The following are number examples for theto_charfunction.
to_char(1210.73, '9999.9')
would return '1210.7'
to_char(1210.73, '9,999.99')
would return '1,210.73'
to_char(1210.73, '$9,999.00')
would return '$1,210.73'
to_char(21, '000099')
would return '000021'
The following is a list of valid parameters when theto_charfunction is used to convert a date to a string. These parameters can be used in many combinations.
Parameter
Explanation
YEAR
Year, spelled out
YYYY
4-digit year
YYY YY Y
Last 3, 2, or 1 digit(s) of year.
IYY IY I
Last 3, 2, or 1 digit(s) of ISO year.
IYYY
4-digit year based on the ISO standard
Q
Quarter of year (1, 2, 3, 4; JAN-MAR = 1).
MM
Month (01-12; JAN = 01).
MON
Abbreviated name of month.
MONTH
Name of month, padded with blanks to length of 9 characters.
RM
Roman numeral month (I-XII; JAN = I).
WW
Week of year (1-53) where week 1 starts on the first day of the year and continues to the seventh day of the year.
W
Week of month (1-5) where week 1 starts on the first day of the month and ends on the seventh.
IW
Week of year (1-52 or 1-53) based on the ISO standard.
D
Day of week (1-7).
DAY
Name of day.
DD
Day of month (1-31).
DDD
Day of year (1-366).
DY
Abbreviated name of day.
J
Julian day; the number of days since January 1, 4712 BC.
HH
Hour of day (1-12).
HH12
Hour of day (1-12).
HH24
Hour of day (0-23).
MI
Minute (0-59).
SS
Second (0-59).
SSSSS
Seconds past midnight (0-86399).
FF
Fractional seconds.
The following are date examples for theto_charfunction.
to_char(sysdate, 'yyyy/mm/dd');
would return '2003/07/09'
to_char(sysdate, 'Month DD, YYYY');
would return 'July 09, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMonth DD, YYYY');
would return 'July 9, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'MON DDth, YYYY');
would return 'JUL 09TH, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMON DDth, YYYY');
would return 'JUL 9TH, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMon ddth, YYYY');
would return 'Jul 9th, 2003'
You will notice that in some examples, theformat_maskparameter begins with "FM". This means that zeros and blanks are suppressed. This can be seen in the examples below.
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMonth DD, YYYY');
would return 'July 9, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMON DDth, YYYY');
would return 'JUL 9TH, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMon ddth, YYYY');
would return 'Jul 9th, 2003'
The zeros have been suppressed so that the day component shows as "9" as opposed to "09".
五、还有注意一点rownum不支持排序,就是说你想用这个来控制行数的话就会发现他没有按你指定的排序方式显示.,这是一个很难办的事.而且如果你用rownum=2这样的语句来输出第二行的话也是行不通的.六、最恶心的一点是Oracle对null的判断变态到极点.如果你说某个变量aa=null它是判断不出来的.尽管aa的确是空.即使在选择条件里也是判断不出来的.不知道为什么,只好用nvl()这个函数来判断了.在条件之外可以用aa is null来判断.