c++实现简单的学生成绩管理系统

本文介绍了一个学生信息管理系统的设计与实现,该系统使用C++语言开发,能够实现学生信息的添加、浏览、查找、删除及修改等功能,并能将信息保存至文件中。系统还具备成绩排序功能。
#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<fstream>
#include<sstream>
#include<conio.h>


using namespace std;


class Student {
public:
string name;
string Id;
int grades;
void input();
void Readfile(istream &in);
void Writefile(ostream &out);
void print();
};


void Student::input() {
cout << "Please Input Student Name:";
cin >> name;
cout << "Please Input Student Id:";
cin >> Id;
cout << "Please Input Student Grades:";
cin >> grades;
}


void Student::Readfile(istream &in) {
in >> name >> Id >> grades;
}
void Student::Writefile(ostream &out) {
out << name << " " << Id << " " << grades << endl;
}


void Student::print() {
cout << "Student Name:" << name << endl
<< "Student Id:" << Id << endl
<< "Student Grades:" << grades << "\n" << endl;
}


class StudentManage {
public:
void add();
void broswer();
void search();
void menu();
void drop();
void modify();
vector<Student> sort();
void MWriteFile(vector<Student>);
private:
ofstream fout;
ifstream fin;
Student stu,stui;
vector<Student> stuVec;
Student& searchById(string &stuId);
Student& searchByName(string& name);
void swap(Student&, Student&);
};


void StudentManage::MWriteFile(vector<Student> wrtVec){
fout.open("test.txt");
for (auto & stuwrite : wrtVec)
stuwrite.Writefile(fout);
fout.close();
}


void StudentManage::add() {
stu.input();
fout.open("test.txt",ios::app);
stu.Writefile(fout);
fout.close();
}


void StudentManage::broswer() {
fin.open("test.txt");
stu.Readfile(fin);
while (!fin.eof()) {
stu.print();
stu.Readfile(fin);
}
fin.close();
}


Student& StudentManage::searchById(string &stuId) {
fin.open("test.txt");
stu.Readfile(fin);
while (!fin.eof())
if (stu.Id == stuId)
return stu;
fin.close();
}


Student& StudentManage::searchByName(string &stuName) {
fin.open("test.txt");
stu.Readfile(fin);
while (!fin.eof())
if (stu.name == stuName)
return stu;
fin.close();
}


void StudentManage::search() {
cout << "1.按姓名查找:" << endl
<< "2.按学号查找:" << endl
<< "请输入数字开始查找!";
int judge;
cin >> judge;
Student searchStu;
string searchCondition;
switch (judge)
{
case 1:
cout << "请输入学生姓名:";
cin >> searchCondition;
searchStu = searchByName(searchCondition);
searchStu.print();
break;
case 2:
cout << "请输入学生学号:";
cin >> searchCondition;
searchStu = searchById(searchCondition);
searchStu.print();
break;
default:
break;
}
}


void StudentManage::drop() {
cout << "1.按姓名删除" << endl
<< "2.按学号删除" << endl;
int judge;
fin.open("test.txt");
string dropCondition;
stu.Readfile(fin);
cin >> judge;
switch (judge)
{
case 1:
cout << "请输入要删除的学生姓名:";
cin >> dropCondition;
while (!fin.eof()) {
if (stu.name.compare(dropCondition) != 0) {
stuVec.push_back(stu);
stu.Readfile(fin);
}
else
stu.Readfile(fin);
}
break;
case 2:
cout << "请输入要删除的学生学号:";
cin >> dropCondition;
while (!fin.eof()) {
if (stu.name.compare(dropCondition) != 0) {
stuVec.push_back(stu);
stu.Readfile(fin);
}
else
stu.Readfile(fin);
}
break;
default:
break;
}
fin.close();
MWriteFile(stuVec);
cout << "删除成功" << endl;
}


void StudentManage::modify() {
int caseJudge;
string modifyCondition;
string line;
cout << "1.按姓名修改!" << endl
<< "2.按学号修改!" << endl;
fin.open("test.txt");
cin >> caseJudge;
switch (caseJudge)
{
case 1:
cout << "请输入要修改的学生姓名:";
cin >> modifyCondition;
while (getline(fin, line)) {                                        //运用getline();
istringstream record(line);                                   //讲记录绑定到刚读入的行
stu.Readfile(record);
//record >> stu.name >> stu.Id >> stu.grades;                 //或者直接读入流
if (stu.name == modifyCondition) {
stu.print();
cout << "确认修改?Y/N" << endl;
char judgeC;
cin >> judgeC;
switch (judgeC)
{
case 'Y':
stu.input();
stuVec.push_back(stu);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
else
stuVec.push_back(stu);
}
break;
case 2:
cout << "请输入要修改的学生学号:";
cin >> modifyCondition;
while (getline(fin, line)) {
istringstream record(line);
stu.Readfile(record);
//record >> stu.name >> stu.Id >> stu.grades;
if (stu.Id == modifyCondition) {
stu.print();
cout << "确认修改?Y/N" << endl;
char judgeC = getchar();
switch (judgeC)
{
case 'Y':
stu.input();
stuVec.push_back(stu);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
else
stuVec.push_back(stu);
}
break;
default:
break;
}
fin.close();
MWriteFile(stuVec);
cout << "修改成功!" << endl;
}


void StudentManage::swap(Student& stu1,Student& stu2) {
const Student temp = stu1;
stu1 = stu2;
stu2 = temp;
}


vector<Student> StudentManage::sort() {
cout << "即将按成绩对学生信息进行排序!" << endl;
fin.open("test.txt");
string line;
while (getline(fin, line)) {
istringstream record(line);
record >> stu.name >> stu.Id >> stu.grades;
stuVec.push_back(stu);
}
vector<Student>::size_type length = stuVec.size();
vector<Student>::size_type i,j;
bool change = true;
for (i = 1;i < length && change;++i) {
change = false;
for (j = 0;j < length - i;++j) 
if (stuVec.at(j).grades > stuVec.at(j + 1).grades) {
swap(stuVec.at(j), stuVec.at(j + 1));
change = true;
}
}
fin.close();
for (auto test : stuVec) test.print();
return stuVec;
}


void StudentManage::menu() {
cout << "1.查看学生成绩信息" << endl
<< "2.增加学生成绩信息" << endl
<< "3.查找学生成绩信息" << endl
<< "4.删除学生成绩信息" << endl
<< "5.修改学生成绩信息" << endl
<< "6.排序学生成绩信息" << endl
<< "0.从本系统退出" << endl;
}


int main() {
bool quit = false;
StudentManage stum;
while (!quit) {
system("cls");
stum.menu();
cout << "请操作!" << endl;
int x;
cin >> x;
char judge;
switch (x)
{
case 1:
stum.broswer();
cout << "继续Y/N?";
cin >> judge;
if (judge == 'Y') break;
else { quit = true;break; }
case 2:
stum.add();
cout << "添加成功!" << endl;
cout << "继续Y/N?";
cin >> judge;
if (judge == 'Y') break;
else { quit = true;break; }
case 3:
stum.search();
cout << "继续Y/N?";
cin >> judge;
if (judge == 'Y') break;
else { quit = true;break; }
case 4:
stum.drop();
cout << "继续Y/N?";
cin >> judge;
if (judge == 'Y') break;
else { quit = true;break; }
case 5:
stum.modify();
stum.broswer();
cout << "继续Y/N?";
cin >> judge;
if (judge == 'Y') break;
else { quit = true;break; }
case 6:
stum.MWriteFile(stum.sort());
cout << "排序成功!" << endl;
cout << "继续Y/N?";
cin >> judge;
if (judge == 'Y') break;
else { quit = true;break; }
default:
quit = true;
break;
}
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
相当不错的一个成绩管理系统 #include #include #include #include using namespace std; enum {SUBJECT=5};//一共五门 typedef struct { char subject[10];//科目名称 int score;//科目成绩 }markinfo; typedef struct studentnode { markinfo mark[SUBJECT]; int totalmark; char name[10];//学生姓名 studentnode * next; }studentnode; class student { studentnode * head; public: student(); int addstudent(); ~student(); int countmark(); int sortbymark(); int save(); int show(); int display(); int readfiletolist(); int searchbyname(); }; student::student() //用构造函数来初始化。 { head=new studentnode; head->next=NULL; } //1.输入学生姓名、成绩等数据,并保存在链表中。 int student::addstudent() { studentnode * p; int i; char check; system("cls"); cout<<"**********************"<<endl; cout<<"请输入学生信息:"<<endl; do { p=new studentnode; cin.ignore(); cout<name); i=0; p->totalmark=0; do { cout<mark[i].subject); cout<>p->mark[i].score; } while(p->mark[i].score>100||p->mark[i].scoretotalmark=p->totalmark+p->mark[i].score; getchar(); } while(++i!=SUBJECT); if(head->next==NULL) { head->next=p;p->next=NULL; } else { p->next=head->next; head->next=p; } cout<next; if(p==NULL) { cout<<"没有学生,请重新输入"<<endl;system("pause");return 0; } else { cout<<"***************"<<endl; cout<<"学生成绩汇总:"<<endl; while(p) { cout<<"姓名:"<name<<" 总成绩:"<totalmark<next; } } system("pause"); return 0; } //4.输出所有学生成绩到一个文件中。 int student::save() { char address[35]; int i; studentnode * p=head->next; cout<<"请输入保存的地址"<<endl; cin.ignore(); gets(address); ofstream fout; fout.open(address,ios::app|ios::out); while(p) { fout<<"*"; fout<name<<"*"; i=0; while(i!=SUBJECT) { fout<mark[i].subject<<"*"; fout<mark[i].score; i++; } //fout<next; } fout.flush(); fout.close(); cout<next; while(p) { s=p->next; delete p; p=s; } delete head; } //3.按照总成绩大小对记录进行排序 int student::sortbymark() { studentnode *move1=head->next; studentnode *move2,*max,*pre1,*pre2,*maxpre,*s=move1; if(head->next==NULL) { cout<<"没有记录,请添加"<next!=NULL;pre1=move1,maxpre=pre1,move1=move1->next,max=move1) { for(pre2=move1,move2=move1->next;move2!=NULL;pre2=move2,move2=move2->next) if(move2->totalmark>max->totalmark) { maxpre=pre2; max=move2; } if(move1->next==max) //交换max和move1。 { pre1->next=max; move1->next=max->next; max->next=move1; move1=max; } else { s=move1->next; move1->next=max->next; max->next=s; maxpre->next=move1; pre1->next=max; move1=max; } } cout<<"已经按照从大到小排序"<next; int i; if(head->next==NULL){cout<<"没有学生记录,请添加"<<endl;system("pause"); return 0;} else { while(p) { cout<<"姓名:"<name; i=1; while(i!=SUBJECT+1) { cout<<"科目:"<mark[i-1].subject; cout<<" 成绩:"<mark[i-1].score; i++; } cout<next; } } system("pause"); return 0; } //6:从文件按读取记录 int student::display() { ifstream fin; char buf[100]; char str[25]; cout<<"请输入路径及文件名:"<<endl; cin.ignore(); gets(str); fin.open(str); if(!fin) { cout<<"没有此文件"<<endl; system("pause"); return 0; } while(fin) { fin.getline(buf,sizeof(buf)); cout<<buf<<endl; } system("pause"); return 0; } //8从文件中读取数据,并将数据保存在链表中 int student::readfiletolist() { ifstream fin; int i; char str[25]; cout<<"请输入路径及文件名:"<<endl; cin.ignore(); gets(str); fin.open(str); if(!fin) { cout<<"没有此文件"<totalmark=0; fin.getline(p->name,100,'*'); i=0; while(i!=SUBJECT) { fin.getline(p->mark[i].subject,100,'*'); fin>>p->mark[i].score; p->totalmark+=p->mark[i].score; i++; } if(head->next==NULL) { head->next=p; p->next=NULL; } else { p=head->next; head->next=p; } } cout<<"信息已经保存在链表中"<next==NULL) { cout<<"没有学生,请添加或者从文件中读取"<next; char findname[10]; int i; cout<name,findname)) { cout<<"经查找,找到该生信息如下:"<<endl<<endl; cout<<"姓名:"<name; i=1; while(i!=SUBJECT+1) { cout<<"科目:"<mark[i-1].subject; cout<<" 成绩:"<mark[i-1].score; i++; } cout<next; } cout<<"没有此学生,请添加或者从文件中读取"<<endl; system("pause"); return 0; } int showmenu() { int choice; char * menu[9]={ "1:输入学生成绩保存到链表\n", "2:计算每位学生总成绩\n", "3:按照总成绩大小对记录进行排序\n", "4:输出所有学生成绩到一个文件中\n", "5:显示新输入的学生信息\n", "6:从文件中读取信息\n", "7:将文件信息保存在链表中\n", "8:根据姓名查找学生记录\n", "9:结束程序\n" }; cout<<" "<<"*****************************************************"<<endl; cout<<" *"<<" "<<"学生成绩管理系统"<<" *"<<endl; cout<<" "<<"*****************************************************"<<endl; for(choice=0;choice<9;choice++) cout<<" "<<menu[choice]; cout<<" "<<"*****************************************************"<<endl; cout<<"please choose to continue"<>choice; } while(choice>9||choice<1); return choice; } int main() { int menuitem,flag=1; student stu; while(flag) { system("cls"); menuitem=showmenu(); switch(menuitem) { case 1:{stu.addstudent();break;} case 2:{stu.countmark();break;} case 3:{stu.sortbymark();break;} case 4:{stu.save();break;} case 5:{stu.show();break;} case 6:{stu.display();break;} case 7:{stu.readfiletolist();break;} case 8:{stu.searchbyname();break;} case 9:{flag=0;break;} } } return 0; }
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