[概念] 质量规划工具 - Affinity Diagram

PMBOK (2004 3rd 英) P186中提到了一些质量规划工具的名称，并没有详细说明。其中提到了Affinity Diagram,

详细如下：http://www.skymark.com/resources/tools/affinity_diagram.asp

概念和作用

The affinity diagram, or KJ method (after its author, Kawakita Jiro), wasn't originally intended for quality management. Nonetheless, it has become one of the most widely used of the Japanese management and planning tools. The affinity diagram was developed to discovering meaningful groups of ideas within a raw list. In doing so, it is important to let the groupings emerge naturally, using the right side of the brain, rather than according to preordained categories

 Usually, an affinity diagram is used to refine a brainstorm into something that makes sense and can be dealt with more easily. In Seven New QC Tools, Ishikawa recommends using the affinity diagram when facts or thoughts are uncertain and need to be organized, when preexisting ideas or paradigms need to be overcome, when ideas need to be clarified, and when unity within a team needs to be created.

方法步骤

To create an affinity diagram, you sort the brainstormed list, moving ideas from the brainstorm into affinity sets, and creating groups of related ideas.As you sort ideas:

   1. Rapidly group ideas that seem to belong together.
   2. It isn't important to define why they belong together.
   3. Clarify any ideas in question.
   4. Copy an idea into in more than one affinity set if appropriate.
   5. Look for small sets. Should they belong in a larger group?
   6. Do large sets need to be broken down more precisely?
   7. When most of the ideas have been sorted, you can start to enter titles for each affinity set.