Android Http请求方法汇总

   这篇文章主要实现了在Android中使用JDK的HttpURLConnection和Apache的HttpClient访问网络资源，服务端采用python+flask编写，使用Servlet太麻烦了。关于Http协议的相关知识，可以在网上查看相关资料。代码比较简单，就不详细解释了。

1. 使用JDK中HttpURLConnection访问网络资源

(1)get请求

 

01	public String executeHttpGet() {

02	String result = null;

03	URL url = null;

04	HttpURLConnection connection = null;

05	InputStreamReader in = null;

06

try {

07	url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou");

08	connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

09	in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream());

10	BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(in);

11	StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer();

12	String line = null;

13	while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {

14	strBuffer.append(line);

15

}

16	result = strBuffer.toString();

17	} catch (Exception e) {

18	e.printStackTrace();

19	} finally {

20	if (connection != null) {

21	connection.disconnect();

22

}

23	if (in != null) {

24

try {

25	in.close();

26	} catch (IOException e) {

27	e.printStackTrace();

28

}

29

}

30

31

}

32	return result;

33

}

注意：因为是通过android模拟器访问本地pc服务端，所以不能使用localhost和127.0.0.1，使用127.0.0.1会访问模拟器自身。Android系统为实现通信将PC的IP设置为10.0.2.2

(2)post请求

 

01	public String executeHttpPost() {

02	String result = null;

03	URL url = null;

04	HttpURLConnection connection = null;

05	InputStreamReader in = null;

06

try {

07	url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/");

08	connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

09	connection.setDoInput(true);

10	connection.setDoOutput(true);

11	connection.setRequestMethod("POST");

12	connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

13	connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "utf-8");

14	DataOutputStream dop = new DataOutputStream(

15	connection.getOutputStream());

16	dop.writeBytes("token=alexzhou");

17	dop.flush();

18	dop.close();

19

20	in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream());

21	BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(in);

22	StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer();

23	String line = null;

24	while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {

25	strBuffer.append(line);

26

}

27	result = strBuffer.toString();

28	} catch (Exception e) {

29	e.printStackTrace();

30	} finally {

31	if (connection != null) {

32	connection.disconnect();

33

}

34	if (in != null) {

35

try {

36	in.close();

37	} catch (IOException e) {

38	e.printStackTrace();

39

}

40

}

41

42

}

43	return result;

44

}

如果参数中有中文的话，可以使用下面的方式进行编码解码：

 

1	URLEncoder.encode("测试","utf-8")

2	URLDecoder.decode("测试","utf-8");

2.使用Apache的HttpClient访问网络资源
(1)get请求

 

01	public String executeGet() {

02	String result = null;

03	BufferedReader reader = null;

04

try {

05	HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();

06	HttpGet request = new HttpGet();

07	request.setURI(new URI(

08	"http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou"));

09	HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);

10	reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response

11	.getEntity().getContent()));

12

13	StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer("");

14	String line = null;

15	while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {

16	strBuffer.append(line);

17

}

18	result = strBuffer.toString();

19

20	} catch (Exception e) {

21	e.printStackTrace();

22	} finally {

23	if (reader != null) {

24

try {

25	reader.close();

26	reader = null;

27	} catch (IOException e) {

28	e.printStackTrace();

29

}

30

}

31

}

32

33	return result;

34

}

（2）post请求

 

01	public String executePost() {

02	String result = null;

03	BufferedReader reader = null;

04

try {

05	HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();

06	HttpPost request = new HttpPost();

07	request.setURI(new URI("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/"));

08	List<NameValuePair> postParameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();

09	postParameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("token", "alexzhou"));

10	UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(

11	postParameters);

12	request.setEntity(formEntity);

13

14	HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);

15	reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response

16	.getEntity().getContent()));

17

18	StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer("");

19	String line = null;

20	while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {

21	strBuffer.append(line);

22

}

23	result = strBuffer.toString();

24

25	} catch (Exception e) {

26	e.printStackTrace();

27	} finally {

28	if (reader != null) {

29

try {

30	reader.close();

31	reader = null;

32	} catch (IOException e) {

33	e.printStackTrace();

34

}

35

}

36

}

37

38	return result;

39

}

3.服务端代码实现
上面是采用两种方式的get和post请求的代码，下面来实现服务端的代码编写，使用python+flask真的非常的简单，就一个文件，前提是你得搭建好python+flask的环境，代码如下：

 

01	#coding=utf-8

02

03	import json

04	from flask import Flask,request,render_template

05

06	app = Flask(__name__)

07

08	def send_ok_json(data=None):

09	if not data:

10

data = {}

11	ok_json = {'ok':True,'reason':'','data':data}

12	return json.dumps(ok_json)

13

14	@app.route('/data/get/',methods=['GET'])

15	def data_get():

16	token = request.args.get('token')

17	ret = '%s**%s' %(token,'get')

18	return send_ok_json(ret)

19

20	@app.route('/data/post/',methods=['POST'])

21	def data_post():

22	token = request.form.get('token')

23	ret = '%s**%s' %(token,'post')

24	return send_ok_json(ret)

25

26	if __name__ == "__main__":

27	app.run(host="localhost",port=8888,debug=True)

运行服务器，如图：

4. 编写单元测试代码
右击项目：new–》Source Folder取名tests，包名是：com.alexzhou.androidhttp.test（随便取，没有要求），结构如图：

在该包下创建测试类HttpTest，继承自AndroidTestCase。编写这四种方式的测试方法，代码如下:

 

01	public class HttpTest extends AndroidTestCase {

02

03

@Override

04	protected void setUp() throws Exception {

05	Log.e("HttpTest", "setUp");

06

}

07

08

@Override

09	protected void tearDown() throws Exception {

10	Log.e("HttpTest", "tearDown");

11

}

12

13	public void testExecuteGet() {

14	Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteGet");

15	HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();

16	String result = client.executeGet();

17	Log.e("HttpTest", result);

18

}

19

20	public void testExecutePost() {

21	Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecutePost");

22	HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();

23	String result = client.executePost();

24	Log.e("HttpTest", result);

25

}

26

27	public void testExecuteHttpGet() {

28	Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteHttpGet");

29	HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();

30	String result = client.executeHttpGet();

31	Log.e("HttpTest", result);

32

}

33

34	public void testExecuteHttpPost() {

35	Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteHttpPost");

36	HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();

37	String result = client.executeHttpPost();

38	Log.e("HttpTest", result);

39

}

40

}

附上HttpClientTest.java的其他代码：

 

01	public class HttpClientTest {

02

03	private static final Object mSyncObject = new Object();

04	private static HttpClientTest mInstance;

05

06	private HttpClientTest() {

07

08

}

09

10	public static HttpClientTest getInstance() {

11	synchronized (mSyncObject) {

12	if (mInstance != null) {

13	return mInstance;

14

}

15	mInstance = new HttpClientTest();

16

}

17	return mInstance;

18

}

19

20	/**...上面的四个方法...*/

21

}

现在还需要修改Android项目的配置文件AndroidManifest.xml，添加网络访问权限和单元测试的配置，AndroidManifest.xml配置文件的全部代码如下：

 

01	<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

02	package="com.alexzhou.androidhttp"

03	android:versionCode="1"

04	android:versionName="1.0" >

05

06	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

07

08

<uses-sdk

09	android:minSdkVersion="8"

10	android:targetSdkVersion="15" />

11

12	<application

13	android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"

14	android:label="@string/app_name"

15	android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >

16	<uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />

17

18

<activity

19	android:name=".MainActivity"

20	android:label="@string/title_activity_main" >

21	<intent-filter>

22	<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

23

24	<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

25	</intent-filter>

26	</activity>

27	</application>

28

29	<instrumentation

30	android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"

31	android:targetPackage="com.alexzhou.androidhttp" />

32

33	</manifest>

注意：
android:name=”android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner”这部分不用更改
android:targetPackage=”com.alexzhou.androidhttp”，填写应用程序的包名

5.测试结果
展开测试类HttpTest，依次选中这四个测试方法，右击：Run As–》Android Junit Test。
(1)运行testExecuteHttpGet，结果如图：

(2)运行testExecuteHttpPost，结果如图：

(3)运行testExecuteGet，结果如图：

(4)运行testExecutePost，结果如图：