java——spring boot集成RabbitMQ——高级特效——可靠性投递总结——topic——路由模式——代码汇总...

最新推荐文章于 2025-10-21 18:35:24 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2025-10-21 18:35:24 发布 · 200 阅读

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文章标签：

#java-rabbitmq #rabbitmq #java #spring boot #分布式

文章详细介绍了如何通过RabbitMQ的确认机制确保消息的可靠性，包括发送到RMQ的确认、交换机到队列的返回机制以及队列到消费者的自动ACK改为手动ACK。示例代码展示了生产者和消费者端的配置，包括回调监听、消息发送、队列监听等，以保证消息的正确投递和处理。

可靠性在3个方面：

1、发送到到rmq——confirm机制；

2、交换机到队列——return机制；

3、队列到消费者——自动ack改为手动ack；

=========================================================================

生产者：

pom文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>springrmqtopicsender</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.5</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>


    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

yml文件：

server:
  port: 8082
spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
    publisher-confirm-type: correlated
    publisher-returns: true

回调机制：

package org.example.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.ReturnedMessage;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;

@Component
public class MyConfirmCallback implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback,RabbitTemplate.ReturnsCallback {

    //把监听器注入到RabbitTemplate中
    @Autowired
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;


    @PostConstruct
    public void init()
    {
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
        rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(this);

    }


    @Override
    public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {


        /**
         *
         * 生产者发送消息给交换机；交换机返回ack的同时，还会带一些消息云数据，云数据从correlationData中获得
         *
         * correlationData中包括：
         *
         *     private volatile String id;
         *
         *     private volatile ReturnedMessage returnedMessage;
         *
         *     ============================================================================
         *
         *     ack是个布尔值。如果生产者发送一个消息到交换机，交换机签收成功，返回true。否则返回false；
         *
         *     ================================================================================
         *
         *     cause：原因。ack返回false时，返回的具体原因
         *
         */

        String id = correlationData.getId();

        if(ack)
        {
            //消息投递成功
            System.out.println("消息投递成功：" + id);
        }
        else {
            //失败。存入到缓存中，通过定时任务，定时发送
            System.out.println("消息投递失败，原因" + cause);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void returnedMessage(ReturnedMessage returned) {
        /**
         * 当消息没有传递到队列的时候的回调方法：
         *
         *    private final Message message;
         *
         *     private final int replyCode;
         *
         *     private final String replyText;
         *
         *     private final String exchange;
         *
         *     private final String routingKey;
         *
         */

        System.out.println("消息" + returned.getMessage() + "没有成功投递到队列");
    }
}

定义交换机：

package org.example.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * 主题交换机
 * topic策略可以根据routingKey的规则(通配符方式)进行去匹配队列进行转发规则为*.#.*
 */
@Configuration
public class RabbitTopicConfig
{


    public final static String TOPIC_NAME = "amqp-topic";


    @Bean
    TopicExchange topicExchange()
    {

        return new TopicExchange(TOPIC_NAME,true,false);

    }


}

定义发送消息组件：

package org.example.sender;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * 消息生产者 发送消息
 */
@Component
public class MessageSender {

    @Autowired
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    /**
     * 发送消息
     * @param info
     */
    public void send(String info)
    {

        System.out.println("发送消息>>>"+info);

        CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData();

        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        System.out.println(uuid);

        correlationData.setId(uuid);

        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("amqp-topic","huawei.a",info,correlationData);
    }

}

定义发送消息控制器：

package org.example.controller;

import org.example.sender.MessageSender;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Auther: moerhai@qq.com
 * @Date: 2020/10/4 11:34
 */
@RestController
public class IndexController {

    @Autowired
    MessageSender messageSender;

    @RequestMapping("/index")
    public String index()
    {

        messageSender.send("中国——路由——华为");
        return "SUCCESS";
    }

}

启动服务：

package org.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloWorldApplication
{

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {

        SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldApplication.class, args);

    }
}

=====================================================================================

消费者：

pom文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>springrmqtopicreceiver</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>


    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.5</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>


    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

yml文件：

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
    #关闭自动ack，设置为手动ack
    listener:
      simple:
        acknowledge-mode: manual

配置文件：

package org.example.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * 主题交换机
 * topic策略可以根据routingKey的规则(通配符方式)进行去匹配队列进行转发规则为*.#.*
 */
@Configuration
public class RabbitTopicConfig {

    public final static String TOPIC_NAME = "amqp-topic";

    @Bean
    TopicExchange topicExchange(){
        return new TopicExchange(TOPIC_NAME,true,false);
    }

    @Bean
    Queue xiaomi(){
        return new Queue("xiaomi",true);
    }

    @Bean
    Queue huawei(){
        return new Queue("huawei",true);
    }

    @Bean
    Binding xiaomiBinding(){
        //xiaomi.#：表示消息的routingKey是以xiaomi开头的就会路由到xiaomi的队列
        return BindingBuilder.bind(xiaomi()).to(topicExchange()).with("xiaomi.#");
    }

    @Bean
    Binding huaweiBinding(){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(huawei()).to(topicExchange()).with("huawei.#");
    }
}

接收消息：

package org.example.receiver;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.IOException;


@Component
public class TopicReceiver {

    //分别监听名称为xiaomi、huawei的队列
    @RabbitListener(queues = "xiaomi")
    public void handlerXM(Message message,String msg, Channel channel) throws IOException {

        System.out.println("小米："+msg);

        //手动签收，不启动批量签收
        channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);

        System.out.println(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag());
    }


    @RabbitListener(queues = "huawei")
    public void handlerHW(Message message,String msg, Channel channel) throws IOException {


        System.out.println("华为："+msg);

        //手动签收，不启动批量签收
        //告诉rmq签收的消息的id。以及是否批量签收
        channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);

    }
}

启动服务：

package org.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloWorldApplication
{

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {

        SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldApplication.class, args);

    }
}