【ios开发】关于NSPredicate的详解

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-20 09:52:04 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2021-11-20 09:52:04 发布 · 333 阅读

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#ios开发

本文详细介绍了NSPredicate的基础概念及其在Objective-C中的应用方法。通过多个示例，展示了如何利用NSPredicate进行数组过滤、搜索和筛选操作，适用于iOS及Mac开发。

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NSPredicate是什么？
NSPredicate：谓词，提供了NSPredicate 用于指定过滤条件，谓词是指在计算机中表示计算真假值的函数，它使用起来有点儿像SQL 的查询条件，主要用于从集合中分拣出符合条件的对象，也可以用于字符串的正则匹配。

NSPredicate的具体用途应该还是过滤和筛选，类似于过滤条件之类的，用于筛选一些数组或者用于搜索的作用。（详见我下面的举例）
NSPredicate的定义方法：
我们看到创建谓词使用类方法predicateWithFormat: (NSString*) format，format 里的东西真的
和SQL 的where 条件差不多。
另外，参数format 与NSLog 的格式化模版差不多，如果1 和
188.0 是传递过来的参数，你可以写成如下的形式：
@”pid>%d and height<%f”,1,188.0
NSPredicate中主要的几种运算方式

1.比较运算符 > 、< 、== 、 >= 、<= 、 !=
例：@”number >= 99”

2.逻辑运算符：AND、OR、NOT 这几个运算符计算并、或、非的结果。

3.范围运算符：IN 、BETWEEN
例：@”number BETWEEN {1,5}”
@”address IN {‘shanghai’,’nanjing’}”

4.字符串本身:SELF
例：@”SELF == ‘APPLE’”

5.字符串相关：BEGINSWITH、ENDSWITH、CONTAINS
例： @”name CONTAIN[cd] ‘ang’” //包含某个字符串
@”name BEGINSWITH[c] ‘sh’” //以某个字符串开头
@”name ENDSWITH[d] ‘ang’” //以某个字符串结束
注:[c]不区分大小写 , [d]不区分发音符号即没有重音符号 , [cd]既不区分大小写，也不区分发音符号。

6.通配符：LIKE
例：@”name LIKE[cd] ‘er‘” //*代表通配符,Like也接受[cd].
@”name LIKE[cd] ‘???er*’”

7.正则表达式：MATCHES
例：NSString *regex = @”^A.+e$”; //以A开头，e结尾
@”name MATCHES %@”,regex
上面只是介绍了谓词的基本内容，下面看实战的实例内容：

<code class="hljs objectivec has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//初始化数据</span>
-(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span>)initDataSource
{
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; i < <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">50</span>; i ++) {
        [_dataArray addObject:@{@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"name"</span>:[<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSString</span> stringWithFormat:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Hello World %d"</span>,i],@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"age"</span>:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"1"</span>}];
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>

使用谓词的搜索，在代理方法内

<code class="hljs objectivec has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSArray</span> *tempResults = <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">nil</span>;
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 谓词搜索</span>
    NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"name contains [cd] %@ OR age contains [cd] %@"</span>,searchText,searchText];
    tempResults =  [_dataArray filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];

    [_resultsData removeAllObjects];
    [_resultsData addObjectsFromArray:tempResults];</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>

@”name contains [cd] %@ OR age contains [cd] %@”,searchText,searchText]这个的意思就是：筛选name的key 的value中包含searchText的字典以及age中包含的searchText的数组，（当然是model类型也是可以的）
这个时候大家应该明白了怎么用了吧！
@”name contains [cd] %@”,searchText] ：这个意思name的key的value中包含searchText的内容；

筛选两个数组的不一样的objects

NSArray * arr1 = @[@1,@2,@3];

NSArray * arr2 = @[@2,@3,@4,@5];

NSPredicate * filterPredicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@”NOT (SELF IN %@)”,arr1];

NSArray * filter = [arr2 filteredArrayUsingPredicate:filterPredicate];
NSLog(@”%@”,filter);

其他的用法：我就不再一一叙述：参考别人的用法给大家放在这里：

<code class="hljs scilab has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">predicate = <span class="hljs-matrix" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"name LIKE[cd] '</span>*er*<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'"</span>]</span>;<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//*代表通配符Like还接受[cd].</span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>

results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];

NSLog (@"%@", results);

<code class="hljs http has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">

<span class="http" style="box-sizing: border-box;">

<span class="undefined" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@”name LIKE[cd] ‘???er*’”];//?只匹配一个字符并且还可以接受[cd].

results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];

NSLog (@"%@", results);

<code class="hljs objectivec has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> NSPredicate *predicate;

    predicate=[NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"name=='Herbie'"</span>];<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//用predicateWithFormat创建一个谓词，name作为键路径</span>

   <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">BOOL</span> match=[predicateevaluateWithObject:car];<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//car作为接收对象,evaluateWithObject返回一个bool值。</span>

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span>(@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%s"</span>,(match)?<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"YES"</span>:<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"NO"</span>);


  predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"engine.horsepower > 150"</span>];

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSArray</span> *cars = [garage cars];

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (Car *car in [garage cars]) {

        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> ([predicate evaluateWithObject: car]) {

            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span> (@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%@"</span>, car<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.name</span>);

        }

    }
遍历cars判断是否是真，然后输出。

  predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"engine.horsepower > 150"</span>];

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSArray</span> *results;

    results = [carsfilteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//它将循环过滤数组内容，根据谓词计算每个对象的值，并将值为YES的对象累计到将被返回的新数组中。</span>

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span> (@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%@"</span>, results);
filteredArrayUsingPredicate这个方法可以得到我们所需要的值。加上

   <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSArray</span> *names;

    names=[results valueForKey:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"name"</span>];

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span> (@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%@"</span>, names);
就和上面的值一样。

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSMutableArray</span> *carsCopy = [carsmutableCopy];

    [carsCopyfilterUsingPredicate: predicate];<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//filterUsingPredicate和NSMutableArray构成新数组。</span>

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span> (@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%@"</span>, carsCopy);



    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"engine.horsepower > %d"</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">50</span>];

    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span> (@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%@"</span>, results);



    NSPredicate *predicateTemplate;

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSDictionary</span> *varDict;

    predicateTemplate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat: @<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"engine.horsepower > $POWER"</span>];<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//创建一个键/值字典来存储，这里$符号用于变量</span>

    varDict = [NSDictionarydictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:

               [NSNumbernumberWithInt: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">150</span>],@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"POWER"</span>, <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">nil</span>];<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//@后面参数名</span>

    predicate = [predicateTemplatepredicateWithSubstitutionVariables: varDict];

    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span> (@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%@"</span>, results);

  predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:

                @<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"(engine.horsepower > 50) AND (engine.horsepower < 200)"</span>];<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//可以运用运算符</span>

    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span> (@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"oop %@"</span>, results);



    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:

                @<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"engine.horsepower BETWEEN { 50, 200 }"</span>];<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//这里可以运用between关键字。和上面效果一样</span>

    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span> (@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%@"</span>, results);



    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSArray</span> *betweens = [<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSArray</span> arrayWithObjects:

                         [NSNumbernumberWithInt: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">50</span>], [NSNumbernumberWithInt: <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">200</span>],<span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">nil</span>];

    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat: @<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"engine.horsepower BETWEEN %@"</span>, betweens];

    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span> (@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%@"</span>, results);



    predicateTemplate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"engine.horsepower BETWEEN $POWERS"</span>];

    varDict = [NSDictionarydictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: betweens, @<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"POWERS"</span>, <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">nil</span>];

    predicate = [predicateTemplatepredicateWithSubstitutionVariables: varDict];<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//用变量</span>

    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span> (@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%@"</span>, results);



    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"name < 'Newton'"</span>];<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//不等号不仅可以用于数字，也可以用于字符串值。</span>

    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span> (@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%@"</span>, [results valueForKey: @<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"name"</span>]);



    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"name IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"</span>];<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//包含在其中用IN</span>

    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span> (@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%@"</span>, [results valueForKey: @<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"name"</span>]);



    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"SELF.name IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"</span>];<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//self关键字</span>

    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span> (@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%@"</span>, [results valueForKey: @<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"name"</span>]);



    names = [cars valueForKey: @<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"name"</span>];

    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"SELF IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"</span>];<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//self关键字</span>

    results = [namesfilteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span> (@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%@"</span>, results);



    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"name BEGINSWITH 'Bad'"</span>];<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//字符串运算符BEGINSWITH,ENDSWITH,CONTAINS[c][d][cd]</span>

    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];

    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span> (@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%@"</span>, results);

    BEGINSWITH：检查某个字符串是否以另一个字符串开头。

    ENDSWITH：检查某个字符串是否以另一个字符串结尾。

    CONTAINS：检查某个字符串是否以另一个字符串内部。

    [c]不区分大小写[d]不区分发音符号即没有重音符号[cd]既不区分大小写，又不区分发音符号。</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; 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