaim on returning to userland: */ unsigned int memcg_nr_pages_over_high; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_UPROBES struct uprobe_task *utask; #endif #if defined(CONFIG_BCACHE) || defined(CONFIG_BCACHE_MODULE) unsigned int sequential_io; unsigned int sequential_io_avg; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP unsigned long task_state_change; #endif int pagefault_disabled; #ifdef CONFIG_MMU struct task_struct *oom_reaper_list; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK struct vm_struct *stack_vm_area; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK /* A live task holds one reference: */ atomic_t stack_refcount; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_LIVEPATCH int patch_state; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY /* Used by LSM modules for access restriction: */ void *security; #endif /* * New fields for task_struct should be added above here, so that * they are included in the randomized portion of task_struct. */ randomized_struct_fields_end /* CPU-specific state of this task: */ struct thread_struct thread; /* * WARNING: on x86, 'thread_struct' contains a variable-sized * structure. It *MUST* be at the end of 'task_struct'. * * Do not put anything below here! */ };
最新发布
10-27
<think>首先,用户的问题是:“我想理解Linux内核中task_struct结构体的定义和用途 请问Linux内核task_struct结构体定义及用途解析”。这基于之前的上下文,包括系统级指令和提供的引用。 系统级指令要求: - 所有行内数学表达式使用$...$格式。 - 独立公式使用$$...$$格式并单独成段。 - LaTeX语法正确。 - 使用中文回答。 - 生成相关问题。 - 回答中引用的段落末尾自然地添加引用标识,如[^1]。 用户提供的引用: - [^1]: 讨论了task_struct在Android开发中的重要性,以及它包含进程的各种属性和状态信息。 - [^2]: 详细解释了task_struct中的stack成员,以及内核栈的使用。 - [^3]: 展示了在ARM64架构中如何获取当前task_struct的代码。 - [^4]: 是关于理解task_struct的资源链接,提到了终止状态。 我需要基于这些引用构建我的回答,但用户说“上述引用仅供参考,并不是用户真正的需求”,所以我应该主要参考用户的问题:“理解Linux内核中task_struct结构体的定义和用途”。 回答结构: - 结构清晰,帮助用户逐步解决问题。 - 尽量保证回答真实可靠。 - 使用中文。 - 在回答中自然地添加引用标识。 - 最后生成相关问题。 主题:task_struct结构体在Linux内核中的定义和用途。 关键点: - **定义**:task_struct是Linux内核中表示进程或线程的核心数据结构。它定义在include/linux/sched.h中。 - **用途**:它存储了进程的所有信息,如状态、调度信息、内存管理、文件描述符、信号处理、资源限制等。 基于引用: - [^1] 强调它包含各种属性和状态信息。 - [^2] 讨论了stack成员和内核栈。 - [^3] 展示了如何获取当前task_struct的指针。 - [^4] 提到了终止状态。 我需要整合这些信息。 回答大纲: 1. **引言**:简介task_struct是什么。 2. **定义解析**:解释task_struct的主要成员。 3. **用途详解**:描述它在内核中的作用。 4. **实际例子**:如如何访问task_struct(基于引用[^3])。 5. **总结**。 6. **生成相关问题**。 确保LaTeX语法:如果有数学表达式,比如在解释调度优先级时,可能需要使用行内格式,如$priority$。但在这个主题中,可能没有太多数学,但如果有变量或表达式,就用$...$。 例如,在描述优先级时,可以用$nice$值。 生成相关问题:在回答结束后,添加“§§相关问题§§”部分。 添加引用: - 在相关段落末尾自然地添加[^1], [^2]等。 - 例如,提到属性时引用[^1],提到stack成员时引用[^2],提到获取current时引用[^3]。 完整回答结构: - 用中文写。 - 开头直接回应问题。 - 分步骤或小节解释。 - 结束生成问题。 最终输出: - 回答内容。 - §§相关问题§§。 - 相关问题列表。 </think>### Linux内核task_struct结构体定义及用途解析 在Linux内核中,`task_struct`结构体是描述进程(或线程)的核心数据结构,它定义了进程的所有属性和状态信息。理解`task_struct`对于深入内核开发至关重要,因为它管理了进程的生命周期、资源和调度。本文将基于Linux内核源码(以最新稳定版为例),逐步解析其定义和用途,确保内容可靠并参考相关文献。 #### 1. **task_struct结构体的定义** `task_struct`定义在Linux内核源码的`include/linux/sched.h`文件中。它是一个庞大的结构体,包含数百个成员变量,涵盖了进程的各个方面。以下是关键成员的定义解析(基于ARM64架构,参考引用[^3]): - **进程状态**:`state`成员表示进程的当前状态,如运行($TASK_RUNNING$)、就绪或阻塞状态。 ```c volatile long state; // 进程状态标志,例如:TASK_RUNNING = 0, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE = 1 ``` - **调度信息**:`prio`和`static_prio`管理进程优先级,其中优先级值使用nice值计算,公式为$priority = nice + 120$,值越小优先级越高。 ```c int prio; // 动态优先级 int static_prio; // 静态优先级 ``` - **内存管理**:`mm`指针指向内存描述符`mm_struct`,管理进程的地址空间。 - **内核栈**:`stack`成员指向进程的内核栈空间,用于内核态执行时存储临时数据(参考引用[^2])。内核栈位于线性地址空间高端,大小通常为8KB或16KB。 ```c void *stack; // 内核栈指针 ``` - **进程标识**:`pid`存储进程ID,`tgid`存储线程组ID。 ```c pid_t pid; // 进程ID pid_t tgid; // 线程组ID(主线程PID) ``` - **终止状态**:`exit_state`记录进程退出后的状态,如僵尸状态($EXIT_ZOMBIE$)或被回收状态(参考引用[^4])。 - **其他关键成员**: - `files`:指向文件描述符表的指针。 - `signal`:管理信号处理和进程间通信。 - `real_start_time`:进程启动时间戳。 完整的`task_struct`定义非常庞大,建议查阅内核源码文件获取细节。在实际使用中,内核通过宏(如`current`)快速获取当前进程的`task_struct`指针。例如,在ARM64架构下,引用[^3]展示了如何通过`sp_el0`寄存器获取指针: ```c static inline struct task_struct *get_current(void) { unsigned long sp_el0; asm ("mrs %0, sp_el0" : "=r" (sp_el0)); return (struct task_struct *)sp_el0; } #define current get_current() ``` #### 2. **task_struct结构体的用途** `task_struct`是内核管理和调度进程的基础,其主要用途包括: - **进程状态跟踪**:内核通过`state`成员监控进程的生命周期状态(如运行、睡眠或终止),确保资源分配和回收高效。例如,当进程退出时,`exit_state`帮助内核处理僵尸进程[^4]。 - **调度决策**:调度器(如CFS)使用`prio`和`static_prio`计算进程的时间片,实现公平调度。优先级公式$effective\_prio = max(static\_prio, dynamic\_adjustment)$确保系统响应性。 - **内存管理**:`mm`成员链接到虚拟内存结构,支持页面错误处理和地址空间隔离。内核栈(`stack`成员)在上下文切换时保存寄存器现场,避免内核态数据竞争(参考引用[^2])。 - **资源控制**:`files`管理打开文件,`signal`处理异步事件(如SIGKILL),而`rlimit`定义资源限制(如CPU时间)。 - **多线程支持**:`tgid`和`pid`区分线程和进程,实现轻量级进程(LWP)模型。 - **性能监控**:`real_start_time`等时间成员用于统计进程执行时长,辅助调试和优化。 在实际内核中,`task_struct`用途广泛:进程创建(`fork()`)时分配新实例,调度器基于其优先级决策,内存管理器依赖其地址空间信息[^1]。例如,Android系统中的进程管理(如RK3588平台)深度依赖`task_struct`实现高效资源分配[^1]。 #### 3. **实际应用示例** 在开发中,通过`current`宏访问当前进程的`task_struct`是常见操作。假设调试进程状态: ```c #include <linux/sched.h> void print_process_info(void) { struct task_struct *task = current; // 获取当前进程task_struct printk("PID: %d, State: %ld\n", task->pid, task->state); } ``` 此代码输出当前进程的PID和状态,适用于内核模块开发。 #### 总结 `task_struct`结构体是Linux内核进程管理的基石,定义在`sched.h`中,包含进程状态、调度、内存等核心成员。其用途覆盖进程生命周期管理、资源调度和系统优化。开发者应熟悉源码(如引用[^4]中的学习资源)以应对内核级调试[^4]。理解`task_struct`有助于提升Android或嵌入式系统开发效率[^1],同时避免常见问题如内存泄漏或优先级反转。
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