构建一个SSM项目

本文详细介绍了如何创建一个maven-war项目,逐步讲解了删除pom.xml多余内容、补全目录、添加依赖和插件、处理Spring与Mybatis的整合、以及整合SpringMVC的过程。通过这些步骤,构建了一个基础的SSM项目框架,包括数据库连接、日志配置、Mapper接口绑定等关键配置。

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一、步骤

1.创建maven-war项目,删除pom.xml中的多余内容

2.补全目录

3.添加依赖和插件

4.处理spring整合mybatis部分

5.整合Spring MVC

6.创建项目目录结构

二、实操

1.创建maven-war项目,删除pom.xml中的多余内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.zxs</groupId>
  <artifactId>TestSSM</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>



</project>

2.补全目录

3.添加依赖和插件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.zxs</groupId>
  <artifactId>TestSSM</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <dependencies>
    <!--   1.mybatis的依赖   -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>3.5.9</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--   2.连接mysql的依赖   -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>8.0.28</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--   3.log4j的依赖   -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.17</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--   4.spring的核心依赖   -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.16</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--   5.springjdbc的依赖   -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.16</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--   6.spring整合mybatis的依赖   -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
      <version>2.0.7</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--   7.springwebmvc的依赖   -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.16</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <!--  加入tomcat插件  -->
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <!--   tomcat插件   -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
        <configuration>
          <path>/testssm</path><!--   指定项目的下文路径   -->
          <port>8888</port><!--   端口   -->
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

</project>

4.处理spring整合mybatis部分

之前使用mybatis时,先配置mybatis配置文件mybatis.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!-- plugins在配置文件中的位置必须符合要求,否则会报错,顺序如下: properties?, settings?, typeAliases?,
        typeHandlers?, objectFactory?,objectWrapperFactory?, plugins?, environments?,
        databaseIdProvider?, mappers? -->

    <properties resource="db.properties"></properties><!-- 加载配置文件 -->

    <settings>
        <!--  配置生效的日志  -->
        <setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
    </settings>
    <typeAliases><!-- 类型别名 -->
        <typeAlias type="com.zxs.pojo.Book" alias="book"></typeAlias>
        <package name="com.zxs.pojo"/><!-- 当类的个数较多时,通过此标签指定包下全部类的别名,指定后所有类的别名就是类名(不区分大小写) -->
    </typeAliases>
    <!-- 配置当前环境信息 -->
    <environments default="mysql"><!-- 可以配置多个数据源,default表示当前使用的数据源id,数据源id是任意的 -->
        <environment id="mysql">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"><!-- 事务处理 -->
                <property name="" value=""/>
            </transactionManager>
            <!-- 配置数据源 -->
            <dataSource type="POOLED"><!-- 有三种数据源类型UNPOOLED|POOLED|JNDI -->
                <property name="driver" value="${driver}"/><!-- ${driver}读取配置文件信息 -->
                <property name="url" value="${url}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${password}"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <!-- 指定Mapper接口的路径 -->
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="com/zxs/mapper/BookMapper.xml"></mapper>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

整合后:mybatis.xml除日志文件都要交由spring来处理,创建applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--   1.连接数据库,获取数据资源,配置数据源,设置数据库连接的四个参数   -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <!--    利用setter方法完成属性注入,四个参数名固定的,注意源码中虽然没有driverClassName属性,但是有driverClassName的setter方法    -->
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/book_store?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;useSSL=false"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="123456"/>
    </bean>

    <!--  2.获取SqlSessionFactory对象  -->
    <!--  以前SqlSessionFactory都是在测试代码中我们自己创建的,但是现在不用了,整合包中提供的对于SqlSessionFactory的封装。里面提供了MyBatis全局配置文件所有配置的属性  -->
    <bean id="factory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <!--    注入数据源    -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!--    给包下类起别名    -->
        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.zxs.pojo"/>
    </bean>

    <!--  3.扫描mapper文件  -->
    <!--  设置扫描哪个包,进行接口绑定  -->
    <!--  所有Mapper接口代理对象都能创建出来,可以直接从容器中获取出来  -->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <!--  和SqlSessionFactory产生联系,以前接口绑定sqlSession.getMapper(BookMapper.Class);
          都是通过以前接口绑定sqlSession来调用mapper,所以这里一定要注入工厂啊
          注意这里sqlSessionFactoryBeanName类型为String,所以用value把工厂名字写过来就行-->
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="factory"/>
        <!--  扫描的包  -->
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.zxs.mapper"/>
    </bean>

    <!--  4.扫描包下注解  -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zxs.service"></context:component-scan>

</beans>

日志是mybatis特有的配置方式,spring没有提供那样的配置,所以日志部分没法替代。所以可以把mybatis.xml保留,里面留下log4j的配置。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <settings>
        <!--  配置生效的日志  -->
        <setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
    </settings>

</configuration>

加完之后这个mybatis.xml还要解析在applicationContext.xml中

<!--  2.获取SqlSessionFactory对象  -->
    <!--  以前SqlSessionFactory都是在测试代码中我们自己创建的,但是现在不用了,整合包中提供的对于SqlSessionFactory的封装。里面提供了MyBatis全局配置文件所有配置的属性  -->
    <bean id="factory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <!--    注入数据源    -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!--    给包下类起别名    -->
        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.zxs.pojo"/>
        <!--    新加入!解析mybatis.xml    -->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis.xml"/>
    </bean>

log4j.properties还是需要的

#log4j中定义的级别:fatal(致命错误)> error(错误)> warn(警告)> info(普通信息)> debug(调试信息)> trace(跟踪信息)
log4j.rootLogger=error,console

#整体调高,局部调低
#book是<mapper namespace="book"><!--    可能有多个selectAll,设置命名空间    -->
log4j.logger.com.zxs.mapper.BookMapper=trace

### console ###
#配置appender输出方式
log4j.appender.console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.console.Target=System.out
#配置输出的格式
log4j.appender.console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.conversionPattern="[%p][%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n"


### Log file ###
log4j.appender.D=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.D.File=C:/projects/log4j.log
log4j.appender.D.Append=true
# 只能升级别 不能降低
log4j.appender.D.Threshold=INFO
log4j.appender.D.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern="[%p][%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n"

5.整合Spring MVC

加入springmvc.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--    扫描控制器类,千万不要把service等扫描进来,也千万不要在Spring配置文件扫描控制器类所在包    -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zxs.controller"></context:component-scan>
    <!--    让SpringMVC的注解生效:@RequestMapping    -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>


</beans>

在web中加入springmvc.xml和aplicationContext.xml的解析

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <!--     springmvc.xml名称可以自定义,只要和我们创建的配置文件的名称对应就行      -->
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--     Tomcat启动立即加载Servlet,而不是等到访问Servlet才去实例化DispatcherServlet      -->
    <!--     配置上的效果:Tomcat启动立即加载Spring MVC框架的配置文件      -->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <!--     / 表示除了.jsp结尾的url,其他的url都会触发DispatcherServlet。此处千万不要写成 /*      -->
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!-- 新加入 -->
  <!-- 解析applicationContext.xml:利用监听器监听 -->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <!-- 给全局参数contextConfigLocation赋值,contextConfigLocation是ContextLoaderListener父类ContextLoader中的属性 -->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  

</web-app>

6.创建项目目录结构

项目主要分层有controller层、service层、dao层(mapper层)、实体类层

6.1构建实体类

package com.zxs.pojo;

public class Book {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String author;
    private double price;

    public Book() {
    }

    public Book(int id, String name, String author, double price) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
}

6.2构建mapper层

package com.zxs.mapper;

import java.util.List;

public interface BookMapper {
    List selectAll();
}

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.zxs.mapper.BookMapper">
    <select id="selectAll" resultType="book">
        select * from t_book
    </select>
</mapper>

6.3构建service层

package com.zxs.service;

import java.util.List;

public interface BookService {
    List findAll();
}
package com.zxs.service.impl;

import com.zxs.mapper.BookMapper;
import com.zxs.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {

    @Autowired
    private BookMapper bookMapper;

    public List findAll() {
        return bookMapper.selectAll();
    }
}

6.4构建controller层

package com.zxs.controller;


import com.zxs.pojo.Book;
import com.zxs.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import java.util.List;

@Controller
public class BookController {

    @Autowired
    private BookService bookService;

    @RequestMapping("findAll")
    @ResponseBody   //将java数据转为json类型
    public String findAll(){
        List books=bookService.findAll();
        String str="";
        for (int i = 0; i < books.size(); i++) {
            Book book=(Book) books.get(i);
            str=str+book.getName()+"\t";
            str=str+book.getAuthor()+"\n";
        }
        return str;
    }
}

6.5常见问题

报错

原因:tomcat等级太低,从7升到8即可

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