求助：Parse error in application web.xml file at jndi:/localhost/ssh/WEB-INF/web.xml

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本文解决了一个关于Spring配置中出现的错误，错误出现在web.xml文件中，涉及到Struts2的URL模式配置问题。通过检查*.action的URL模式配置，找到了问题所在。

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在配置spring的时候出现错误如下：

严重: Parse error in application web.xml file at jndi:/localhost/ssh/WEB-INF/web.xml
org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; systemId: jndi:/localhost/ssh/WEB-INF/web.xml; lineNumber: 47; columnNumber: 20; Error at (47, 20: Invalid <url-pattern> /*.action in filter mapping
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.createSAXException(Digester.java:2726)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.createSAXException(Digester.java:2752)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.endElement(Digester.java:1061)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.endElement(AbstractSAXParser.java:609)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanEndElement(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:1782)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2967)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:602)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:505)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:841)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:770)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:141)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(AbstractSAXParser.java:1213)
    at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(SAXParserImpl.java:643)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.parse(Digester.java:1562)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.applicationWebConfig(ContextConfig.java:369)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.start(ContextConfig.java:1062)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:261)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4236)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.checkResources(HostConfig.java:1105)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.check(HostConfig.java:1203)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:293)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.backgroundProcess(ContainerBase.java:1337)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1601)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1610)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.run(ContainerBase.java:1590)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid <url-pattern> /*.action in filter mapping
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.addFilterMap(StandardContext.java:2169)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.IntrospectionUtils.callMethod1(IntrospectionUtils.java:899)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.SetNextRule.end(SetNextRule.java:193)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Rule.end(Rule.java:229)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.endElement(Digester.java:1058)
    ... 25 more

调试了许久，依然显示这个错误，我的web.xml文件代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0" 
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
  <display-name></display-name> 
  <!-- spring配置文件的位置 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml  </param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!-- 对Spring 容器进行实例化 -->  
    <listener>  
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>  
    </listener>  
    <listener>  
        <listener-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.listener.StrutsListener</listener-class>  
    </listener>  

    <welcome-file-list>  
        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>  
        <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>  
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>  
        <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>  
        <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>  
        <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>  
    </welcome-file-list>  

    <!-- ssh 中文过滤 -->  
    <filter>  
        <filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>  
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>  
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>  
            <param-value>true</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
    </filter>  
    <filter-mapping>  
        <filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>  
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
    </filter-mapping>  

    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

    <!-- 定义Struts 2 的核心控制器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>
            org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
        </filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*.action</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <listener>  
        <listener-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.listener.StrutsListener</listener-class>  
    </listener>  

    <welcome-file-list>  
        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>  
        <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>  
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>  
        <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>  
        <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>  
        <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>  
    </welcome-file-list>  

 </web-app>

spring配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd   
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd  ">


    <bean id="sessionFactory"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="configLocation">
            <value>classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="hibernateTemplete" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate">
        <property name="sessionFactory">
            <ref bean="sessionFactory"/>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="userDao" class="com.ssh.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory">
            <ref bean="sessionFactry"/>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="userService" class="com.ssh.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="LoginAction" class="com.ssh.action.LoginAction" scope="prototype">
        <property name="userService">
            <ref bean="userService"/>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>