Ubuntu系统安装及VSCode远程连接方法

一、下载软件及Linux系统

  1. VMware Workstation:Windows 虚拟机 | Workstation Pro | VMware | CN
  2. MobaXterm:MobaXterm free Xserver and tabbed SSH client for Windows (mobatek.net)
  3. VSCode:Visual Studio Code - Code Editing. Redefined
  4. Ubuntu18.04.5:企业开源和Linux | Ubuntu

二、安装虚拟机软件并进行Linux系统安装

安装VMware Workstation后,按下图所示顺序进行安装:

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选择自定义,随后按照下图顺序依次点击即可。

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点击下图所示导入ISO镜像文件。

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这里的请选择前面下载好的Ubuntu系统ISO文件。
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点击开启此虚拟机后,即开始进行安装,等待安装结束后即可。

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三、使用MobaXterm远程连接Ubuntu

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填写IP地址和用户名,然后点击OK。

IP地址可以通过在Ubuntu中打开终端,输入ifconfig命令进行查询,前提是先安装ssh和net-tools,分别使用如下命令进行安装:

sudo apt install openssh-server;sudo apt install net-tools。

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一般第一次登陆时会输入密码,输入密码后即可正常看到如下界面。
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四、使用VSCode连接Ubuntu

安装VSCode后,点击搜索,输入remote,选择下图红色框中的插件,进行安装。
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安装中文插件。

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安装remote后,左侧出现远程资源管理器,点击远程资源管理器,进行远程连接。

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输入密码后可以进行远程访问。
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五、备注

VSCode远程访问免密方法:

首先在本机上Win+R,输入cmd,打开终端后输入ssh-keygen -t rsa,一直回车到执行结束。

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在用户路径C:\Users\HKQ.ssh下会生成两个文件,一个为私钥,一个为公钥。

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打开Ubuntu系统,打开终端,输入ssh-keygen -t rsa,一直回车到执行结束。同时使用命令vim authorized_keys打开文件,点击a进入编辑模式,将本机上的公钥文件使用记事本打开,将其中的内容复制到authorized_keys文件中,按Esc退出编辑模式,输入冒号wq保存并退出。后续则不用再输入密码访问VSCode。

### 配置 VSCode 远程连接Ubuntu 20.04 WSL 子系统 #### 安装并配置 WSL 和 Ubuntu系统 首先,在 Windows 上通过 PowerShell 或命令提示符运行以下命令来重新导入并安装 WSL 的 Ubuntu-20.04 版本: ```bash wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 D:\WSL-Ubuntu20.04 D:\WSL-Ubuntu20.04.tar --version 2 ``` 这一步确保了 WSL 已经被正确部署在指定路径上[^1]。 接着,进入已创建的 Ubuntu系统环境,并按照以下步骤完成必要的初始化操作。打开终端后输入 `wsl` 命令切换至 Linux Shell 下载脚本文件以及执行它: ```bash git clone https://github.com/DamionGans/ubuntu-wsl2-systemd-script.git cd ubuntu-wsl2-systemd-script/ bash ubuntu-wsl2-systemd-script.sh ``` 上述指令用于激活 systemd 支持以便后续服务正常启动[^2]。 #### 设置 Visual Studio Code (VSCode) 对于开发人员来说,集成编辑器与操作系统至关重要。以下是具体方法: ##### 步骤一:启用扩展支持 确认已经安装最新版 Microsoft Store 提供或者官网下载版本中的VisualStudioCode程序之后开启应用内部插件商店搜索栏键入关键词"Remote - WSL"找到官方出品的相关功能包点击install按钮加载进来即可[^3]。 当成功添加该附加组件以后返回主界面观察左侧工具条最下方位置是否存在由两个箭头图形组成的快捷方式图标(>和<组合而成)。如果存在则表明当前状态满足条件可以继续下一步;反之需排查原因直至显现为止。 ##### 步骤二:建立链接关系 单击发现刚才提到的那个特殊标记代表切换模式选项卡。此时会出现若干可用目标列表其中应该包含先前构建好的名为“Ubuntu”的实例项择其对应条目选定之即刻触发新的工作区加载流程同时底部状态栏也会同步更新显示出类似这样的字样:“WSL: Ubuntu”。 至此整个过程结束你应该能够在熟悉的IDE界面上无缝操控基于Linux平台的各项资源和服务啦! --- ### 注意事项 如果有任何依赖缺失比如CMake编译过程中报错可能是因为缺少某些库文件可以通过APT包管理器解决像这样: ```bash apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential cmake pkg-config zlib1g-dev libeigen3-dev \ libfftw3-dev python3-minimal python3-pip python3-numpy swig doxygen graphviz imagemagick curl wget unzip git vim nano tmux htop iotop glances tree openssh-server net-tools iputils-ping dnsutils traceroute nmap telnet ftp rsync sshfs cifs-utils nfs-common samba smbclient lsb-release locales-all language-pack-en-base software-properties-common dkms linux-generic-hwe-20.04 xserver-xorg-core xinit mesa-utils freeglut3-dev qtbase5-dev libqt5svg5-dev libboost-all-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl-dev libopenmpi-dev openmpi-bin openmpi-common mpi-default-bin mpi-default-dev mpich libmpich-dev libhdf5-openmpi-dev hdf5-helpers hdf5-tools paraview gnuplot octave gfortran gcc g++ clang llvm valgrind gdb strace ddd cppcheck gcovr lcov google-perftools perf 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