C#高级：递归3-根据数据列表生成一颗递归树

原创已于 2025-03-03 17:14:11 修改 · 654 阅读

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#c# #windows #数据库 #开发语言

于 2024-09-09 20:10:18 首次发布

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一、需求：

给小明一家生成族谱树

二、实现代码

using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System;
using System.Linq;


class Person
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public int? ParentID { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
}

class TreeDto : Person
{
    [JsonProperty(Order = 99)]
    public List<TreeDto> Children = new List<TreeDto>();
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
         List<Person> PersonList = new List<Person>()
        {
            new Person(){ Id=1,ParentID=null,Name="小明曾祖父",},
            new Person(){ Id=2,ParentID=1,Name="小明爷爷",},
            new Person(){ Id=3,ParentID=1,Name="小明二爷爷",},
            new Person(){ Id=4,ParentID=1,Name="小明三爷爷",},
            new Person(){ Id=5,ParentID=2,Name="小明爸爸",},
            new Person(){ Id=6,ParentID=2,Name="小明叔叔",},
            new Person(){ Id=7,ParentID=5,Name="小明本人",},
            new Person(){ Id=8,ParentID=5,Name="小明妹妹",},
            new Person(){ Id=9,ParentID=7,Name="小明儿子",}
        };
        TreeDto tree = BuildTree(PersonList);//传入列表根节点【小明曾祖父】
        var result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(tree);//实体=>JSON打印
        Console.WriteLine(result);
    }

    static TreeDto BuildTree(List<Person> PersonList,int? parentId=null) //入参：原始列表，父级ID  出参：满足父级ID的子级
    {
        var children = PersonList
            .Where(p => p.ParentID == parentId)//寻找子级
            .Select(p => new TreeDto
            {
                Id = p.Id,
                ParentID = p.ParentID,
                Name = p.Name,
                Children = BuildTree(PersonList,p.Id).Children //递归：寻找子级的子级
            })
            .ToList();

        return new TreeDto
        {
            Id = 0, //树根节点ID，可任意起名
            ParentID = 0, //树根节点PID，可任意起名
            Name = "族谱",
            Children = children
        };
    }
}

【效果】

{
    "Id": 0,
    "ParentID": 0,
    "Name": "族谱",
    "Children": [
        {
            "Id": 1,
            "ParentID": null,
            "Name": "小明曾祖父",
            "Children": [
                {
                    "Id": 2,
                    "ParentID": 1,
                    "Name": "小明爷爷",
                    "Children": [
                        {
                            "Id": 5,
                            "ParentID": 2,
                            "Name": "小明爸爸",
                            "Children": [
                                {
                                    "Id": 7,
                                    "ParentID": 5,
                                    "Name": "小明本人",
                                    "Children": [
                                        {
                                            "Id": 9,
                                            "ParentID": 7,
                                            "Name": "小明儿子",
                                            "Children": []
                                        }
                                    ]
                                },
                                {
                                    "Id": 8,
                                    "ParentID": 5,
                                    "Name": "小明妹妹",
                                    "Children": []
                                }
                            ]
                        },
                        {
                            "Id": 6,
                            "ParentID": 2,
                            "Name": "小明叔叔",
                            "Children": []
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "Id": 3,
                    "ParentID": 1,
                    "Name": "小明二爷爷",
                    "Children": []
                },
                {
                    "Id": 4,
                    "ParentID": 1,
                    "Name": "小明三爷爷",
                    "Children": []
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

三、递归代码

static TreeDto BuildTree(List<Person> PersonList,int? parentId=null) //入参：原始列表，父级ID  出参：满足父级ID的子级
{
    var children = PersonList
        .Where(p => p.ParentID == parentId)//寻找子级
        .Select(p => new TreeDto
        {
            Id = p.Id,
            ParentID = p.ParentID,
            Name = p.Name,
            Children = BuildTree(PersonList,p.Id).Children //递归：寻找子级的子级
        })
        .ToList();

    return new TreeDto
    {
        Id = 0, //树根节点ID，可任意起名
        ParentID = 0, //树根节点PID，可任意起名
        Name = "族谱",
        Children = children
    };
}

四、思考

1.设定序列化的字段顺序，例如将Children这个字段放最后面

2.如果根节点不想设为族谱，如何获取从曾祖父开始的递归树

将

var result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(tree);//族谱开始

改为

var result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(tree.Children.FirstOrDefault());//曾祖父开始

3.如果想在族谱上加一个根节点，如何操作

【代码】

TreeDto tree = BuildTree(PersonList);//传入列表根节点【小明曾祖父】
var newTree = new TreeDto
{
    Id = 1000,
    Name = "新增根节点",
    Children = new List<TreeDto>() { tree }
};
var result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(newTree);//实体=>JSON打印

【效果】