r"""HTTP/1.1 client library
<intro stuff goes here>
<other stuff,
too>
HTTPConnection goes through a number of "states", which define when a client
may legally make another request or fetch the response for a particular
request. Th
is diagram details these state transitions:
(null)
|
| HTTPConnection()
v
Idle
|
| putrequest()
v
Request-started
|
| ( putheader() )* endheaders()
v
Request-sent
|\_____________________________
| | getresponse() ra
ises
| response = getresponse() | ConnectionError
v v
Unread-response Idle
[Response-headers-read]
|\____________________
| |
| response.read() | putrequest()
v v
Idle Req-started-unread-response
______/|
/ |
response.read() | | ( putheader() )* endheaders()
v v
Request-started Req-sent-unread-response
|
| response.read()
v
Request-sent
Th
is diagram presents the following rules:
-- a second request may not be started until {response-headers-read}
-- a response [object] cannot be retrieved until {request-sent}
-- there
is no differentiation between an unread response body and a
partially read response body
Note: th
is enforcement
is applied by the HTTPConnection class. The
HTTPResponse class does not enforce th
is state machine, which
implies soph
isticated clients may accelerate the request/response
pipeline. Caution should be taken, though: accelerating the states
beyond the above pattern may imply knowledge of the server's
connection-close behavior for certain requests. For example, it
is impossible to tell whether the server will close the connection
UNTIL the response headers have been read; th
is means that further
requests cannot be placed into the pipeline until it
is known that
the server will NOT be closing the connection.
Logical State __state __response
------------- ------- ----------
Idle _CS_IDLE None
Request-started _CS_REQ_STARTED None
Request-sent _CS_REQ_SENT None
Unread-response _CS_IDLE <response_class>
Req-started-unread-response _CS_REQ_STARTED <response_class>
Req-sent-unread-response _CS_REQ_SENT <response_class>
"""
import email.parser
import email.message
import errno
import http
import io
import re
import socket
import sys
import collections.abc
from urllib.parse import urlsplit
# HTTPMessage, parse_headers(), and the HTTP status code constants are
# intentionally omitted for simplicity
__all__ = ["HTTPResponse", "HTTPConnection",
"HTTPException", "NotConnected", "UnknownProtocol",
"UnknownTransferEncoding", "UnimplementedFileMode",
"IncompleteRead", "InvalidURL", "ImproperConnectionState",
"CannotSendRequest", "CannotSendHeader", "ResponseNotReady",
"BadStatusLine", "Line
TooLong", "
RemoteD
isconnected", "error",
"responses"]
HTTP_PORT = 80
HTTPS_PORT = 443
_UNKNOWN = 'UNKNOWN'
# connection states
_CS_IDLE = 'Idle'
_CS_REQ_STARTED = 'Request-started'
_CS_REQ_SENT = 'Request-sent'
# hack to maintain backwards compatibility
globals().update(http.HTTPStatus.__members__)
# another hack to maintain backwards compatibility
# Mapping status codes to official W3C names
responses = {v: v.phrase for v in http.HTTPStatus.__members__.values()}
# maximal line length when calling readline().
_MAXLINE = 65536
_MAXHEADERS = 100
# Header name/value ABNF (http://
tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2)
#
# VCHAR = %x21-7E
# obs-text = %x80-FF
# header-field = field-name ":" OWS field-value OWS
# field-name = token
# field-value = *( field-content / obs-fold )
# field-content = field-vchar [ 1*( SP / HTAB ) field-vchar ]
# field-vchar = VCHAR / obs-text
#
# obs-fold = CRLF 1*( SP / HTAB )
# ; obsolete line folding
# ; see Section 3.2.4
# token = 1*tchar
#
# tchar = "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&" / "'" / "*"
# / "+" / "-" / "." / "^" / "_" / "`" / "|" / "~"
# / DIGIT / ALPHA
# ; any VCHAR, except delimiters
#
# VCHAR defined in http://
tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5234#appendix-B.1
# the patterns for both name and value are more lenient than RFC
# definitions to allow for backwards compatibility
_
is_legal_header_name = re.compile(rb'[^:\s][^:\r\n]*').fullmatch
_
is_illegal_header_value = re.compile(rb'\n(?![ \t])|\r(?![ \t\n])').search
# These characters are not allowed within HTTP URL paths.
# See https://
tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.3 and the
# https://
tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#appendix-A pchar definition.
# Prevents CVE-2019-9740. Includes control characters such as \r\n.
# We don't restrict chars above \x7f as putrequest() limits us to ASCII.
_contains_d
isallowed_url_pchar_re = re.compile('[\x00-\x20\x7f]')
# Arguably only these _should_ allowed:
# _
is_allowed_url_pchars_re = re.compile(r"^[/!$&'()*+,;=:@%a-zA-Z0-9._~-]+$")
# We are more lenient for assumed real world compatibility purposes.
# These characters are not allowed within HTTP method names
# to prevent http header injection.
_contains_d
isallowed_method_pchar_re = re.compile('[\x00-\x1f]')
# We always set the Content-Length header for these methods because some
# servers will otherw
ise respond with a 411
_METHODS_EXPECTING_BODY = {'PATCH', 'POST', 'PUT'}
def _encode(data, name='data'):
"""Call data.encode("latin-1") but show a better error message."""
try:
return data.encode("latin-1")
except UnicodeEncodeError as err:
ra
ise UnicodeEncodeError(
err.encoding,
err.object,
err.start,
err.end,
"%s (%.20r)
is not valid Latin-1. Use %s.encode('utf-8') "
"if you want to send it encoded in UTF-8." %
(name.title(), data[err.start:err.end], name)) from None
class HTTPMessage(email.message.Message):
# XXX The only usage of th
is method
is in
# http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler. Maybe move the code there so
# that it doesn't need to be part of the public API. The API has
# never been defined so th
is could cause backwards compatibility
#
issues.
def getallmatchingheaders(self, name):
"""Find all header lines matching a given header name.
Look through the l
ist of headers and find all lines matching a given
header name (and their continuation lines). A l
ist of the lines
is
returned, without interpretation. If the header does not occur, an
empty l
ist
is returned. If the header occurs multiple times, all
occurrences are returned. Case
is not important in the header name.
"""
name = name.lower() + ':'
n = len(name)
lst = []
hit = 0
for line in self.keys():
if line[:n].lower() == name:
hit = 1
elif not line[:1].
isspace():
hit = 0
if hit:
lst.append(line)
return lst
def _read_headers(fp):
"""Reads potential header lines into a l
ist from a file pointer.
Length of line
is limited by _MAXLINE, and number of
headers
is limited by _MAXHEADERS.
"""
headers = []
while True:
line = fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
ra
ise Line
TooLong("header line")
headers.append(line)
if len(headers) > _MAXHEADERS:
ra
ise HTTPException("got more than %d headers" % _MAXHEADERS)
if line in (b'\r\n', b'\n', b''):
break
return headers
def parse_headers(fp, _class=HTTPMessage):
"""Parses only RFC2822 headers from a file pointer.
email Parser wants to see strings rather than bytes.
But a TextIOWrapper around self.rfile would buffer
too many bytes
from the stream, bytes which we later need to read as bytes.
So we read the correct bytes here, as bytes, for email Parser
to parse.
"""
headers = _read_headers(fp)
hstring = b''.join(headers).decode('
iso-8859-1')
return email.parser.Parser(_class=_class).parsestr(hstring)
class HTTPResponse(io.BufferedIOBase):
# See RFC 2616 sec 19.6 and RFC 1945 sec 6 for details.
# The bytes from the socket object are
iso-8859-1 strings.
# See RFC 2616 sec 2.2 which notes an exception for MIME-encoded
# text following RFC 2047. The basic status line parsing only
# accepts
iso-8859-1.
def __init__(self, sock, debuglevel=0, method=None, url=None):
# If the response includes a content-length header, we need to
# make sure that the client doesn't read more than the
# specified number of bytes. If it does, it will block until
# the server times out and closes the connection. Th
is will
# happen if a self.fp.read()
is done (without a size) whether
# self.fp
is buffered or not. So, no self.fp.read() by
# clients unless they know what they are doing.
self.fp = sock.makefile("rb")
self.debuglevel = debuglevel
self._method = method
# The HTTPResponse object
is returned via urllib. The clients
# of http and urllib expect different attributes for the
# headers. headers
is used here and supports urllib. msg
is
# provided as a backwards compatibility layer for http
# clients.
self.headers = self.msg = None
# from the Status-Line of the response
self.version = _UNKNOWN # HTTP-Version
self.status = _UNKNOWN # Status-Code
self.reason = _UNKNOWN # Reason-Phrase
self.chunked = _UNKNOWN #
is "chunked" being used?
self.chunk_left = _UNKNOWN # bytes left to read in current chunk
self.length = _UNKNOWN # number of bytes left in response
self.will_close = _UNKNOWN # conn will close at end of response
def _read_status(self):
line = str(self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1), "
iso-8859-1")
if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
ra
ise Line
TooLong("status line")
if self.debuglevel > 0:
print("
reply:", repr(line))
if not line:
# Presumably, the server closed the connection before
# sending a valid response.
ra
ise
RemoteD
isconnected("
Remote end closed connection without"
" response")
try:
version, status, reason = line.split(None, 2)
except ValueError:
try:
version, status = line.split(None, 1)
reason = ""
except ValueError:
# empty version will cause next test to fail.
version = ""
if not version.startswith("HTTP/"):
self._close_conn()
ra
ise BadStatusLine(line)
# The status code
is a three-digit number
try:
status = int(status)
if status < 100 or status > 999:
ra
ise BadStatusLine(line)
except ValueError:
ra
ise BadStatusLine(line)
return version, status, reason
def begin(self):
if self.headers
is not None:
# we've already started reading the response
return
# read until we get a non-100 response
while True:
version, status, reason = self._read_status()
if status != CONTINUE:
break
# skip the header from the 100 response
skipped_headers = _read_headers(self.fp)
if self.debuglevel > 0:
print("headers:", skipped_headers)
del skipped_headers
self.code = self.status = status
self.reason = reason.strip()
if version in ("HTTP/1.0", "HTTP/0.9"):
# Some servers might still return "0.9", treat it as 1.0 anyway
self.version = 10
elif version.startswith("HTTP/1."):
self.version = 11 # use HTTP/1.1 code for HTTP/1.x where x>=1
else:
ra
ise UnknownProtocol(version)
self.headers = self.msg = parse_headers(self.fp)
if self.debuglevel > 0:
for hdr, val in self.headers.items():
print("header:", hdr + ":", val)
# are we using the chunked-style of transfer encoding?
tr_enc = self.headers.get("transfer-encoding")
if tr_enc and tr_enc.lower() == "chunked":
self.chunked = True
self.chunk_left = None
else:
self.chunked = False
# will the connection close at the end of the response?
self.will_close = self._check_close()
# do we have a Content-Length?
# NOTE: RFC 2616, S4.4, #3 says we ignore th
is if tr_enc
is "chunked"
self.length = None
length = self.headers.get("content-length")
if length and not self.chunked:
try:
self.length = int(length)
except ValueError:
self.length = None
else:
if self.length < 0: # ignore nonsensical negative lengths
self.length = None
else:
self.length = None
# does the body have a fixed length? (of zero)
if (status == NO_CONTENT or status == NOT_MODIFIED or
100 <= status < 200 or # 1xx codes
self._method == "HEAD"):
self.length = 0
# if the connection remains open, and we aren't using chunked, and
# a content-length was not provided, then assume that the connection
# WILL close.
if (not self.will_close and
not self.chunked and
self.length
is None):
self.will_close = True
def _check_close(self):
conn = self.headers.get("connection")
if self.version == 11:
# An HTTP/1.1 proxy
is assumed to stay open unless
# explicitly closed.
if conn and "close" in conn.lower():
return True
return False
# Some HTTP/1.0 implementations have support for pers
istent
# connections, using rules different than HTTP/1.1.
# For older HTTP, Keep-Alive indicates pers
istent connection.
if self.headers.get("keep-alive"):
return False
# At least Akamai returns a "Connection: Keep-Alive" header,
# which was supposed to be sent by the client.
if conn and "keep-alive" in conn.lower():
return False
# Proxy-Connection
is a netscape hack.
pconn = self.headers.get("proxy-connection")
if pconn and "keep-alive" in pconn.lower():
return False
# otherw
ise, assume it will close
return True
def _close_conn(self):
fp = self.fp
self.fp = None
fp.close()
def close(self):
try:
super().close() # set "closed" flag
finally:
if self.fp:
self._close_conn()
# These implementations are for the benefit of io.BufferedReader.
# XXX Th
is class should probably be rev
ised to act more like
# the "raw stream" that BufferedReader expects.
def flush(self):
super().flush()
if self.fp:
self.fp.flush()
def readable(self):
"""Always returns True"""
return True
# End of "raw stream" methods
def
isclosed(self):
"""True if the connection
is closed."""
# NOTE: it
is possible that we will not ever call self.close(). Th
is
# case occurs when will_close
is TRUE, length
is None, and we
# read up to the last byte, but NOT past it.
#
# IMPLIES: if will_close
is FALSE, then self.close() will ALWAYS be
# called, meaning self.
isclosed()
is meaningful.
return self.fp
is None
def read(self, amt=None):
if self.fp
is None:
return b""
if self._method == "HEAD":
self._close_conn()
return b""
if self.chunked:
return self._read_chunked(amt)
if amt
is not None:
if self.length
is not None and amt > self.length:
# clip the read to the "end of response"
amt = self.length
s = self.fp.read(amt)
if not s and amt:
# Ideally, we would ra
ise IncompleteRead if the content-length
# wasn't sat
isfied, but it might break compatibility.
self._close_conn()
elif self.length
is not None:
self.length -= len(s)
if not self.length:
self._close_conn()
return s
else:
# Amount
is not given (unbounded read) so we must check self.length
if self.length
is None:
s = self.fp.read()
else:
try:
s = self._safe_read(self.length)
except IncompleteRead:
self._close_conn()
ra
ise
self.length = 0
self._close_conn() # we read everything
return s
def readinto(self, b):
"""Read up to len(b) bytes into bytearray b and return the number
of bytes read.
"""
if self.fp
is None:
return 0
if self._method == "HEAD":
self._close_conn()
return 0
if self.chunked:
return self._readinto_chunked(b)
if self.length
is not None:
if len(b) > self.length:
# clip the read to the "end of response"
b = memoryview(b)[0:self.length]
# we do not use _safe_read() here because th
is may be a .will_close
# connection, and the user
is reading more bytes than will be provided
# (for example, reading in 1k chunks)
n = self.fp.readinto(b)
if not n and b:
# Ideally, we would ra
ise IncompleteRead if the content-length
# wasn't sat
isfied, but it might break compatibility.
self._close_conn()
elif self.length
is not None:
self.length -= n
if not self.length:
self._close_conn()
return n
def _read_next_chunk_size(self):
# Read the next chunk size from the file
line = self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
ra
ise Line
TooLong("chunk size")
i = line.find(b";")
if i >= 0:
line = line[:i] # strip chunk-extensions
try:
return int(line, 16)
except ValueError:
# close the connection as protocol synchron
isation
is
# probably lost
self._close_conn()
ra
ise
def _read_and_d
iscard_trailer(self):
# read and d
iscard trailer up to the CRLF terminator
### note: we shouldn't have any trailers!
while True:
line = self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
ra
ise Line
TooLong("trailer line")
if not line:
# a van
ishingly small number of sites EOF without
# sending the trailer
break
if line in (b'\r\n', b'\n', b''):
break
def _get_chunk_left(self):
# return self.chunk_left, reading a new chunk if necessary.
# chunk_left == 0: at the end of the current chunk, need to close it
# chunk_left == None: No current chunk, should read next.
# Th
is function returns non-zero or None if the last chunk has
# been read.
chunk_left = self.chunk_left
if not chunk_left: # Can be 0 or None
if chunk_left
is not None:
# We are at the end of chunk, d
iscard chunk end
self._safe_read(2) # toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk
try:
chunk_left = self._read_next_chunk_size()
except ValueError:
ra
ise IncompleteRead(b'')
if chunk_left == 0:
# last chunk: 1*("0") [ chunk-extension ] CRLF
self._read_and_d
iscard_trailer()
# we read everything; close the "file"
self._close_conn()
chunk_left = None
self.chunk_left = chunk_left
return chunk_left
def _read_chunked(self, amt=None):
assert self.chunked != _UNKNOWN
value = []
try:
while True:
chunk_left = self._get_chunk_left()
if chunk_left
is None:
break
if amt
is not None and amt <= chunk_left:
value.append(self._safe_read(amt))
self.chunk_left = chunk_left - amt
break
value.append(self._safe_read(chunk_left))
if amt
is not None:
amt -= chunk_left
self.chunk_left = 0
return b''.join(value)
except IncompleteRead as exc:
ra
ise IncompleteRead(b''.join(value)) from exc
def _readinto_chunked(self, b):
assert self.chunked != _UNKNOWN
total_bytes = 0
mvb = memoryview(b)
try:
while True:
chunk_left = self._get_chunk_left()
if chunk_left
is None:
return total_bytes
if len(mvb) <= chunk_left:
n = self._safe_readinto(mvb)
self.chunk_left = chunk_left - n
return total_bytes + n
temp_mvb = mvb[:chunk_left]
n = self._safe_readinto(temp_mvb)
mvb = mvb[n:]
total_bytes += n
self.chunk_left = 0
except IncompleteRead:
ra
ise IncompleteRead(bytes(b[0:total_bytes]))
def _safe_read(self, amt):
"""Read the number of bytes requested.
Th
is function should be used when <amt> bytes "should" be present for
reading. If the bytes are truly not available (due to EOF), then the
IncompleteRead exception can be used to detect the problem.
"""
data = self.fp.read(amt)
if len(data) < amt:
ra
ise IncompleteRead(data, amt-len(data))
return data
def _safe_readinto(self, b):
"""Same as _safe_read, but for reading into a buffer."""
amt = len(b)
n = self.fp.readinto(b)
if n < amt:
ra
ise IncompleteRead(bytes(b[:n]), amt-n)
return n
def read1(self, n=-1):
"""Read with at most one underlying system call. If at least one
byte
is buffered, return that instead.
"""
if self.fp
is None or self._method == "HEAD":
return b""
if self.chunked:
return self._read1_chunked(n)
if self.length
is not None and (n < 0 or n > self.length):
n = self.length
result = self.fp.read1(n)
if not result and n:
self._close_conn()
elif self.length
is not None:
self.length -= len(result)
return result
def peek(self, n=-1):
# Having th
is enables IOBase.readline() to read more than one
# byte at a time
if self.fp
is None or self._method == "HEAD":
return b""
if self.chunked:
return self._peek_chunked(n)
return self.fp.peek(n)
def readline(self, limit=-1):
if self.fp
is None or self._method == "HEAD":
return b""
if self.chunked:
# Fallback to IOBase readline which uses peek() and read()
return super().readline(limit)
if self.length
is not None and (limit < 0 or limit > self.length):
limit = self.length
result = self.fp.readline(limit)
if not result and limit:
self._close_conn()
elif self.length
is not None:
self.length -= len(result)
return result
def _read1_chunked(self, n):
# Strictly speaking, _get_chunk_left() may cause more than one read,
# but that
is ok, since that
is to sat
isfy the chunked protocol.
chunk_left = self._get_chunk_left()
if chunk_left
is None or n == 0:
return b''
if not (0 <= n <= chunk_left):
n = chunk_left # if n
is negative or larger than chunk_left
read = self.fp.read1(n)
self.chunk_left -= len(read)
if not read:
ra
ise IncompleteRead(b"")
return read
def _peek_chunked(self, n):
# Strictly speaking, _get_chunk_left() may cause more than one read,
# but that
is ok, since that
is to sat
isfy the chunked protocol.
try:
chunk_left = self._get_chunk_left()
except IncompleteRead:
return b'' # peek doesn't worry about protocol
if chunk_left
is None:
return b'' # eof
# peek
is allowed to return more than requested. Just request the
# entire chunk, and truncate what we get.
return self.fp.peek(chunk_left)[:chunk_left]
def fileno(self):
return self.fp.fileno()
def getheader(self, name, default=None):
'''Returns the value of the header matching *name*.
If there are multiple matching headers, the values are
combined into a single string separated by commas and spaces.
If no matching header
is found, returns *default* or None if
the *default*
is not specified.
If the headers are unknown, ra
ises http.client.ResponseNotReady.
'''
if self.headers
is None:
ra
ise ResponseNotReady()
headers = self.headers.get_all(name) or default
if
isinstance(headers, str) or not hasattr(headers, '__iter__'):
return headers
else:
return ', '.join(headers)
def getheaders(self):
"""Return l
ist of (header, value) tuples."""
if self.headers
is None:
ra
ise ResponseNotReady()
return l
ist(self.headers.items())
# We override IOBase.__iter__ so that it doesn't check for closed-ness
def __iter__(self):
return self
# For compatibility with old-style urllib responses.
def info(self):
'''Returns an instance of the class mime
tools.Message containing
meta-information associated with the URL.
When the method
is HTTP, these headers are those returned by
the server at the head of the retrieved HTML page (including
Content-Length and Content-Type).
When the method
is FTP, a Content-Length header will be
present if (as
is now usual) the server passed back a file
length in response to the FTP retrieval request. A
Content-Type header will be present if the MIME type can be
guessed.
When the method
is local-file, returned headers will include
a Date representing the file's last-modified time, a
Content-Length giving file size, and a Content-Type
containing a guess at the file's type. See also the
description of the mime
tools module.
'''
return self.headers
def geturl(self):
'''Return the real URL of the page.
In some cases, the HTTP server redirects a client to another
URL. The urlopen() function handles th
is transparently, but in
some cases the caller needs to know which URL the client was
redirected to. The geturl() method can be used to get at th
is
redirected URL.
'''
return self.url
def getcode(self):
'''Return the HTTP status code that was sent with the response,
or None if the URL
is not an HTTP URL.
'''
return self.status
class HTTPConnection:
_http_vsn = 11
_http_vsn_str = 'HTTP/1.1'
response_class = HTTPResponse
default_port = HTTP_PORT
auto_open = 1
debuglevel = 0
@staticmethod
def _
is_textIO(stream):
"""Test whether a file-like object
is a text or a binary stream.
"""
return
isinstance(stream, io.TextIOBase)
@staticmethod
def _get_content_length(body, method):
"""Get the content-length based on the body.
If the body
is None, we set Content-Length: 0 for methods that expect
a body (RFC 7230, Section 3.3.2). We also set the Content-Length for
any method if the body
is a str or bytes-like object and not a file.
"""
if body
is None:
# do an explicit check for not None here to d
istingu
ish
# between unset and set but empty
if method.upper() in _METHODS_EXPECTING_BODY:
return 0
else:
return None
if hasattr(body, 'read'):
# file-like object.
return None
try:
# does it implement the buffer protocol (bytes, bytearray, array)?
mv = memoryview(body)
return mv.nbytes
except TypeError:
pass
if
isinstance(body, str):
return len(body)
return None
def __init__(self, host, port=None, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
source_address=None, blocksize=8192):
self.timeout = timeout
self.source_address = source_address
self.blocksize = blocksize
self.sock = None
self._buffer = []
self.__response = None
self.__state = _CS_IDLE
self._method = None
self._tunnel_host = None
self._tunnel_port = None
self._tunnel_headers = {}
(self.host, self.port) = self._get_hostport(host, port)
self._validate_host(self.host)
# Th
is is stored as an instance variable to allow unit
# tests to replace it with a suitable mockup
self._create_connection = socket.create_connection
def set_tunnel(self, host, port=None, headers=None):
"""Set up host and port for HTTP CONNECT tunnelling.
In a connection that uses HTTP CONNECT tunneling, the host passed to the
constructor
is used as a proxy server that relays all communication to
the endpoint passed to `set_tunnel`. Th
is done by sending an HTTP
CONNECT request to the proxy server when the connection
is establ
ished.
Th
is method must be called before the HTTP connection has been
establ
ished.
The headers argument should be a mapping of extra HTTP headers to send
with the CONNECT request.
"""
if self.sock:
ra
ise RuntimeError("Can't set up tunnel for establ
ished connection")
self._tunnel_host, self._tunnel_port = self._get_hostport(host, port)
if headers:
self._tunnel_headers = headers
else:
self._tunnel_headers.clear()
def _get_hostport(self, host, port):
if port
is None:
i = host.rfind(':')
j = host.rfind(']') # ipv6 addresses have [...]
if i > j:
try:
port = int(host[i+1:])
except ValueError:
if host[i+1:] == "": # http://foo.com:/ == http://foo.com/
port = self.default_port
else:
ra
ise InvalidURL("nonnumeric port: '%s'" % host[i+1:])
host = host[:i]
else:
port = self.default_port
if host and host[0] == '[' and host[-1] == ']':
host = host[1:-1]
return (host, port)
def set_debuglevel(self, level):
self.debuglevel = level
def _tunnel(self):
connect = b"CONNECT %s:%d HTTP/1.0\r\n" % (
self._tunnel_host.encode("ascii"), self._tunnel_port)
headers = [connect]
for header, value in self._tunnel_headers.items():
headers.append(f"{header}: {value}\r\n".encode("latin-1"))
headers.append(b"\r\n")
# Making a single send() call instead of one per line encourages
# the host OS to use a more optimal
packet size instead of
# potentially emitting a series of small
packets.
self.send(b"".join(headers))
del headers
response = self.response_class(self.sock, method=self._method)
(version, code, message) = response._read_status()
if code != http.HTTPStatus.OK:
self.close()
ra
ise OSError(f"Tunnel connection failed: {code} {message.strip()}")
while True:
line = response.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
ra
ise Line
TooLong("header line")
if not line:
# for sites which EOF without sending a trailer
break
if line in (b'\r\n', b'\n', b''):
break
if self.debuglevel > 0:
print('header:', line.decode())
def connect(self):
"""Connect to the host and port specified in __init__."""
sys.audit("http.client.connect", self, self.host, self.port)
self.sock = self._create_connection(
(self.host,self.port), self.timeout, self.source_address)
# Might fail in OSs that don't implement TCP_NODELAY
try:
self.sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno != errno.ENOPRO
TOOPT:
ra
ise
if self._tunnel_host:
self._tunnel()
def close(self):
"""Close the connection to the HTTP server."""
self.__state = _CS_IDLE
try:
sock = self.sock
if sock:
self.sock = None
sock.close() # close it manually... there may be other refs
finally:
response = self.__response
if response:
self.__response = None
response.close()
def send(self, data):
"""Send `data' to the server.
``data`` can be a string object, a bytes object, an array object, a
file-like object that supports a .read() method, or an iterable object.
"""
if self.sock
is None:
if self.auto_open:
self.connect()
else:
ra
ise NotConnected()
if self.debuglevel > 0:
print("send:", repr(data))
if hasattr(data, "read") :
if self.debuglevel > 0:
print("sendIng a read()able")
encode = self._
is_textIO(data)
if encode and self.debuglevel > 0:
print("encoding file using
iso-8859-1")
while 1:
datablock = data.read(self.blocksize)
if not datablock:
break
if encode:
datablock = datablock.encode("
iso-8859-1")
sys.audit("http.client.send", self, datablock)
self.sock.sendall(datablock)
return
sys.audit("http.client.send", self, data)
try:
self.sock.sendall(data)
except TypeError:
if
isinstance(data, collections.abc.Iterable):
for d in data:
self.sock.sendall(d)
else:
ra
ise TypeError("data should be a bytes-like object "
"or an iterable, got %r" % type(data))
def _output(self, s):
"""Add a line of output to the current request buffer.
Assumes that the line does *not* end with \\r\\n.
"""
self._buffer.append(s)
def _read_readable(self, readable):
if self.debuglevel > 0:
print("sendIng a read()able")
encode = self._
is_textIO(readable)
if encode and self.debuglevel > 0:
print("encoding file using
iso-8859-1")
while True:
datablock = readable.read(self.blocksize)
if not datablock:
break
if encode:
datablock = datablock.encode("
iso-8859-1")
yield datablock
def _send_output(self, message_body=None, encode_chunked=False):
"""Send the currently buffered request and clear the buffer.
Appends an extra \\r\\n to the buffer.
A message_body may be specified, to be appended to the request.
"""
self._buffer.extend((b"", b""))
msg = b"\r\n".join(self._buffer)
del self._buffer[:]
self.send(msg)
if message_body
is not None:
# create a cons
istent interface to message_body
if hasattr(message_body, 'read'):
# Let file-like take precedence over byte-like. Th
is
#
is needed to allow the current position of mmap'ed
# files to be taken into account.
chunks = self._read_readable(message_body)
else:
try:
# th
is is solely to check to see if message_body
# implements the buffer API. it /would/ be easier
# to capture if PyObject_CheckBuffer was exposed
# to Python.
memoryview(message_body)
except TypeError:
try:
chunks = iter(message_body)
except TypeError:
ra
ise TypeError("message_body should be a bytes-like "
"object or an iterable, got %r"
% type(message_body))
else:
# the object implements the buffer interface and
# can be passed directly into socket methods
chunks = (message_body,)
for chunk in chunks:
if not chunk:
if self.debuglevel > 0:
print('Zero length chunk ignored')
continue
if encode_chunked and self._http_vsn == 11:
# chunked encoding
chunk = f'{len(chunk):X}\r\n'.encode('ascii') + chunk \
+ b'\r\n'
self.send(chunk)
if encode_chunked and self._http_vsn == 11:
# end chunked transfer
self.send(b'0\r\n\r\n')
def putrequest(self, method, url, skip_host=False,
skip_accept_encoding=False):
"""Send a request to the server.
`method' specifies an HTTP request method, e.g. 'GET'.
`url' specifies the object being requested, e.g. '/index.html'.
`skip_host' if True does not add automatically a 'Host:' header
`skip_accept_encoding' if True does not add automatically an
'Accept-Encoding:' header
"""
# if a prior response has been completed, then forget about it.
if self.__response and self.__response.
isclosed():
self.__response = None
# in certain cases, we cannot
issue another request on th
is connection.
# th
is occurs when:
# 1) we are in the process of sending a request. (_CS_REQ_STARTED)
# 2) a response to a previous request has signalled that it
is going
# to close the connection upon completion.
# 3) the headers for the previous response have not been read, thus
# we cannot determine whether point (2)
is true. (_CS_REQ_SENT)
#
# if there
is no prior response, then we can request at will.
#
# if point (2)
is true, then we will have passed the socket to the
# response (effectively meaning, "there
is no prior response"), and
# will open a new one when a new request
is made.
#
# Note: if a prior response ex
ists, then we *can* start a new request.
# We are not allowed to begin fetching the response to th
is new
# request, however, until that prior response
is complete.
#
if self.__state == _CS_IDLE:
self.__state = _CS_REQ_STARTED
else:
ra
ise CannotSendRequest(self.__state)
self._validate_method(method)
# Save the method for use later in the response phase
self._method = method
url = url or '/'
self._validate_path(url)
request = '%s %s %s' % (method, url, self._http_vsn_str)
self._output(self._encode_request(request))
if self._http_vsn == 11:
#
Issue some standard headers for better HTTP/1.1 compliance
if not skip_host:
# th
is header
is issued *only* for HTTP/1.1
# connections. more specifically, th
is means it
is
# only
issued when the client uses the new
# HTTPConnection() class. backwards-compat clients
# will be using HTTP/1.0 and those clients may be
#
issuing th
is header themselves. we should NOT
issue
# it twice; some web servers (such as Apache) barf
# when they see two Host: headers
# If we need a non-standard port,include it in the
# header. If the request
is going through a proxy,
# but the host of the actual URL, not the host of the
# proxy.
netloc = ''
if url.startswith('http'):
nil, netloc, nil, nil, nil = urlsplit(url)
if netloc:
try:
netloc_enc = netloc.encode("ascii")
except UnicodeEncodeError:
netloc_enc = netloc.encode("idna")
self.putheader('Host', netloc_enc)
else:
if self._tunnel_host:
host = self._tunnel_host
port = self._tunnel_port
else:
host = self.host
port = self.port
try:
host_enc = host.encode("ascii")
except UnicodeEncodeError:
host_enc = host.encode("idna")
# As per RFC 273, IPv6 address should be wrapped with []
# when used as Host header
if host.find(':') >= 0:
host_enc = b'[' + host_enc + b']'
if port == self.default_port:
self.putheader('Host', host_enc)
else:
host_enc = host_enc.decode("ascii")
self.putheader('Host', "%s:%s" % (host_enc, port))
# note: we are assuming that clients will not attempt to set these
# headers since *th
is* library must deal with the
# consequences. th
is also means that when the supporting
# libraries are updated to recognize other forms, then th
is
# code should be changed (removed or updated).
# we only want a Content-Encoding of "identity" since we don't
# support encodings such as x-gzip or x-deflate.
if not skip_accept_encoding:
self.putheader('Accept-Encoding', 'identity')
# we can accept "chunked" Transfer-Encodings, but no others
# NOTE: no TE header implies *only* "chunked"
#self.putheader('TE', 'chunked')
# if TE
is supplied in the header, then it must appear in a
# Connection header.
#self.putheader('Connection', 'TE')
else:
# For HTTP/1.0, the server will assume "not chunked"
pass
def _encode_request(self, request):
# ASCII also helps prevent CVE-2019-9740.
return request.encode('ascii')
def _validate_method(self, method):
"""Validate a method name for putrequest."""
# prevent http header injection
match = _contains_d
isallowed_method_pchar_re.search(method)
if match:
ra
ise ValueError(
f"method can't contain control characters. {method!r} "
f"(found at least {match.group()!r})")
def _validate_path(self, url):
"""Validate a url for putrequest."""
# Prevent CVE-2019-9740.
match = _contains_d
isallowed_url_pchar_re.search(url)
if match:
ra
ise InvalidURL(f"URL can't contain control characters. {url!r} "
f"(found at least {match.group()!r})")
def _validate_host(self, host):
"""Validate a host so it doesn't contain control characters."""
# Prevent CVE-2019-18348.
match = _contains_d
isallowed_url_pchar_re.search(host)
if match:
ra
ise InvalidURL(f"URL can't contain control characters. {host!r} "
f"(found at least {match.group()!r})")
def putheader(self, header, *values):
"""Send a request header line to the server.
For example: h.putheader('Accept', 'text/html')
"""
if self.__state != _CS_REQ_STARTED:
ra
ise CannotSendHeader()
if hasattr(header, 'encode'):
header = header.encode('ascii')
if not _
is_legal_header_name(header):
ra
ise ValueError('Invalid header name %r' % (header,))
values = l
ist(values)
for i, one_value in enumerate(values):
if hasattr(one_value, 'encode'):
values[i] = one_value.encode('latin-1')
elif
isinstance(one_value, int):
values[i] = str(one_value).encode('ascii')
if _
is_illegal_header_value(values[i]):
ra
ise ValueError('Invalid header value %r' % (values[i],))
value = b'\r\n\t'.join(values)
header = header + b': ' + value
self._output(header)
def endheaders(self, message_body=None, *, encode_chunked=False):
"""Indicate that the last header line has been sent to the server.
Th
is method sends the request to the server. The optional message_body
argument can be used to pass a message body associated with the
request.
"""
if self.__state == _CS_REQ_STARTED:
self.__state = _CS_REQ_SENT
else:
ra
ise CannotSendHeader()
self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers={}, *,
encode_chunked=False):
"""Send a complete request to the server."""
self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
def _send_request(self, method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked):
# Honor explicitly requested Host: and Accept-Encoding: headers.
header_names = frozenset(k.lower() for k in headers)
skips = {}
if 'host' in header_names:
skips['skip_host'] = 1
if 'accept-encoding' in header_names:
skips['skip_accept_encoding'] = 1
self.putrequest(method, url, **skips)
# chunked encoding will happen if HTTP/1.1
is used and either
# the caller passes encode_chunked=True or the following
# conditions hold:
# 1. content-length has not been explicitly set
# 2. the body
is a file or iterable, but not a str or bytes-like
# 3. Transfer-Encoding has NOT been explicitly set by the caller
if 'content-length' not in header_names:
# only chunk body if not explicitly set for backwards
# compatibility, assuming the client code
is already handling the
# chunking
if 'transfer-encoding' not in header_names:
# if content-length cannot be automatically determined, fall
# back to chunked encoding
encode_chunked = False
content_length = self._get_content_length(body, method)
if content_length
is None:
if body
is not None:
if self.debuglevel > 0:
print('Unable to determine size of %r' % body)
encode_chunked = True
self.putheader('Transfer-Encoding', 'chunked')
else:
self.putheader('Content-Length', str(content_length))
else:
encode_chunked = False
for hdr, value in headers.items():
self.putheader(hdr, value)
if
isinstance(body, str):
# RFC 2616 Section 3.7.1 says that text default has a
# default charset of
iso-8859-1.
body = _encode(body, 'body')
self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
def getresponse(self):
"""Get the response from the server.
If the HTTPConnection
is in the correct state, returns an
instance of HTTPResponse or of whatever object
is returned by
the response_class variable.
If a request has not been sent or if a previous response has
not be handled, ResponseNotReady
is ra
ised. If the HTTP
response indicates that the connection should be closed, then
it will be closed before the response
is returned. When the
connection
is closed, the underlying socket
is closed.
"""
# if a prior response has been completed, then forget about it.
if self.__response and self.__response.
isclosed():
self.__response = None
# if a prior response ex
ists, then it must be completed (otherw
ise, we
# cannot read th
is response's header to determine the connection-close
# behavior)
#
# note: if a prior response ex
isted, but was connection-close, then the
# socket and response were made independent of th
is HTTPConnection
# object since a new request requires that we open a whole new
# connection
#
# th
is means the prior response had one of two states:
# 1) will_close: th
is connection was reset and the prior socket and
# response operate independently
# 2) pers
istent: the response was retained and we await its
#
isclosed() status to become true.
#
if self.__state != _CS_REQ_SENT or self.__response:
ra
ise ResponseNotReady(self.__state)
if self.debuglevel > 0:
response = self.response_class(self.sock, self.debuglevel,
method=self._method)
else:
response = self.response_class(self.sock, method=self._method)
try:
try:
response.begin()
except ConnectionError:
self.close()
ra
ise
assert response.will_close != _UNKNOWN
self.__state = _CS_IDLE
if response.will_close:
# th
is effectively passes the connection to the response
self.close()
else:
# remember th
is, so we can tell when it
is complete
self.__response = response
return response
except:
response.close()
ra
ise
try:
import ssl
except ImportError:
pass
else:
class HTTPSConnection(HTTPConnection):
"Th
is class allows communication via SSL."
default_port = HTTPS_PORT
# XXX Should key_file and cert_file be deprecated in favour of context?
def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None,
timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
source_address=None, *, context=None,
check_hostname=None, blocksize=8192):
super(HTTPSConnection, self).__init__(host, port, timeout,
source_address,
blocksize=blocksize)
if (key_file
is not None or cert_file
is not None or
check_hostname
is not None):
import warnings
warnings.warn("key_file, cert_file and check_hostname are "
"deprecated, use a custom context instead.",
DeprecationWarning, 2)
self.key_file = key_file
self.cert_file = cert_file
if context
is None:
context = ssl._create_default_https_context()
# send ALPN extension to indicate HTTP/1.1 protocol
if self._http_vsn == 11:
context.set_alpn_protocols(['http/1.1'])
# enable PHA for TLS 1.3 connections if available
if context.post_handshake_auth
is not None:
context.post_handshake_auth = True
will_verify = context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE
if check_hostname
is None:
check_hostname = context.check_hostname
if check_hostname and not will_verify:
ra
ise ValueError("check_hostname needs a SSL context with "
"either CERT_OPTIONAL or CERT_REQUIRED")
if key_file or cert_file:
context.load_cert_chain(cert_file, key_file)
# cert and key file means the user wants to authenticate.
# enable TLS 1.3 PHA implicitly even for custom contexts.
if context.post_handshake_auth
is not None:
context.post_handshake_auth = True
self._context = context
if check_hostname
is not None:
self._context.check_hostname = check_hostname
def connect(self):
"Connect to a host on a given (SSL) port."
super().connect()
if self._tunnel_host:
server_hostname = self._tunnel_host
else:
server_hostname = self.host
self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(self.sock,
server_hostname=server_hostname)
__all__.append("HTTPSConnection")
class HTTPException(Exception):
# Subclasses that define an __init__ must call Exception.__init__
# or define self.args. Otherw
ise, str() will fail.
pass
class NotConnected(HTTPException):
pass
class InvalidURL(HTTPException):
pass
class UnknownProtocol(HTTPException):
def __init__(self, version):
self.args = version,
self.version = version
class UnknownTransferEncoding(HTTPException):
pass
class UnimplementedFileMode(HTTPException):
pass
class IncompleteRead(HTTPException):
def __init__(self, partial, expected=None):
self.args = partial,
self.partial = partial
self.expected = expected
def __repr__(self):
if self.expected
is not None:
e = ', %i more expected' % self.expected
else:
e = ''
return '%s(%i bytes read%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__,
len(self.partial), e)
__str__ = object.__str__
class ImproperConnectionState(HTTPException):
pass
class CannotSendRequest(ImproperConnectionState):
pass
class CannotSendHeader(ImproperConnectionState):
pass
class ResponseNotReady(ImproperConnectionState):
pass
class BadStatusLine(HTTPException):
def __init__(self, line):
if not line:
line = repr(line)
self.args = line,
self.line = line
class Line
TooLong(HTTPException):
def __init__(self, line_type):
HTTPException.__init__(self, "got more than %d bytes when reading %s"
% (_MAXLINE, line_type))
class
RemoteD
isconnected(ConnectionResetError, BadStatusLine):
def __init__(self, *pos, **kw):
BadStatusLine.__init__(self, "")
ConnectionResetError.__init__(self, *pos, **kw)
# for backwards compatibility
error = HTTPException
解析这些代码 怎么联接这个服务器
本文介绍了解决GDB7.6在远程调试过程中出现的‘g’包回复过长问题的方法。通过修改GDB源码或正确设置CPU架构的方式可以有效避免这一错误，确保调试过程顺利进行。
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