配置ssh-host-config

本文详细指导如何配置SSH主机并安装服务,包括创建默认配置文件、设置权限分离、创建特殊用户账号等步骤。

摘要生成于 C知道 ,由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持, 前往体验 >

配置ssh-host-config:



LONMID@LONMID-PC ~
$ ssh-host-config
*** Query: Overwrite existing /etc/ssh_config file? (yes/no)
yes
*** Info: Creating default /etc/ssh_config file
*** Query: Overwrite existing /etc/sshd_config file? (yes/no) yes
*** Info: Creating default /etc/sshd_config file
*** Info: Privilege separation is set to yes by default since OpenSSH 3.3.
*** Info: However, this requires a non-privileged account called 'sshd'.
*** Info: For more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/READ
ME.privsep.
*** Query: Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) yes
*** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account have(管理员身份运行Cygwin bat)
*** Info: Administrator privileges. 
Should this script attempt to create a
*** Query: new local account 'sshd'? (yes/no) yes
*** Info: Updating /etc/sshd_config file


*** Warning: The following functions require administrator privileges!

*** Query: Do you want to install sshd as a service?
*** Query: (Say "no" if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no) yes
*** Query: Enter the value of CYGWIN for the daemon: [](我不填,直接回车)
*** Info: On Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and above, the
*** Info: SYSTEM account cannot setuid to other users -- a capability
*** Info: sshd requires.  You need to have or to create a privileged
*** Info: account.  This script will help you do so.

*** Info: You appear to be running Windows XP 64bit, Windows 2003 Server,
*** Info: or later.  On these systems, it's not possible to use the LocalSystem
*** Info: account for services that can change the user id without an
*** Info: explicit password (such as passwordless logins [e.g. public key
*** Info: authentication] via sshd).

*** Info: If you want to enable that functionality, it's required to create
*** Info: a new account with special privileges (unless a similar account
*** Info: already exists). This account is then used to run these special
*** Info: servers.

*** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account
*** Info: have Administrator privileges itself.

*** Info: No privileged account could be found.

*** Info: This script plans to use 'cyg_server'.
*** Info: 'cyg_server' will only be used by registered services.
*** Query: Do you want to use a different name? (yes/no) yes
*** Query: Enter the new user name: macrotea
*** Query: Reenter: macrotea

*** Query: Create new privileged user account 'macrotea'? (yes/no) yes
*** Info: Please enter a password for new user macrotea.  Please be sure
*** Info: that this password matches the password rules given on your system.
*** Info: Entering no password will exit the configuration.
*** Query: Please enter the password:
*** Query: Reenter:

*** Info: User 'macrotea' has been created with password 'asdf'.
*** Info: If you change the password, please remember also to change the
*** Info: password for the installed services which use (or will soon use)
*** Info: the 'macrotea' account.

*** Info: Also keep in mind that the user 'macrotea' needs read permissions
*** Info: on all users' relevant files for the services running as 'macrotea'.
*** Info: In particular, for the sshd server all users' .ssh/authorized_keys
*** Info: files must have appropriate permissions to allow public key
*** Info: authentication. (Re-)running ssh-user-config for each user will set
*** Info: these permissions correctly. [Similar restrictions apply, for
*** Info: instance, for .rhosts files if the rshd server is running, etc].


*** Info: The sshd service has been installed under the 'macrotea'
*** Info: account.  To start the service now, call `net start sshd' or
*** Info: `cygrunsrv -S sshd'.  Otherwise, it will start automatically
*** Info: after the next reboot.

*** Info: Host configuration finished. Have fun!

LONMID@LONMID-PC ~
$

<think>我们正在讨论如何管理和清理SSH主机密钥(ssh-hostkeys)中的敏感信息。根据之前的上下文,我们知道在清理镜像时,使用virt-sysprep工具可以删除SSH主机密钥(通过--operationsssh-hostkeys选项)。此外,用户提供的引用中提到了SSH主机密钥变更的警告以及如何备份和编辑SSH配置文件。因此,我们需要提供关于管理和清理SSH主机密钥的解决方案,包括在虚拟机镜像清理中的操作,以及在已运行系统中如何操作。###解决方案####1.在虚拟机镜像清理中删除SSH主机密钥在清理虚拟机镜像(如qcow2格式)时,使用`virt-sysprep`工具可以安全地删除SSH主机密钥。这样在下次启动时,系统会自动生成新的密钥。```bash#使用virt-sysprep删除镜像中的SSH主机密钥sudovirt-sysprep-ayour-image.qcow2--operationsssh-hostkeys```####2.在已运行系统中重新生成SSH主机密钥如果系统已经运行,需要重新生成SSH主机密钥,可以执行以下步骤:**步骤1:删除现有的SSH主机密钥**```bash#删除当前系统中的SSH主机密钥sudorm/etc/ssh/ssh_host_*```**步骤2:重新生成SSH主机密钥**```bash#重新生成SSH主机密钥sudodpkg-reconfigureopenssh-server#或者使用sudossh-keygen-A```**步骤3:重启SSH服务**```bashsudosystemctlrestartssh```####3.清除客户端known_hosts文件中的旧密钥当服务器的主机密钥变更后,客户端连接时会出现警告(如引用[1]所示)。需要清除客户端`known_hosts`文件中对应的条目。**方法1:使用ssh-keygen命令删除指定主机的密钥**```bash#删除known_hosts中特定主机的记录ssh-keygen-Rhostname_or_ip#例如:ssh-keygen-R192.168.134.140```**方法2:手动编辑known_hosts文件**```bash#编辑~/.ssh/known_hosts文件,删除对应主机的行vi~/.ssh/known_hosts```####4.备份和恢复SSH主机密钥(可选)在删除或重新生成之前,建议备份原有的SSH主机密钥,以便需要时恢复。```bash#备份sudocp-r/etc/ssh/etc/ssh_backup#恢复(如果需要)sudorm-rf/etc/sshsudocp-r/etc/ssh_backup/etc/sshsudosystemctlrestartssh```####5.配置SSH服务以增强安全性(可选)参考引用[3],可以配置SSH服务以使用更安全的选项。例如,禁用不安全的密钥类型,仅允许使用强密钥。编辑`/etc/ssh/sshd_config`文件,可以设置:```config#仅使用强密钥算法HostKey/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_keyHostKey/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key#禁用不安全的算法#KexAlgorithmscurve25519-sha256@libssh.org,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256#Cipherschacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes128-ctr#MACshmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com```然后重启SSH服务。####6.解决旧客户端兼容性问题(引用[2])如果客户端较旧,可能需要指定密钥算法以兼容。```bashssh-oHostKeyAlgorithms=+ssh-rsauser@host```###注意事项1.**密钥重新生成的影响**:重新生成SSH主机密钥后,所有客户端都需要更新`known_hosts`文件,否则会收到警告。2.**安全风险**:定期更换SSH主机密钥可以减少密钥泄露带来的风险。3.**镜像清理**:在虚拟机镜像清理中删除密钥,可以确保每次从镜像启动的虚拟机都有唯一的主机密钥。###相关问题§§相关问题§§1.如何为虚拟机镜像生成新的SSH主机密钥?2.如何配置SSH服务以提高安全性?3.客户端出现“WARNING:REMOTEHOSTIDENTIFICATIONHASCHANGED”错误时如何处理?4.如何备份和恢复SSH主机密钥?5.在自动化部署中如何管理SSH主机密钥?</think>### SSH主机密钥管理与清理方案 #### 一、清理镜像中的SSH主机密钥(推荐方法) 使用`virt-sysprep`工具安全删除镜像中的敏感SSH密钥: ```bash sudo virt-sysprep -a your-image.qcow2 --operations ssh-hostkeys ``` **效果**: 1. 删除所有`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_*`密钥文件 2. 首次启动时自动生成新密钥 3. 避免密钥重用风险[^1] #### 二、运行系统中密钥管理 **1. 重新生成主机密钥**: ```bash sudo rm /etc/ssh/ssh_host_* # 删除旧密钥 sudo dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server # Debian/Ubuntu sudo ssh-keygen -A # 通用方法 sudo systemctl restart ssh ``` **2. 客户端known_hosts清理**: ```bash # 删除特定主机记录 ssh-keygen -R hostname_or_ip # 手动编辑文件 vi ~/.ssh/known_hosts # 删除对应行 ``` #### 三、安全加固配置(参考引用[3]) **编辑`/etc/ssh/sshd_config`**: ```config # 禁用弱算法 HostKeyAlgorithms ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512 KexAlgorithms curve25519-sha256 Ciphers chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com # 启用密钥轮换 HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key ``` ```bash sudo systemctl restart sshd ``` #### 四、密钥验证与兼容性处理 **1. 解决主机变更警告**: ```bash ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no user@host # 临时忽略(不安全) ssh -o HostKeyAlgorithms=+ssh-rsa user@host # 兼容旧算法[^2] ``` **2. 密钥指纹验证**: ```bash ssh-keygen -lf /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key # 查看服务器指纹 ssh-keyscan hostname | ssh-keygen -lf - # 获取远程指纹 ``` #### 五、自动化清理脚本示例 ```bash #!/bin/bash # 清理镜像SSH密钥 virt-sysprep -a $1 --operations ssh-hostkeys # 客户端known_hosts清理 sed -i '/old_host/d' ~/.ssh/known_hosts # 生成新密钥 guestfish -a $1 -i <<EOF rm /etc/ssh/ssh_host_* ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key -N "" EOF ``` ### 注意事项 1. **密钥轮换周期**:建议每90天更新主机密钥 2. **备份机制**:操作前备份`/etc/ssh`目录 3. **审计日志**:监控`/var/log/auth.log`的密钥变更事件 4. **兼容性**:旧客户端需保留`ssh-rsa`算法支持[^2] > 提示:在OpenStack环境中上传镜像时,使用`glance image-update`命令的`--property hw_ssh_key_delete=true`属性可触发自动密钥清理[^1]。
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值