Python Django 添加首页尾页上一页下一页代码实例

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/marraybug/article/details/117964800

本文介绍了如何在Django中实现分页功能，包括首页、尾页、上一页和下一页的添加，并展示了如何处理用户输入的page参数异常情况，如非数字或超出范围的值。此外，还解决了当数据库数据少于最大页码时可能出现的问题，确保了分页的正确性和用户体验。

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添加首页和尾页：

views.py：


    from django.shortcuts import render
    from app01 import models
    def book_list(request):
      # 从 URL 中取参数
      page_num = request.GET.get("page")
      print(page_num, type(page_num))
      page_num = int(page_num) 
      # 定义两个变量保存数据从哪儿取到哪儿
      data_start = (page_num - 1) * 10
      data_end = page_num * 10 
      # 书籍总数
      total_count = models.Book.objects.all().count() 
      # 每一页显示多少条数据
      per_page = 10
      # 总共需要多少页码来显示
      total_page, m = divmod(total_count, per_page) 
      # 页面上最多展示的页码
      max_page = 11
      half_max_page = max_page // 2
     
      # 页面上展示的页码的开始页
      page_start = page_num - half_max_page
      # 页面上展示的页码的结束页
      page_end = page_num + half_max_page 
      # 如果当前页减一半比 1 小
      if page_start <= 1:
        page_start = 1
        page_end = max_page
      # 如果当前页加一半比总页码还大
      if page_end > total_page:
        page_end = total_page
        page_start = total_page - max_page + 1 
      # 如果还有数据
      if m:
        total_page += 1 
      all_book = models.Book.objects.all()[data_start:data_end] 
      # 拼接 html 的分页代码
      html_list = [] 
      # 添加首页按钮
      html_list.append('<li><a href="/books/?page=1" rel="external nofollow" >首页</a></li>')
      # 展示的页码
      for i in range(page_start, page_end + 1):
        tmp = '<li><a href="/book_list/?page={0}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{0}</a></li>'.format(i)
        html_list.append(tmp) 
      # 添加尾页按钮
      html_list.append('<li><a href="/books/?page={}" rel="external nofollow" >尾页</a></li>'.format(total_page)) 
      page_html = "".join(html_list) # 拼接 html 的分页代码 
      return render(request, "book_list.html", {"books": all_book, "page_html": page_html})

book_list.html：


    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <title>书籍列表</title>
      <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
    </head>
    <body> 
    <div class="container"> 
      <table class="table table-bordered">
        <thead>
        <tr>
          <th>序号</th>
          <th>id</th>
          <th>书名</th>
        </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
        {% for book in books %}
          <tr>
            <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
            <td>{{ book.id }}</td>
            <td>{{ book.title }}</td>
          </tr>
        {% endfor %}
        </tbody>
      </table> 
      <nav aria-label="Page navigation">
        <ul class="pagination">
          <li>
            {{ page_html|safe }}
          </li>
        </ul>
      </nav>
    </div> 
    </body>
    </html>

运行结果：

views.py：


    from django.shortcuts import render
    from app01 import models 
    def book_list(request):
      # 从 URL 中取参数
      page_num = request.GET.get("page")
      print(page_num, type(page_num))
      page_num = int(page_num) 
      # 定义两个变量保存数据从哪儿取到哪儿
      data_start = (page_num - 1) * 10
      data_end = page_num * 10 
      # 书籍总数
      total_count = models.Book.objects.all().count() 
      # 每一页显示多少条数据
      per_page = 10 
      # 总共需要多少页码来显示
      total_page, m = divmod(total_count, per_page) 
      # 页面上最多展示的页码
      max_page = 11
      half_max_page = max_page // 2 
      # 页面上展示的页码的开始页
      page_start = page_num - half_max_page
      # 页面上展示的页码的结束页
      page_end = page_num + half_max_page 
      # 如果当前页减一半比 1 小
      if page_start <= 1:
        page_start = 1
        page_end = max_page
      # 如果当前页加一半比总页码还大
      if page_end > total_page:
        page_end = total_page
        page_start = total_page - max_page + 1 
      # 如果还有数据
      if m:
        total_page += 1 
      all_book = models.Book.objects.all()[data_start:data_end] 
      # 拼接 html 的分页代码
      html_list = [] 
      # 添加首页按钮
      html_list.append('<li><a href="/book_list/?page=1" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >首页</a></li>') 
      # 如果是第一页，就没有上一页
      if page_num <= 1:
        html_list.append('<li class="disabled"><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>'.format(page_num-1))
      else:
        # 加一个上一页的标签
        html_list.append('<li><a href="/book_list/?page={}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>'.format(page_num-1)) 
      # 展示的页码
      for i in range(page_start, page_end + 1):
        # 给当前页添加 active
        if i == page_num:
          tmp = '<li class="active"><a href="/book_list/?page={0}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{0}</a></li>'.format(i)
        else:
          tmp = '<li><a href="/book_list/?page={0}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{0}</a></li>'.format(i)
        html_list.append(tmp) 
      # 如果是最后一页，就没有下一页
      if page_num >= total_page:
        html_list.append('<li class="disabled"><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>')
      else:
        html_list.append('<li><a href="/book_list/?page={}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>'.format(page_num+1)) 
      # 添加尾页按钮
      html_list.append('<li><a href="/book_list/?page={}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >尾页</a></li>'.format(total_page))
     
      page_html = "".join(html_list) # 拼接 html 的分页代码
      return render(request, "book_list.html", {"books": all_book, "page_html": page_html})

book_list.html：


    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <title>书籍列表</title>
      <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
    </head>
    <body> 
    <div class="container"> 
      <table class="table table-bordered">
        <thead>
        <tr>
          <th>序号</th>
          <th>id</th>
          <th>书名</th>
        </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
        {% for book in books %}
          <tr>
            <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
            <td>{{ book.id }}</td>
            <td>{{ book.title }}</td>
          </tr>
        {% endfor %} 
        </tbody>
      </table>
      <nav aria-label="Page navigation">
        <ul class="pagination">
          <li>
            {{ page_html|safe }}
          </li>
        </ul>
      </nav> 
    </div>
    </body>
    </html>

运行结果：

后续改进：

处理用户传给 url 的 page 参数异常的值的情况

例如：

访问，http://127.0.0.1:8888/book_list/?page=a

访问，http://127.0.0.1:8888/book_list/?page=-1

都会出错

改进：


    from django.shortcuts import render
    from app01 import models
    def book_list(request):
      # 从 URL 中取参数
      page_num = request.GET.get("page")
      print(page_num, type(page_num)) # page_num 为 str 类型
      # 书籍总数
      total_count = models.Book.objects.all().count() 
      # 每一页显示多少条数据
      per_page = 10 
      # 总共需要多少页码来显示
      total_page, m = divmod(total_count, per_page) 
      # 如果还有数据
      if m:
        total_page += 1
      try:
        page_num = int(page_num)
        # 如果输入的页码数超过了最大的页码数，默认返回最后一页
        if page_num > total_page:
          page_num = total_page
        # 如果输入的页码数小于 1，则返回第一页
        if page_num < 1:
          page_num = 1
      except Exception as e:
        # 当输入的页码不是正经数字的时候 默认返回第一页的数据
        page_num = 1
      # 定义两个变量保存数据从哪儿取到哪儿
      data_start = (page_num - 1) * 10
      data_end = page_num * 10 
      # 页面上最多展示的页码
      max_page = 11
      half_max_page = max_page // 2
      # 页面上展示的页码的开始页
      page_start = page_num - half_max_page
      # 页面上展示的页码的结束页
      page_end = page_num + half_max_page 
      # 如果当前页减一半比 1 小
      if page_start <= 1:
        page_start = 1
        page_end = max_page
      # 如果当前页加一半比总页码还大
      if page_end > total_page:
        page_end = total_page
        page_start = total_page - max_page + 1 
      all_book = models.Book.objects.all()[data_start:data_end] 
      # 拼接 html 的分页代码
      html_list = [] 
      # 添加首页按钮
      html_list.append('<li><a href="/book_list/?page=1" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >首页</a></li>') 
      # 如果是第一页，就没有上一页
      if page_num <= 1:
        html_list.append('<li class="disabled"><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>'.format(page_num-1))
      else:
        # 加一个上一页的标签
        html_list.append('<li><a href="/book_list/?page={}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>'.format(page_num-1))
       # 展示的页码
      for i in range(page_start, page_end + 1):
        # 给当前页添加 active
        if i == page_num:
          tmp = '<li class="active"><a href="/book_list/?page={0}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{0}</a></li>'.format(i)
        else:
          tmp = '<li><a href="/book_list/?page={0}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{0}</a></li>'.format(i)
        html_list.append(tmp) 
      # 如果是最后一页，就没有下一页
      if page_num >= total_page:
        html_list.append('<li class="disabled"><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>')
      else:
        html_list.append('<li><a href="/book_list/?page={}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>'.format(page_num+1)) 
      # 添加尾页按钮
      html_list.append('<li><a href="/book_list/?page={}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >尾页</a></li>'.format(total_page))
     
      page_html = "".join(html_list) # 拼接 html 的分页代码
      return render(request, "book_list.html", {"books": all_book, "page_html": page_html})

如果数据库中的数据数少于 max_page，则会显示负数的页数

例如数据库中只有 21 条数据：

改进：


    from django.shortcuts import render
    from app01 import models
    def book_list(request):
      # 从 URL 中取参数
      page_num = request.GET.get("page")
      print(page_num, type(page_num)) # page_num 为 str 类型 
      # 书籍总数
      total_count = models.Book.objects.all().count() 
      # 每一页显示多少条数据
      per_page = 10 
      # 总共需要多少页码来显示
      total_page, m = divmod(total_count, per_page) 
      # 如果还有数据
      if m:
        total_page += 1
      try:
        page_num = int(page_num)
        # 如果输入的页码数超过了最大的页码数，默认返回最后一页
        if page_num > total_page:
          page_num = total_page
        # 如果输入的页码数小于 1，则返回第一页
        if page_num < 1:
          page_num = 1
      except Exception as e:
        # 当输入的页码不是正经数字的时候 默认返回第一页的数据
        page_num = 1 
      # 定义两个变量保存数据从哪儿取到哪儿
      data_start = (page_num - 1) * 10
      data_end = page_num * 10 
      # 页面上最多展示的页码
      max_page = 11
      # 如果总页码数小于页面上最多展示的页码
      if total_page < max_page:
        max_page = total_page
      half_max_page = max_page // 2 
      # 页面上展示的页码的开始页
      page_start = page_num - half_max_page
      # 页面上展示的页码的结束页
      page_end = page_num + half_max_page 
      # 如果当前页减一半比 1 小
      if page_start <= 1:
        page_start = 1
        page_end = max_page
      # 如果当前页加一半比总页码还大
      if page_end > total_page:
        page_end = total_page
        page_start = total_page - max_page + 1 
      all_book = models.Book.objects.all()[data_start:data_end] 
      # 拼接 html 的分页代码
      html_list = [] 
      # 添加首页按钮
      html_list.append('<li><a href="/book_list/?page=1" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >首页</a></li>') 
      # 如果是第一页，就没有上一页
      if page_num <= 1:
        html_list.append('<li class="disabled"><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>'.format(page_num-1))
      else:
        # 加一个上一页的标签
        html_list.append('<li><a href="/book_list/?page={}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>'.format(page_num-1))
      # 展示的页码
      for i in range(page_start, page_end + 1):
        # 给当前页添加 active
        if i == page_num:
          tmp = '<li class="active"><a href="/book_list/?page={0}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{0}</a></li>'.format(i)
        else:
          tmp = '<li><a href="/book_list/?page={0}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{0}</a></li>'.format(i)
        html_list.append(tmp) 
      # 如果是最后一页，就没有下一页
      if page_num >= total_page:
        html_list.append('<li class="disabled"><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>')
      else:
        html_list.append('<li><a href="/book_list/?page={}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>'.format(page_num+1)) 
      # 添加尾页按钮
      html_list.append('<li><a href="/book_list/?page={}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >尾页</a></li>'.format(total_page)) 
      page_html = "".join(html_list) # 拼接 html 的分页代码
      return render(request, "book_list.html", {"books": all_book, "page_html": page_html})

运行结果：