为什么第二个scanf不执行呢?

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 #include <stdio.h>                                                                                                          |   " Press <F1> to display hel
  2 #define MAX 1000                                                                                                            |   
  3 int isfull(int n);//judge if the list is full or not                                                                        |-  orderlist.c (/root/李志明)
  4 void insert(int *p,int len,int i,int elem);//*p represent the first element'id of list,i represent what location do you want||-   macro
     to insert? elem represent what elementdo you want to insert?                                                               |||     MAX
  5 void delete(int *pi,int len,int i);//*p represent the first element'id of list,i represent what location do you want to dele||  
    te?                                                                                                                         ||-   function
  6 int lookelem(int *p,int n,int elem);//what element do you want to look for in the list?;n represent the length of the list. |||     main
  7 main(){                                                                                                                     |||     isfull
  8   int i,j,k;                                                                                                                |||     insert
  9   int loca,elem;                                                                                                            |||     delete
 10   int c;                                                                                                                    |||     lookelem
 11   int s[MAX];                                                                                                               |   
 12   printf("please input  list:");                                                                                            |   ~                          
 13      for(i = 0;i < MAX;i++){                                                                                                |   ~                          
 14           scanf("%d",&s[i]);                                                                                                |   ~                          
 15           if (s[i] == '\n')                                                                                                 |   ~                          
 16             break;                                                                                                          |   ~                          
 17      }                                                                                                                      |   ~                          
 18         printf("please choose: ");                                                                                          |   ~                          
 19   printf("0 represent you want to insert element.\n");                                                                      |   ~                          
 20   printf("1 represent you want to delete element.\n");                                                                      |   ~                          
 21   printf("2 represent you want to look element.\n");                                                                        |   ~                          
 22          scanf("%d",&c);                                                                                                    |   ~                          
 23      //  if((c =getchar()) == '0' ||'1'||'2'||'-1' ){                                                                       |   ~                          
 24            switch(c){                                                                                                       |   ~                          
 25                printf("please choose:");                                                                                    |   ~                          
 26            case '0':                                                                                                        |   ~                          
 27               printf("please input the location and element:");                                                             |   ~                          
 28               scanf("%d,%d",&loca,&elem);                                                                                   |   ~                          
 29               insert(s,i,loca,elem);                                                                                        |   ~                          
 30            case'1':                                                                                                         |   ~                          
 31               printf("please input the location and element:");                                                             |   ~                          
 32               scanf("%d",&loca);                                                                                            |   ~                          
 33               delete(s,i,loca);                                                                                             |   ~                          
 34            case'2':                                                                                                         |   ~                          
 35               printf("please input element:");                                                                              |   ~                          
 36               scanf("%d",&elem);                                                                                            |   ~                          
 37                k = lookelem(s,i,elem);                                                                                      |   ~                          
 38                 if(j == 0 )                                                                                                 |   ~                          
 39                    printf("the list have no element you want look\n");                                                      |   ~                          
 40                 else                                                                                                        |   ~                          
 41                    printf("the list is %d",j);                                                                              |   ~                          
 42            default:                                                                                                         |   ~                          
 43               return -1;                                                                                                    |   ~                          
 44          }                                                                                                                  |   ~                          
 45       // }                                                                                                                  |   ~                          
 46      // else                                                                                                                |   ~                          

 47        // printf("you input error num.\n");

            printf("the last list is:\n");                                                                                          ||  
 49   for(k = 0;k < MAX;k++){                                                                                                   ||-   function
 50     printf("%d",s[k]);                                                                                                      |||     main
 51     if(s[k] == '\0')                                                                                                        |||     isfull
 52        break;                                                                                                               |||     insert
 53   }                                                                                                                         |||     delete
 54 }                                                                                                                           |||     lookelem
 55                                                                                                                             |   
 56 int isfull(int n){                                                                                                          |   ~                          
 57    if(n > MAX)                                                                                                              |   ~                          
 58      printf("the list is full");                                                                                            |   ~                          
 59    else                                                                                                                     |   ~                          
 60      return 0;                                                                                                              |   ~                          
 61 }                                                                                                                           |   ~                          
 62                                                                                                                             |   ~                          
 63 void insert(int *p,int len,int i,int elem){                                                                                 |   ~                          
 64     int j,k;                                                                                                                |   ~                          
 65       for(k = len;k > i;k--)                                                                                                |   ~                          
 66         *(p+k) = *(p+k);                                                                                                    |   ~                          
 67      *(p+k) = elem;                                                                                                         |   ~                          
 68      isfull(len + 1);                                                                                                       |   ~                          
 69      printf("the list is:\n");                                                                                              |   ~                          
 70      for(j = 0;j < len+2;j++)                                                                                               |   ~                          
 71        printf("%d",*(p+j));                                                                                                 |   ~                          
 72 }                                                                                                                           |   ~                          
 73                                                                                                                             |   ~                          
 74 void delete(int *pi,int len,int i){                                                                                         |   ~                          
 75 int j,k;                                                                                                                    |   ~                          
 76   for(j = len;j < i;j--)                                                                                                    |   ~                          
 77     *(pi+j) = *(pi+j-1);                                                                                                    |   ~                          
 78   printf("now the list is:\n");                                                                                             |   ~                          
 79    for(k = 0;k < len;k++)                                                                                                   |   ~                          
 80     printf("%d",*(pi+k));                                                                                                   |   ~                          
 81 }                                                                                                                           |   ~                          
 82                                                                                                                             |   ~                          
 83 int lookelem(int *p,int n,int elem){                                                                                        |   ~                          
 84   int k;                                                                                                                    |   ~                          
 85   for(k = 0;k < n+1;k++){                                                                                                   |   ~                          
 86     if(elem = *(p+k))                                                                                                       |   ~                          
 87       return *p;                                                                                                            |   ~                          
 88     else                                                                                                                    |   ~                          
 89       return 0;                                                                                                             |   ~                          
 90   }                                                                                                                         |   ~                          
 91 }                                                                                                                           |   ~                          
orderlist.c


<think>嗯,用户问的是为什么在使用scanf输入之后,需要再输入一个数并回车才能执行后面的printf。这个问题可能涉及到C语言中输入缓冲区的机制。首先,我得回忆一下scanf的工作原理。 记得scanf在读取输入时,会从标准输入缓冲区中读取数据。当用户输入数据并按回车后,输入的字符(包括回车符'\n')会被放入缓冲区。scanf根据格式说明符读取数据,但可能会留下一些字符在缓冲区中,比如换行符或者符合格式的数据。 比如,用户使用scanf("%d", &num);输入一个整数,假设用户输入了123然后回车。这时缓冲区里会有"123\n"。scanf会读取123,但换行符'\n'还留在缓冲区里。如果后面还有scanf或者getchar之类的函数,可能会意外读取到这个残留的换行符,导致程序看起来需要多输入一次。 过用户提到的情况是需要再输入一个数并回车才能执行后面的printf。这可能和scanf的格式字符串有关。比如,如果格式字符串中有非格式字符,比如逗号,例如scanf("%d,%d", &a, &b);,这时候输入第一个数后,必须输入逗号和第二个数,然后回车,程序才会继续。如果用户没有正确输入逗号,scanf会等待直到符合格式的输入完成。 另一种可能是用户在输入时没有正确匹配格式字符串,导致scanf未能读取足够的数据,需要额外的输入来满足格式要求。例如,如果格式字符串需要两个整数,而用户只输入了一个,程序会一直等待第二个数,直到输入完成才会继续执行后面的printf。 另外,输入缓冲区的问题也可能导致这种情况。比如,在读取字符时,前面的scanf可能遗留了换行符,导致后续的字符读取出现问题,但用户的问题中描述的是需要再输入一个数,这可能与格式字符串中的占位符数量有关。 需要确认用户的具体代码,比如scanf的格式字符串是怎样的。例如,如果代码是scanf("%d ", &num);,注意格式字符串中的空格,这会导致scanf跳过所有空白字符,直到遇到非空白字符,因此用户可能需要输入额外的非空白内容才能结束这个scanf的读取,从而导致必须再输入一个数。 总结可能的原因:格式字符串中的多余空格导致需要更多输入,格式字符串需要多个输入而用户未提供足够数据,或者输入缓冲区中残留的换行符影响后续读取,但结合用户的问题,更可能的是格式字符串中的问题,比如末尾的空格,导致scanf在读取所需数据后继续等待直到遇到非空白字符。</think>在C语言中,`scanf`函数与输入缓冲区的交互机制可能导致这个现象。以下是逐步分析: **直接原因** 当使用`scanf("%d", &num);`时,若用户输入`42`并回车,实际输入的是`42\n`。`scanf`会取走数字`42`,但`\n`会残留在输入缓冲区中。 **关键机制** 如果后续的代码中出现以下情况之一: ```c scanf("%c", &ch); // 或 getchar() ``` 此时`%c`会立刻读取缓冲区中残留的`\n`,导致程序看似"跳过了输入步骤"。 **典型场景重现** ```c int num; char ch; printf("输入数字:"); scanf("%d", &num); // 用户输入42[回车] printf("输入字符:"); scanf("%c", &ch); // 自动读取了'\n' printf("立即输出:%c", ch); // 会直接输出换行符的效果 ``` **解决方案** 1️⃣ **清除缓冲区残留** 在`scanf`后添加缓冲清除: ```c while((ch = getchar()) != '\n' && ch != EOF); // 清空缓冲区 ``` 2️⃣ **修改格式说明符** 对于字符输入,在`%c`前加空格: ```c scanf(" %c", &ch); // 空格会跳过空白字符(包括换行符) ``` 3️⃣ **正确匹配格式字符串** 若格式字符串含特殊字符: ```c scanf("%d,%d", &a, &b); // 必须输入`12,34[回车]` ``` **深度理解要点** - 📌 回车符`\n`本身也是合法输入字符 - 📌 格式字符串中的空格`" "`表示跳过所有空白字符 - 📌 `%d`等数值格式符会自动跳过前导空白符 - 📌 `%c`会严格读取下一个字符(包括空白符) **示例修正代码** ```c int main() { int num; char ch; printf("请输入数字:"); scanf("%d", &num); // 清除缓冲区 while((ch = getchar()) != '\n' && ch != EOF); printf("请输入字符:"); scanf("%c", &ch); printf("您输入的是:%d 和 %c", num, ch); return 0; } ``` **常见误区** ❌ 认为`scanf`会直接读取键盘实时输入 ✅ 实际是读取系统输入缓冲区的现有内容 ❌ 认为回车只是结束输入的信号 ✅ 回车符会被存入缓冲区成为输入内容的一部分 理解输入缓冲机制是掌握C语言控制台输入的关键,这需要结合标准I/O库的工作特性来分析程序行为。
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