使用SSM框架进行web项目的开发(SpringMVC+Spring+MyBatis)

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/m0_73290584/article/details/132049482

本文详细介绍了如何使用SSM框架（Spring+MyBatis+SpringMVC）构建一个MavenWeb项目，包括创建工程、添加依赖、配置数据库、Spring整合MyBatis和SpringMVC，以及编写测试代码和项目结构。

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一:背景介绍

SSM框架集合了Spring,MyBatis两个开源框架(SpringMVC是Spring中的部分内容),常用来开发数据源较为简单的web项目的框架

二:创建工程

1.新建一个Maven项目,选择根据maven-archetype-webapp这个原型构建web项目(之后就是根据提示一步步点即可)

2.项目创建完成以后.删除pom.xml文件中<name></name>后面的内容

3.在src目录下的main目录下手动创建缺失的目录(java,resources)

4.在pom.xml添加依赖和项目运行所需要的插件

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.6</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.47</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.16</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
        <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
        <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
            <configuration>
                <port>80</port>
                <path>/</path>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

5.创建如下项目包结构

三:Spring整合MyBatis

1.创建数据库和表的sql语句查询这里就不再展示了,不是本章节的研究重点

2.在resources目录下创建jdbc.properties文件,定义数据源(记得改成自己的配置)

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm_db
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

3.在config目录下编写jdbc的配置类JdbcConfig

//Jdbc配置类,加载properties配置项
public class JdbcConfig {
    @Value("${jdbc.driver}")
    private String driver;
    @Value("${jdbc.url}")
    private String url;
    @Value("${jdbc.username}")
    private String username;
    @Value("${jdbc.password}")
    private String password;

    //配置连接池
    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource(){
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(driver);
        dataSource.setUrl(url);
        dataSource.setUsername(username);
        dataSource.setPassword(password);
        return dataSource;
    }

    //配置Spring事务管理需要的平台事务管理器对象
    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(@Autowired DataSource datasource){
        DataSourceTransactionManager ds = new DataSourceTransactionManager();
        ds.setDataSource(datasource);
        return ds;
    }
}

4.在config目录下编写MyBatis的配置类MyBatisConfig

//编写MyBatis配置类
public class MyBatisConfig {
    @Bean  //定义SqlsessionfactoryBean
    public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactory(@Autowired DataSource dataSource) {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        factoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        factoryBean.setTypeAliasesPackage("com.example.domain");
        return factoryBean;
    }

    @Bean //定义映射配置
    public MapperScannerConfigurer mapperScannerConfigurer() {
        MapperScannerConfigurer msc = new MapperScannerConfigurer();
        msc.setBasePackage("com.example.dao");
        return msc;
    }

}

四:Spring整合SpringMVC

Spring的配置类代码

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.example.service"})
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")
@Import({JdbcConfig.class,MyBatisConfig.class})
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class SpringConfig {
}

Spring整合SpringMVC总共需要两步:

1.在config目录下编写SpringMVC的配置类SpringMvcConfig

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.example.controller")
@EnableWebMvc
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}

2.在config目录下编写ServletConfig配置类，加载SpringMvcConfig和SpringConfig配置类

public class ServletConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};
    }

    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class};
    }

    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }
}

五:功能代码编写

1.数据层开发(BookDao)

Book实体类

public class Book {
    private Integer id;
    private String type;
    private String name;
    private String description;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", description='" + description + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

   //变量的get方法和set方法省略自己利用构造器生成
}

BookDao接口

public interface BookDao {

    @Insert("insert into tbl_book(type,name,description)values(#{type},#{name},#{description})")
    public void save(Book book);

    @Update("update tbL_book set type=#{type},name=#{name}, description=#{description} where id =#{id}")
    public void update(Book book);

    @Delete("delete from tbl_book where id =#{id}")
    public void delete(Integer id);

    @Select("select * from tbl_book where id = #{id}")
    public Book getById(Integer id);

    @Select("select * from tbl_book")
    public List<Book> getAll();

}

2.业务层开发(BookServie&BookServiceImpl)

BookService接口

@Transactional //表示对所有方法进行事务管理
public interface BookService {
    /**
     * 保存图书
     * @param book
     * @return
     */
    public boolean save(Book book);

    /**
     * 修改图书内容
     * @param book
     * @return
     */
    public boolean update(Book book);

    /**
     * 根据id删除图书内容
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public boolean delete(Integer id);

    /**
     * 根据id查询图书内容
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public Book getById(Integer id);

    /**
     * 查询全部图书内容
     * @return
     */
    public List<Book> getAll();
}

BookServiceImpl实现类

@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
    @Autowired
    private BookDao bookDao;

    @Override
    public boolean save(Book book) {
        bookDao.save(book);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean update(Book book) {
        bookDao.update(book);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean delete(Integer id) {
        bookDao.delete(id);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public Book getById(Integer id) {
        return bookDao.getById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Book> getAll() {
        return bookDao.getAll();
    }
}

3. 表现层开发(BookController)

BookController控制器类(使用RESTful风格快速开发)

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {

    @Autowired
    private BookService bookService;

    @PostMapping
    public boolean save(@RequestBody Book book){
        return bookService.save(book);
    }

    @PutMapping
    public boolean update(@RequestBody Book book){
        return bookService.update(book);
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable Integer id){
        return bookService.delete(id);
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public Book getById(@PathVariable Integer id ){
        return bookService.getById(id);
    }

    @GetMapping
    public List<Book> getAll(){
        return bookService.getAll();
    }

}

六:测试运行

1.使用Junit测试业务层编写的方法(在test目录下创建com.example.service.BookServiceTest类)

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfig.class)
public class BookServiceTest {
    @Autowired
    private BookService bookService;

    @Test
    public void testGetById(){
        Book book = bookService.getById(1);
        System.out.println(book);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetAll(){
        List<Book> all = bookService.getAll();
        for (Book book : all) {
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }
}

2.使用postman测试表现层接口(根据不同业务选择不同的请求方式以及请求参数)

---如测试查询全部图书内容,选择GET请求,不携带任何参数,

请求路径为http://localhost:8080/springmvc_08_ssm/books

---如测试修改图书内容,选择POST请求,请求体中的json数据为

{
        "id": 8,
        "type": "计算机理论",
        "name": "计算机组成原理",
        "description": "你想要了解计算机组成原理的必备教材,值得拥有"
    }

请求路径为http://localhost:8080/springmvc_08_ssm/books

---如测试根据id删除指定图书内容,选择DELETE请求,携带任何参数为id=1

请求路径为http://localhost:8080/springmvc_08_ssm/books/9?id=9

七:最终项目结构

好啦, 一个简单的ssm项目就构建完成啦~,完结撒花