ubuntu下通过软件包管理命令aptitude来解决依赖冲突

1、问题复现

当安装某个软件包时（我遇到的是wine32）时，使用apt命令安装报错如下：

gj@017:~$ sudo apt install wine32
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树... 完成
正在读取状态信息... 完成                 
有一些软件包无法被安装。如果您用的是 unstable 发行版，这也许是
因为系统无法达到您要求的状态造成的。该版本中可能会有一些您需要的软件
包尚未被创建或是它们已被从新到(Incoming)目录移出。
下列信息可能会对解决问题有所帮助：

下列软件包有未满足的依赖关系：
 apt : 依赖: libapt-pkg6.0 (>= 2.4.13) 但是它将不会被安装
       依赖: libsystemd0 但无法安装它
 bsdutils : 预依赖: libsystemd0 但无法安装它
 init : 预依赖: systemd-sysv
 shim-signed : 依赖: grub-efi-amd64-signed (>= 1.187.2~) 但是它将不会被安装 或
                       grub-efi-arm64-signed (>= 1.187.2~) 但无法安装它
               依赖: grub2-common (>= 2.04-1ubuntu24)
 util-linux : 预依赖: libsystemd0 但无法安装它
              预依赖: libudev1 (>= 183) 但无法安装它
E: 错误，pkgProblemResolver::Resolve 发生故障，这可能是有软件包被要求保持现状的缘故。

2、解决步骤：

2.1、安装aptitude

sudo apt update
sudo apt install aptitude

2.2、执行aptitude命令

 sudo aptitude install wine32

然后aptitude会给出对应的解决方案，你可以同意，也可以不同意，如果不同意它会继续给其他解决方案，直接你觉得该方案可以满足同意即可。

下列动作将解决这些依赖关系：

       删除 下列软件包：                                                                 
1)       libwine [6.0.3~repack-1 (jammy, now)]                                           
2)       ocl-icd-libopencl1 [2.2.14-3 (jammy, now)]                                      
3)       systemd-timesyncd [249.11-0ubuntu3.12 (now)]                                    
4)       wine64 [6.0.3~repack-1 (jammy, now)]                                            

       安装 下列软件包：                                                                 
5)       libapparmor1:i386 [3.0.4-2ubuntu2.4 (jammy-security)]                           
6)       libasound2:i386 [1.2.6.1-1ubuntu1 (jammy)]                                      
7)       libasyncns0:i386 [0.8-6build2 (jammy)]                                          
8)       libbrotli1:i386 [1.0.9-2build6 (jammy)]                                         
9)       libbsd0:i386 [0.11.5-1 (jammy)]                                                 
10)      libcapi20-3:i386 [1:3.27-3 (jammy)]                                             
11)      libcurl4:i386 [7.81.0-1ubuntu1.20 (jammy-security)]                             
12)      libdbus-1-3:i386 [1.12.20-2ubuntu4.1 (jammy-security)]                          
13)      libdecor-0-0:i386 [0.1.0-3build1 (jammy)]                                       
14)      libdeflate0:i386 [1.10-2 (jammy)]                                               
15)      libdrm2:i386 [2.4.110-1ubuntu1 (jammy)]                                         
16)      libdw1:i386 [0.186-1build1 (jammy)]                                             
17)      libelf1:i386 [0.186-1build1 (jammy)]                                            
18)      libexif12:i386 [0.6.24-1build1 (jammy)]                                         
19)      libexpat1:i386 [2.4.7-1ubuntu0.5 (jammy-security)]                              
20)      libfaudio0:i386 [22.02-1 (jammy)]                                               
21)      libflac8:i386 [1.3.3-2ubuntu0.2 (jammy-security)]                               
22)      libfontconfig1:i386 [2.13.1-4.2ubuntu5 (jammy)]                                 
23)      libfreetype6:i386 [2.11.1+dfsg-1ubuntu0.2 (jammy-security)]                     
24)      libgbm1:i386 [22.0.1-1ubuntu2 (jammy)]                                          
25)      libgd3:i386 [2.3.0-2ubuntu2.3 (jammy-security)]                                 
26)      libgnutls30:i386 [3.7.3-4ubuntu1.5 (jammy-security)]                            
27)      libgphoto2-6:i386 [2.5.27-1build2 (jammy)]                                      
28)      libgphoto2-port12:i386 [2.5.27-1build2 (jammy)]                                 
29)      libgsm1:i386 [1.0.19-1 (jammy)]                                                 
30)      libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:i386 [1.20.1-1ubuntu0.4 (jammy-security)]        
31)      libgstreamer1.0-0:i386 [1.20.3-0ubuntu1.1 (jammy-security)]                     
32)      libhogweed6:i386 [3.7.3-1build2 (jammy)]                                        
33)      libicu70:i386 [70.1-2 (jammy)]                                                  
34)      libjbig0:i386 [2.1-3.1ubuntu0.22.04.1 (jammy-security)]                         
35)      libjpeg-turbo8:i386 [2.1.2-0ubuntu1 (jammy)]                                    
36)      libjpeg8:i386 [8c-2ubuntu10 (jammy)]                                            
37)      liblcms2-2:i386 [2.12~rc1-2build2 (jammy)]                                      
38)      libldap-2.5-0:i386 [2.5.16+dfsg-0ubuntu0.22.04.2 (jammy-security)]              
39)      libltdl7:i386 [2.4.6-15build2 (jammy)]                                          
40)      libmd0:i386 [1.0.4-1build1 (jammy)]                                             
41)      libmpg123-0:i386 [1.29.3-1ubuntu0.1 (jammy-security)]                           
42)      libnettle8:i386 [3.7.3-1build2 (jammy)]                                         
43)      libnghttp2-14:i386 [1.43.0-1ubuntu0.2 (jammy-security)]                         
44)      libodbc2:i386 [2.3.9-5ubuntu0.1 (jammy-security)]                               
45)      libogg0:i386 [1.3.5-0ubuntu3 (jammy)]                                           
46)      libopenal1:i386 [1:1.19.1-2build3 (jammy)]                                      
47)      libopus0:i386 [1.3.1-0.1build2 (jammy)]                                         
48)      liborc-0.4-0:i386 [1:0.4.32-2ubuntu0.1 (jammy-security)]                        
49)      libp11-kit0:i386 [0.24.0-6build1 (jammy)]                                       
50)      libpcap0.8:i386 [1.10.1-4build1 (jammy)]                                        
51)      libpng16-16:i386 [1.6.37-3build5 (jammy)]                                       
52)      libpsl5:i386 [0.21.0-1.2build2 (jammy)]                                         
53)      libpulse0:i386 [1:15.99.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu1 (jammy, now)]                          
54)      librtmp1:i386 [2.4+20151223.gitfa8646d.1-2build4 (jammy)]                       
55)      libsasl2-2:i386 [2.1.27+dfsg2-3ubuntu1 (jammy)]                                 
56)      libsasl2-modules:i386 [2.1.27+dfsg2-3ubuntu1 (jammy, now)]                      
57)      libsasl2-modules-db:i386 [2.1.27+dfsg2-3ubuntu1 (jammy)]                        
58)      libsdl2-2.0-0:i386 [2.0.20+dfsg-2build1 (jammy)]                                
59)      libsndfile1:i386 [1.0.31-2ubuntu0.1 (jammy-security)]                           
60)      libsndio7.0:i386 [1.8.1-1.1 (jammy)]                                            
61)      libssh-4:i386 [0.9.6-2ubuntu0.22.04.3 (jammy-security)]                         
62)      libstb0:i386 [0.0~git20210910.af1a5bc+ds-1 (jammy)]                             
63)      libstdc++6:i386 [12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 (jammy-security)]                        
64)      libsystemd0:i386 [249.11-0ubuntu3.7 (jammy-security)]                           
65)      libtasn1-6:i386 [4.18.0-4build1 (jammy)]                                        
66)      libtiff5:i386 [4.3.0-6ubuntu0.10 (jammy-security)]                              
67)      libudev1:i386 [249.11-0ubuntu3.7 (jammy-security)]                              
68)      libunwind8:i386 [1.3.2-2build2 (jammy)]                                         
69)      libusb-1.0-0:i386 [2:1.0.25-1ubuntu1 (jammy)]                                   
70)      libv4l-0:i386 [1.22.1-2build1 (jammy)]                                          
71)      libv4lconvert0:i386 [1.22.1-2build1 (jammy)]                                    
72)      libvkd3d1:i386 [1.1-5 (jammy)]                                                  
73)      libvorbis0a:i386 [1.3.7-1build2 (jammy)]                                        
74)      libvorbisenc2:i386 [1.3.7-1build2 (jammy)]                                      
75)      libvulkan1:i386 [1.3.204.1-2 (jammy)]                                           
76)      libwayland-client0:i386 [1.20.0-1ubuntu0.1 (jammy-security)]                    
77)      libwayland-cursor0:i386 [1.20.0-1ubuntu0.1 (jammy-security)]                    
78)      libwayland-egl1:i386 [1.20.0-1ubuntu0.1 (jammy-security)]                       
79)      libwayland-server0:i386 [1.20.0-1ubuntu0.1 (jammy-security)]                    
80)      libwebp7:i386 [1.2.2-2ubuntu0.22.04.2 (jammy-security)]                         
81)      libwine:i386 [6.0.3~repack-1 (jammy)]                                           
82)      libx11-6:i386 [2:1.7.5-1ubuntu0.3 (jammy-security)]                             
83)      libx11-xcb1:i386 [2:1.7.5-1ubuntu0.3 (jammy-security)]                          
84)      libxau6:i386 [1:1.0.9-1build5 (jammy)]                                          
85)      libxcb1:i386 [1.14-3ubuntu3 (jammy)]                                            
86)      libxcomposite1:i386 [1:0.4.5-1build2 (jammy)]                                   
87)      libxcursor1:i386 [1:1.2.0-2build4 (jammy)]                                      
88)      libxdmcp6:i386 [1:1.1.3-0ubuntu5 (jammy)]                                       
89)      libxext6:i386 [2:1.3.4-1build1 (jammy)]                                         
90)      libxfixes3:i386 [1:6.0.0-1 (jammy)]                                             
91)      libxi6:i386 [2:1.8-1build1 (jammy)]                                             
92)      libxinerama1:i386 [2:1.1.4-3 (jammy)]                                           
93)      libxkbcommon0:i386 [1.4.0-1 (jammy)]                                            
94)      libxml2:i386 [2.9.13+dfsg-1ubuntu0.4 (jammy-security)]                          
95)      libxpm4:i386 [1:3.5.12-1ubuntu0.22.04.2 (jammy-security)]                       
96)      libxrandr2:i386 [2:1.5.2-1build1 (jammy)]                                       
97)      libxrender1:i386 [1:0.9.10-1build4 (jammy)]                                     
98)      libxslt1.1:i386 [1.1.34-4ubuntu0.22.04.1 (jammy-security)]                      
99)      libxss1:i386 [1:1.2.3-1build2 (jammy)]                                          
100)     libxxf86vm1:i386 [1:1.1.4-1build3 (jammy)]                                      
101)     ocl-icd-libopencl1:i386 [2.2.14-3 (jammy)]                                      
102)     systemd-timesyncd:i386 [249.11-0ubuntu3.7 (jammy-security)]                     

       降级 下列软件包：                                                                 
103)     libnss-systemd [249.11-0ubuntu3.12 (now) -> 249.11-0ubuntu3.7 (jammy-security)] 
104)     libpam-systemd [249.11-0ubuntu3.12 (now) -> 249.11-0ubuntu3.7 (jammy-security)] 
105)     libsystemd0 [249.11-0ubuntu3.12 (now) -> 249.11-0ubuntu3.7 (jammy-security)]    
106)     libudev-dev [249.11-0ubuntu3.12 (now) -> 249.11-0ubuntu3.7 (jammy-security)]    
107)     libudev1 [249.11-0ubuntu3.12 (now) -> 249.11-0ubuntu3.7 (jammy-security)]       
108)     systemd [249.11-0ubuntu3.12 (now) -> 249.11-0ubuntu3.7 (jammy-security)]        
109)     systemd-oomd [249.11-0ubuntu3.12 (now) -> 249.11-0ubuntu3.7 (jammy-security)]   
110)     systemd-sysv [249.11-0ubuntu3.12 (now) -> 249.11-0ubuntu3.7 (jammy-security)]   
111)     udev [249.11-0ubuntu3.12 (now) -> 249.11-0ubuntu3.7 (jammy-security)]           

       保留下列未解决的依赖关系：                                                        
112)     libdecor-0-0:i386 推荐 libdecor-0-plugin-1-cairo:i386 | libdecor-0-plugin-1:i386
113)     libvulkan1:i386 推荐 mesa-vulkan-drivers:i386 | vulkan-icd:i386                 
114)     libwine:i386 推荐 libcups2:i386 (>= 1.4.0)                                      
115)     libwine:i386 推荐 libgl1:i386                                                   
116)     libwine:i386 推荐 libosmesa6:i386 (>= 10.2~)                                    
117)     libwine:i386 推荐 libvkd3d-shader1:i386 (>= 1.2)                                
118)     libwine:i386 推荐 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386                                          
119)     libwine:i386 推荐 libasound2-plugins:i386                                       
120)     libwine:i386 推荐 gstreamer1.0-plugins-good:i386                                
121)     libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:i386 推荐 gstreamer1.0-plugins-base:i386         



是否接受该解决方案？[Y/n/q/?] 

基本当看到有软件包的升级、降级的方案，一般可行，直接接受该方案。 

参考：ubuntu通过apt安装软件报依赖冲突或丢失解决办法_code : 依赖: libc6 (>= 2.28) 但是 2.27-3ubuntu1.6 已经安装-优快云博客