目录
7、忽略属性.......(exceptionsToIgnore)
一、概述及安装
1、简介
源码地址https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/releases中文文档
https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D就相当于之前我们讲解过的Hystrix,
主要特性
怎么玩
服务雪崩,服务降级,服务熔断,服务限流
2、安装
- 下载地址
Releases · alibaba/Sentinel · GitHubhttps://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/releases
- 下载jar包
- 下载后运行
需安装jdk8,8080端口不能被占用
java -jar 自己的jar包
- 运行完成后访问sentinel的控制台
登录账号密码均为sentinel
二、创建一个演示工程
1、建module
cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401
2、pom
<dependencies>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel-datasource-nacos 后续做持久化用到-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
<artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--openfeign-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件+actuator -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--日常通用jar包配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>4.6.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3、yml
server: port: 8401 spring: application: name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service cloud: nacos: server-addr: localhost:8848 sentinel: transport: #sentinel dashboard的地址 dashboard: localhost:8080 #默认8719端口,假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口 port: 8719
4、主启动
package com.xiaojiang; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient public class SentinelServiceApplication8401 { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SentinelServiceApplication8401.class,args); } }
5、controller
package com.xiaojiang.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; @RestController public class FlowLimitController { @GetMapping("/testA") public String testA(){ try { TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1000); }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } return "----testA"; } @GetMapping("/testB") public String testB(){ return "----testB"; } }
6、测试
- 打开nacos、并localhost:8848/nacos进行访问
- 启动sentinel
- 启动8401服务
- 打开sentinel管理台发现
7、sentinel的懒加载机制
需要执行一次访问即可
刷新后发现
成功 sentinel8080正在监控微服务8401
三、流控规则
1、流控模式
单击以下按钮新增流控
- 直接(默认)
配置如下
表示1秒钟内查询1次就是OK,若超过次数1,就直接-快速失败,报默认错误
当短时间多次访问localhost:8401/testA,就会触发以下错误(默认)
当阈值类型选择线程,则会限制并发的数量
- 关联
当关联的资源达到阈值时,就限流自己,当与A关联的资源B达到阀值后,就限流A自己
配置如下
postman模拟并发密集访问testB
当/testB达到阈值后,/testA会无法访问
- 链路
2、流控效果
- 直接->快速失败(默认的流控处理)
直接失败,抛出异常
源码:com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.controller.DefaultController
- 预热
公式:阈值除以coldFactor(默认值为3),经过预热时长后才会达到阈值
默认coldFactor为3,即请求 QPS 从 threshold / 3 开始,经预热时长逐渐升至设定的 QPS 阈值。
官方文档
https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6
默认 coldFactor 为 3,即请求QPS从(threshold / 3) 开始,经多少预热时长才逐渐升至设定的 QPS 阈值。
案例,阀值为10+预热时长设置5秒。
系统初始化的阀值为10 / 3 约等于3,即阀值刚开始为3;然后过了5秒后阀值才慢慢升高恢复到10
访问/textB快速刷新,刚开始无法访问,之后就可以访问了
- 排队等待
匀速排队,阈值必须设置为QPS
官方文档
https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6
测试时发现,就算达到了阈值,也不会报错,而是一个接着一个处理请求
四、降级规则
1、基本介绍
RT(平均响应时间,秒级)
平均响应时间 超出阈值 且 在时间窗口内通过的请求>=5,两个条件同时满足后触发降级
窗口期过后关闭断路器
RT最大4900(更大的需要通过-Dcsp.sentinel.statistic.max.rt=XXXX才能生效)
异常比列(秒级)
QPS >= 5 且异常比例(秒级统计)超过阈值时,触发降级;时间窗口结束后,关闭降级
异常数(分钟级)
异常数(分钟统计)超过阈值时,触发降级;时间窗口结束后,关闭降级
2、熔断机制
Sentinel 熔断降级会在调用链路中某个资源出现不稳定状态时(例如调用超时或异常比例升高),对这个资源的调用进行限制,
让请求快速失败,避免影响到其它的资源而导致级联错误。
当资源被降级后,在接下来的降级时间窗口之内,对该资源的调用都自动熔断(默认行为是抛出 DegradeException)。
Sentinel的断路器是没有半开状态的
3、什么是半开状态
半开的状态系统自动去检测是否请求有异常,
没有异常就关闭断路器恢复使用,
有异常则继续打开断路器不可用。具体可以参考Hystrix
4、降级策略实战--RT
- 简介
- 测试
测试代码
@GetMapping("/testD")
public String testD()
{
//暂停几秒钟线程
try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
log.info("testD 测试RT");
return "------testD";
}
配置
jmeter压测
新建一个线程组
启动
- 结论
我们希望200毫秒处理完本次任务,
如果超过200毫秒还没处理完,在未来1秒钟的时间窗口内,断路器打开(保险丝跳闸)微服务不可用,保险丝跳闸断电了
后续我停止jmeter,没有这么大的访问量了,断路器关闭(保险丝恢复),微服务恢复OK
可以看到平均RT为1000
5、降级策略实战--异常率
-
介绍
- 测试代码
@GetMapping("/testB")
public String testB()
{
log.info("testB 测试异常率");
int age = 10/0;
return "------testB";
}
- 配置
- jmeter压测
配置与上面一致
- 结论
按照上述配置,
单独访问一次,必然来一次报错一次(int age = 10/0),调一次错一次;
开启jmeter后,直接高并发发送请求,多次调用达到我们的配置条件了。
断路器开启(保险丝跳闸),微服务不可用了,不再报错error而是服务降级了。
6、降级策略实战--异常数
- 介绍
异常数是按照分钟统计的
时间窗口一定要大于等于60秒。
测试代码与上面一致
配置
- 结论
当访问/testB的第十次后,触发熔断,在窗口时间内无法访问
五、热点key限流
1、简介
- 何为热点
热点即经常访问的数据,很多时候我们希望统计或者限制某个热点数据中访问频次最高的TopN数据,并对其访问进行限流或者其它操作
- 官方文档
https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E7%82%B9%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E9%99%90%E6%B5%81
- 兜底方法
分为系统默认和客户自定义,两种
之前的case,限流出问题后,都是用sentinel系统默认的提示:Blocked by Sentinel (flow limiting)
我们能不能自定?类似hystrix,某个方法出问题了,就找对应的兜底降级方法?
2、配置兜底方法
@GetMapping("/testHotKey")
//相当于Hystrix的@HystrixCommand
@SentinelResource(value = "testHotKey" , blockHandler = "dealHandler")
public String testHotKey(@RequestParam(value = "p1",required = false) String p1,
@RequestParam(value = "p2",required = false) String p2){
return "----testHotKey";
}
//自定义的兜底方法
public String dealHandler(String p1,String p2 , BlockException exception){
return "-----dealHandler_testHotKey";
}
3、配置sentine
限流模式只支持QPS模式,固定写死了。(这才叫热点)
@SentinelResource注解的方法参数索引,0代表第一个参数,1代表第二个参数,以此类推
单机阀值以及统计窗口时长表示在此窗口时间超过阀值就限流。
上面的抓图就是第一个参数有值的话,1秒的QPS为1,超过就限流,限流后调用dealHandler_testHotKey支持方法。
4、测试
sentinel只会监控p1的访问次数,对p2不监控
http://localhost:8401/testHotKey?p1=4,访问频率超过设定的阈值,就会调用自己设置的兜底函数。
5、参数例外项(高级设置)
我们期望p1参数当它是某个特殊值时,它的限流值和平时不一样
假如当p1的值等于3时,它的阈值可以达到200
- 测试
http://localhost:8401/testHotKey?p1=3 ,时阈值为200
http://localhost:8401/testHotKey?p1=4,时阈值为1
- 注意
热点参数的注意点,参数必须是基本类型或者String
六、@SentinelResource
1、按资源名称限流+后续处理
- controller
@GetMapping("/testHotKey")
//相当于Hystrix的@HystrixCommand
@SentinelResource(value = "testHotKey" , blockHandler = "dealHandler")
public String testHotKey(@RequestParam(value = "p1",required = false) String p1,
@RequestParam(value = "p2",required = false) String p2){
return "----testHotKey";
}
//自定义的兜底方法
public String dealHandler(String p1,String p2 , BlockException exception){
return "-----dealHandler_testHotKey";
}
配置关系
表示1秒钟内查询次数大于1,就跑到我们自定义的处流,限流
2、按照Url地址限流+后续处理
如果按URL地址限流则会调用系统自定义的兜底方法
3、上面兜底方案面临的问题
1 系统默认的,没有体现我们自己的业务要求。
2 依照现有条件,我们自定义的处理方法又和业务代码耦合在一块,不直观。
3 每个业务方法都添加一个兜底的,那代码膨胀加剧。
4 全局统一的处理方法没有体现。
4、客户自定义限流处理逻辑
- 创建CustomerBlockHandler类用于自定义限流处理逻辑
- 配置CustomerBlockHandler类
package com.xiaojiang.myHandler;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.example.comsumer.entities.CommonResult;
public class CustomerBlockHandler {
//方法需是静态的
public static CommonResult handleException1(BlockException exception)
{
return new CommonResult(4441,"用户自定义的兜底方法"+exception.getClass().getCanonicalName()+"\t 服务不可用");
}
public static CommonResult handleException2(BlockException exception)
{
return new CommonResult(4442,"用户自定义的兜底方法"+exception.getClass().getCanonicalName()+"\t 服务不可用");
}
}
- 在controller中的配置
@SentinelResource(value = "byResource",
blockHandlerClass = CustomerBlockHandler.class,
blockHandler = "handleException1")
//produces:指定返回的数据类型是json
@GetMapping(value = "/byResource",produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
@SentinelResource(value = "byResource",
blockHandlerClass = CustomerBlockHandler.class,
blockHandler = "handleException1")
public CommonResult byResource()
{
return new CommonResult(200,"按资源名称限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial001"));
}
- sentinel中的配置
- 测试
5、一些@SentinelResource的参数
六、服务熔断功能
1、搭建测试环境
- 新建服务提供端9003/9004
建模块
新建cloudalibaba-provider-payment9003模块
pom
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.example</groupId> <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <!--日常通用jar包配置--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
yml
server:
port: 9003
spring:
application:
name: nacos-payment-provider
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
主启动
package com.xiaojiang; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient public class AlibabaProviderApplication9003 { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(AlibabaProviderApplication9003.class,args); } }
controller
package com.xiaojiang.controller; import com.example.comsumer.entities.CommonResult; import com.example.comsumer.entities.Payment; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.util.HashMap; @RestController public class PaymentController { @Value("${server.port}") private String serverPort; public static HashMap<Long,Payment> hashMap = new HashMap<>(); static { hashMap.put(1L,new Payment(1L,"28a8c1e3bc2742d8848569891fb42181")); hashMap.put(2L,new Payment(2L,"bba8c1e3bc2742d8848569891ac32182")); hashMap.put(3L,new Payment(3L,"6ua8c1e3bc2742d8848569891xt92183")); } @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}") public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id) { Payment payment = hashMap.get(id); CommonResult<Payment> result = new CommonResult(200,"from mysql,serverPort: "+serverPort,payment); return result; } }
9004与9003相同,只需改一下端口即可
- 消费端
建模块
cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order84
pom
<dependencies>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--日常通用jar包配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
yml
server: port: 84 spring: application: name: nacos-order-consumer cloud: nacos: discovery: server-addr: localhost:8848 sentinel: transport: #配置Sentinel dashboard地址 dashboard: localhost:8080 #默认8719端口,假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口 port: 8719 #消费者将要去访问的微服务名称(注册成功进nacos的微服务提供者) service-url: nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider
主启动
package com.xiaojiang; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient public class NacosOrder84 { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(NacosOrder84.class,args); } }
conf
package com.xiaojiang.conf; import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @Configuration public class ApplicationContextConfig { @Bean @LoadBalanced public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){ return new RestTemplate(); } }
controller
package com.xiaojiang.controller;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.SentinelResource;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.example.comsumer.entities.CommonResult;
import com.example.comsumer.entities.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/fallback/{id}",produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback" )
public CommonResult<Payment> fallback1(@PathVariable Long id)
{
CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
if (id == 4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
}else if (result.getData() == null) {
throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
}
return result;
}
}
2、目的
fallback管运行异常
blockHandler管配置违规
3、什么都没配的情况下
测试地址http://localhost:84/consumer/fallback/1正常
http:localhost:84/consumer/fallback/4
返回error page,不友好
4、配置fallback(服务降级)
package com.xiaojiang.controller;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.SentinelResource;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.example.comsumer.entities.CommonResult;
import com.example.comsumer.entities.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/fallback/{id}",produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback" , fallback = "handlerFallback")
public CommonResult<Payment> fallback1(@PathVariable Long id)
{
CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
if (id == 4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
}else if (result.getData() == null) {
throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
}
return result;
}
public CommonResult<Payment> handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e){
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<Payment>(444,"兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容 "+e.getMessage(),payment);
}
}
结果
说明
5、只配置blockHandler
package com.xiaojiang.controller;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.SentinelResource;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.example.comsumer.entities.CommonResult;
import com.example.comsumer.entities.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/fallback/{id}",produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback", blockHandler = "blockHandler")
public CommonResult<Payment> fallback1(@PathVariable Long id)
{
CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
if (id == 4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
}else if (result.getData() == null) {
throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
}
return result;
}
public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable Long id, BlockException blockException) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
}
}
配置一下sentinel
结果
6、同时配置fallback和blockHandler
package com.xiaojiang.controller;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.SentinelResource;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.example.comsumer.entities.CommonResult;
import com.example.comsumer.entities.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/fallback/{id}",produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback" , fallback = "handlerFallback",
blockHandler = "blockHandler")
public CommonResult<Payment> fallback1(@PathVariable Long id)
{
CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
if (id == 4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
}else if (result.getData() == null) {
throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
}
return result;
}
public CommonResult<Payment> handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e){
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<Payment>(444,"兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容 "+e.getMessage(),payment);
}
public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable Long id, BlockException blockException) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
}
}
在sentinel中进行配置
结果
若 blockHandler 和 fallback 都进行了配置,则被限流降级而抛出 BlockException 时只会进入 blockHandler 处理逻辑。
7、忽略属性.......(exceptionsToIgnore)
package com.xiaojiang.controller;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.SentinelResource;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.example.comsumer.entities.CommonResult;
import com.example.comsumer.entities.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/fallback/{id}",produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback" , fallback = "handlerFallback",
blockHandler = "blockHandler",exceptionsToIgnore = {IllegalArgumentException.class})
public CommonResult<Payment> fallback1(@PathVariable Long id)
{
CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
if (id == 4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
}else if (result.getData() == null) {
throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
}
return result;
}
public CommonResult<Payment> handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e){
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<Payment>(444,"兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容 "+e.getMessage(),payment);
}
public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable Long id, BlockException blockException) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
}
}
结果
七、sentinel整合openFeig
1、测试环境搭建
修改84模块
pom添加以下坐标
<!--SpringCloud openfeign -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
yml
# 激活Sentinel对Feign的支持 feign: sentinel: enabled: true
新建一个service包,创建带@FeignClient注解的业务接口
package com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.service;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.entities.CommonResult;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.entities.Payment;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
/**
* @auther zzyy
* @create 2019-12-10 17:17
* 使用 fallback 方式是无法获取异常信息的,
* 如果想要获取异常信息,可以使用 fallbackFactory参数
*/
@FeignClient(value = "nacos-payment-provider",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)//调用中关闭9003服务提供者
public interface PaymentService
{
@GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}
用PaymentFallbackService实现这个接口
package com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.service;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.entities.CommonResult;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba.entities.Payment;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @auther zzyy
* @create 2019-12-10 17:18
*/
@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentService
{
@Override
public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(Long id)
{
return new CommonResult<>(444,"服务降级返回,没有该流水信息",new Payment(id, "errorSerial......"));
}
}
controller添加以下代码
//==================OpenFeign
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;
@GetMapping(value = "/consumer/openfeign/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
{
if(id == 4)
{
throw new RuntimeException("id");
}
return paymentService.paymentSQL(id);
}
主启动
package com.atguigu.springcloud.alibaba;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
/**
* @auther zzyy
* @create 2020-02-13 20:22
*/
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderNacosMain84
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain84.class, args);
}
}
测试时如果将服务提供者9003单机则服务降级调用PaymentFallbackService.class
八、各个熔断降级的比较
九、规则持久化
在模块8401下完成
1、pom坐标
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel-datasource-nacos 后续做持久化用到--> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId> <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId> </dependency>
2、yml
server:
port: 8401
spring:
application:
name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
cloud:
nacos:
server-addr: localhost:8848
sentinel:
transport:
#sentinel dashboard的地址
dashboard: localhost:8080
#默认8719端口,假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
port: 8719
datasource:
ds1:
nacos:
server-addr: localhost:8848
//对应的是nacos中的dataId
dataId: ${spring.application.name}
groupId: DEFAULT_GROUP
data-type: json
rule-type: flow
3、在nacos中进行配置
4、参数解析
resource:资源名称;
limitApp:来源应用;
grade:阈值类型,0表示线程数,1表示QPS;
count:单机阈值;
strategy:流控模式,0表示直接,1表示关联,2表示链路;
controlBehavior:流控效果,0表示快速失败,1表示Warm Up,2表示排队等待;
clusterMode:是否集群。
5、测试
启动8401后刷新sentinel发现业务规则有了
快速访问8401/rateLimit/byUrl
出现默认的兜底方法
在重启8401后sentinel中的规则还在
sentinel持久化完成