Play框架功能测试 (functional test in play framework)

本文介绍如何在Play框架中集成JUnit进行功能测试,包括创建模型、控制器及配置路由等步骤,并通过具体示例展示了测试过程。

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Play框架中已经集成了junit框架,大家可以非常方便的进行功能测试,这里我展现一个测试新增的例子,其他的大家可以照这个例子深入。 首先需要在app/modules包中定义一个Beat类,app/controllers中定义一个控制器Beats,同时需要定义个被测试的方法,并在conf/routes配置该方法的url地址,分别如下: app/modules/Beat.Java:

package models;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import play.db.jpa.GenericModel;
@Entity
@Table(name = "beat")
public class Beat extends GenericModel {
	@Id
	public Long id;
	public String words;
	public Long count;
	public Long attime;
}

app/controllers/Beats.java:

package controllers;

import play.db.jpa.JPABase;
import play.mvc.Controller;
import models.Beat;

public class Beats extends Controller{
	public static void add(Beat beat){
		boolean result = beat.create();
		renderText(result);
	}
}

conf/routes片段:

POST        /beat                Beats.add

Play中用yaml格式文件作为测试的数据存储。也提供了相应的解析方法。这里我们将测试的数据分成两部分,一部分用作模拟数据库数据,程序启动的时候,会将这部分数据加载到内存数据库中。另一部作为请求的数据,每次请求的时候会用到。对应的会有两个yaml文件,test/yml/db/beat.yml 和 test/yml/request/beats.yml。 test/yml/db/beat.yml:

Beat(b1):
  id: 1001
  words: this is a happay word
  count: 0
  
Beat(b2):
  id: 1002
  words: preo jobs
  count: 2

test/yml/request/beats.yml:

add_normal:
  beat.id: '1003'
  beat.words: third feel is unok
  beat.count: '0'

这样我们就可以进行功能测试,功能测试类必须继承FunctionalTest,继承之后就可以使用play给我们预置的各种assert方法,还有junit的注解标签。如:test/function/BeatsTest.java。内容:

package function;

import java.util.Map;
import models.Beat;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import play.db.jpa.JPA;
import play.mvc.Http.Response;
import play.test.Fixtures;
import play.test.FunctionalTest;

public class BeatsTest extends FunctionalTest{
	Map allRequstMap =null;
	
	@Before
	public void init(){
		allRequstMap = (Map)Fixtures.loadYamlAsMap("yml/request/beats.yml");
    	if(!JPA.em().getTransaction().isActive()){
    		JPA.em().getTransaction().begin();
    	}
    	
    	Fixtures.delete(Beat.class);
    	Fixtures.loadModels("yml/db/beat.yml");
    	JPA.em().getTransaction().commit();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testAdd(){
		int beforeRequestSize = Beat.findAll().size();
		
		Map map = allRequstMap.get("add_normal");
		Response response = POST("/beat", map);
		assertIsOk(response);
		
		int afterRequestSize = Beat.findAll().size();
		assertEquals(beforeRequestSize, afterRequestSize - 1);
		
		Beat beat = Beat.findById(Long.parseLong(map.get("beat.id")));
		assertNotNull(beat);
		
		String result = response.out.toString();
		assertFalse("null".equals(result));
		assertEquals("true", result);
	} 
}

每次执行@Test方法时,都要先执行init,在init方法中,Fixtures加载解析yaml文件。分别将两个yml文件放入map与内存数据库中。 在testAdd中,使用了FunctionalTest预置的POST发起请求,当然还有其他如PUT/GET/DELETE方法,FunctionalTest也预置的许多assert方法,方便大家的使用,大家可以自己查看API或者源码。

### Page Object Pattern Framework Assertion Implementation and Usage In the context of test automation frameworks, particularly those utilizing the Page Object Model (POM), assertions play a critical role in validating that web applications behave as expected. Assertions are checks within tests that verify specific conditions or states. Assertions can be implemented directly within page object methods to encapsulate verification logic closely related to UI elements[^1]. This approach ensures that each interaction with an element is followed by immediate validation without cluttering the actual test cases. For instance: ```java public class LoginPage { private WebDriver driver; public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) { this.driver = driver; } public void assertLoginErrorDisplayed() { WebElement errorElement = driver.findElement(By.id("login-error")); Assert.assertTrue(errorElement.isDisplayed(), "Login error message should be displayed"); } } ``` Alternatively, assertions may reside outside the page objects inside dedicated test classes where more complex business rules might need evaluation after performing multiple actions across different pages. In such scenarios, custom assertion libraries like Hamcrest matchers could provide greater flexibility compared to standard JUnit/TestNG asserts. Using fluent interfaces provided by these matcher-based tools allows constructing readable and maintainable code snippets for checking various aspects of application state during testing sessions. #### Example Using Fluent Assertions Library ```csharp using FluentAssertions; // Within Test Class [TestMethod] public void VerifySuccessfulLogin() { var loginPage = new LoginPage(driver); var dashboardPage = loginPage.LoginWithValidCredentials(); // Perform detailed verifications on resulting page content dashboardPage.GetWelcomeMessage().Should().BeEquivalentTo("Hello John Doe!"); } ``` By integrating robust assertion mechanisms into POM designs, testers gain powerful capabilities not only limited to simple presence checks but extending towards comprehensive evaluations covering functional correctness at every step throughout automated workflows.
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