Java / Android 基于Http的多线程下载的实现

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-31 09:30:22 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2025-03-31 09:30:22 发布 · 214 阅读

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#android #java #多线程 #网络

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本文介绍了一种基于Java的多线程下载技术实现方案。通过分析原理，利用RandomAccessFile和HTTP Range请求来并行下载文件的不同部分，最终合成完整的文件。

有个朋友需要个多线程现在的例子，就帮忙实现了，在此分享下~

先说下原理，原理明白了，其实很简单：

a、对于网络上的一个资源，首先发送一个请求，从返回的Content-Length中回去需要下载文件的大小，然后根据文件大小创建一个文件。

this.fileSize = conn.getContentLength();// 根据响应获取文件大小
File dir = new File(dirStr);
this.localFile = new File(dir, filename);
RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(this.localFile, "rw");
raf.setLength(fileSize);
raf.close();

b、根据线程数和文件大小，为每个线程分配下载的字节区间，然后每个线程向服务器发送请求，获取这段字节区间的文件内容。

conn.setRequestProperty("Range", "bytes=" + startPos + "-"
                        + endPos);// 设置获取实体数据的范围

c、利用RandomAccessFile的seek方法，多线程同时往一个文件中写入字节。

raf.seek(startPos);
while ((len = is.read(buf)) != -1)
{
    raf.write(buf, 0, len);
}

分析完了原理就很简单了，我封装了一个类，利用这个类的实例进行下载，所需参数：下载资源的URI，本地文件路径，线程的数量。

package com.zhy.mutilthread_download;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class MultipartThreadDownloador
{

    /**
     * 需要下载资源的地址
     */
    private String urlStr;
    /**
     * 下载的文件
     */
    private File localFile;
    /**
     * 需要下载文件的存放的本地文件夹路径
     */
    private String dirStr;
    /**
     * 存储到本地的文件名
     */
    private String filename;

    /**
     * 开启的线程数量
     */
    private int threadCount;
    /**
     * 下载文件的大小
     */
    private long fileSize;

    public MultipartThreadDownloador(String urlStr, String dirStr,
            String filename, int threadCount)
    {
        this.urlStr = urlStr;
        this.dirStr = dirStr;
        this.filename = filename;
        this.threadCount = threadCount;
    }

    public void download() throws IOException
    {
        createFileByUrl();

        /**
         * 计算每个线程需要下载的数据长度
         */
        long block = fileSize % threadCount == 0 ? fileSize / threadCount
                : fileSize / threadCount + 1;

        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++)
        {
            long start = i * block;
            long end = start + block >= fileSize ? fileSize : start + block - 1;

            new DownloadThread(new URL(urlStr), localFile, start, end).start();
        }

    }

    /**
     * 根据资源的URL获取资源的大小，以及在本地创建文件
     */
    public void createFileByUrl() throws IOException
    {
        URL url = new URL(urlStr);
        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        conn.setConnectTimeout(15 * 1000);
        conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
        conn.setRequestProperty(
                "Accept",
                "image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*");
        conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");
        conn.setRequestProperty("Referer", urlStr);
        conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
        conn.setRequestProperty(
                "User-Agent",
                "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.2; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)");
        conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
        conn.connect();

        if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200)
        {
            this.fileSize = conn.getContentLength();// 根据响应获取文件大小
            if (fileSize <= 0)
                throw new RuntimeException(
                        "the file that you download has a wrong size ... ");
            File dir = new File(dirStr);
            if (!dir.exists())
                dir.mkdirs();
            this.localFile = new File(dir, filename);
            RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(this.localFile, "rw");
            raf.setLength(fileSize);
            raf.close();

            System.out.println("需要下载的文件大小为 :" + this.fileSize + " , 存储位置为： "
                    + dirStr + "/" + filename);

        } else
        {
            throw new RuntimeException("url that you conneted has error ...");
        }
    }

    private class DownloadThread extends Thread
    {
        /**
         * 下载文件的URI
         */
        private URL url;
        /**
         * 存的本地路径
         */
        private File localFile;
        /**
         * 是否结束
         */
        private boolean isFinish;
        /**
         * 开始的位置
         */
        private Long startPos;
        /**
         * 结束位置
         */
        private Long endPos;

        public DownloadThread(URL url, File savefile, Long startPos, Long endPos)
        {
            this.url = url;
            this.localFile = savefile;
            this.startPos = startPos;
            this.endPos = endPos;
        }

        @Override
        public void run()
        {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始下载...");
            try
            {
                HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url
                        .openConnection();
                conn.setConnectTimeout(15 * 1000);
                conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
                conn.setRequestProperty(
                        "Accept",
                        "image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*");
                conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");
                conn.setRequestProperty("Referer", url.toString());
                conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
                conn.setRequestProperty("Range", "bytes=" + startPos + "-"
                        + endPos);// 设置获取实体数据的范围

                conn.setRequestProperty(
                        "User-Agent",
                        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.2; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)");
                conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
                conn.connect();

                /**
                 * 代表服务器已经成功处理了部分GET请求
                 */
                if (conn.getResponseCode() == 206)
                {
                    InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
                    int len = 0;
                    byte[] buf = new byte[1024];

                    RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(localFile,
                            "rwd");
                    raf.seek(startPos);
                    while ((len = is.read(buf)) != -1)
                    {
                        raf.write(buf, 0, len);
                    }
                    raf.close();
                    is.close();
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                            + "完成下载  ： " + startPos + " -- " + endPos);
                    this.isFinish = true;
                } else
                {
                    throw new RuntimeException(
                            "url that you conneted has error ...");
                }
            } catch (IOException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }



}

createFileByUrl方法，就是我们上述的原理的步骤1，得到文件大小和创建本地文件。我在程序使用了一个内部类DownloadThread继承Thread，专门负责下载。download()方法，根据线程数量和文件大小计算每个线程需要下载的字节区间，然后开启线程去下载。

服务器端：我就扔了几个文件在Tomcat根目录做实验，下面是测试代码：

package com.zhy.mutilthread_download;

import java.io.IOException;

public class Test
{

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        try
        {
            new MultipartThreadDownloador("http://localhost:8080/nexus.zip",
                    "f:/backup/nexus", "nexus.zip", 2).download();
        } catch (IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

输出结果：

需要下载的文件大小为 :31143237 , 存储位置为： f:/backup/nexus/nexus.zip
Thread-1开始下载...
Thread-2开始下载...
Thread-3开始下载...
Thread-4开始下载...
Thread-4完成下载  ： 23357430 -- 31143237
Thread-2完成下载  ： 7785810 -- 15571619
Thread-1完成下载  ： 0 -- 7785809
Thread-3完成下载  ： 15571620 -- 23357429

截图：