学术论文不同的角色和贡献：【转载】

Term    Definition
Conceptualization（概念化）    Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims
Methodology（方法论）    Development or design of methodology; creation of models
Software（软件）    Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components
Validation（验证）    Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/ reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs
Formal analysis（形式分析）    Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or synthesize study data
Investigation（调查）    Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection
Resources（资源）    Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools
Data Curation（数据管理）    Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later reuse
Writing - Original Draft（写作-初稿）    Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation)
Writing - Review & Editing（写作-审查和编辑）    Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including pre-or postpublication stages
Visualization（可视化）    Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/ data presentation
Supervision（监督）    Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team
Project administration（项目管理）    Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution
Funding acquisition（基金获得）    Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication
————————————————
版权声明：本文为优快云博主「呆呆象呆呆」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_41554005/article/details/111879821

目录

一、为什么 Visualization 值得单独列一项

二、常见可视化类别与工具（2025 版）

三、真实案例（可直接写进论文“Visualization”段落）

1. 医学影像 - Grad-CAM 解释 COVID-19 分类

2