1.创建NSString对象
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- void stringCreate() {
- //这种方式创建,不需要释放内存
- NSString *str1 = @"A String";//
- //
- NSString *str2 = [[NSString alloc] init];
- str2 = @"B String";
- [str2 release];
-
- NSString *str3 = [[NSString alloc]initWithString:@"C string!"];
- [str3 release];
-
- //静态方法创建对象,不需要管理内存
- str3 = [NSString stringWithString:@"c string!"];
-
- NSString *str4 = [[NSString alloc] initWithUTF8String:"D string!"];
- [str4 release];
-
- NSString *str5 = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:
- @"my age is %i and height is %.2f",28,1.65f];
- NSLog(@"str5:%@",str5);
- [str5 release];
- }
2.NSString的导入与导出:从文件或url读取内容,以及写文件
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- void stringCreate2(){
- NSString *path=@"/Users/luteresa/Desktop/hello.txt";
- //NSString *str1 = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:path];
- NSError *perror;
- NSString *str2 = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:path encoding:(NSUTF8StringEncoding) error:&perror];
- if (perror) {
- NSLog(@"读取错误:%@",perror);
- } else {
- NSLog(@"%@",str2);
- }
- }
- void stringCreate3(){
- NSString *path = @"/Users/luteresa/Desktop/abc/abc.txt";
-
- //NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"file:///Users/luteresa/Desktop/abc.txt"];
- // NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"];
- // NSString *str2 = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL: url encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
- // //NSLog(@"%@",str2);
- NSString *str = @"123456";
- NSError *perror;
- //[perror localizedDescription];
- [str writeToFile:path atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&perror];
- if (perror) {
- NSLog(@"写入失败,%@", [perror localizedDescription]);
- } else {
- NSLog(@"写入成功");
- }
- }
- void stringToFile(){
- NSString *path = @"/Users/luteresa/Desktop/test.txt";
- NSString *str1 = @"123457890";
- [str1 writeToFile:path atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
- }
3.NSString常用方法:
(1) 大小写处理
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(NSString *)uppercaseString; //全部转为大写字符
- (NSString *)lowercaseString; //全部转为小写字母
- (NSString *)capitalizedString;//首字符变大写,其他变小写
-
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- void compare() {
- // 检测字符串的内容是否相同
- BOOL result = [@"abc" isEqualToString:@"abc"];
- NSLog(@"%i", result);
-
- // NSOrderedAscending 右边的字符串比左边大
- // NSOrderedSame 两个字符串的内容相同
- // NSOrderedDescending 左边的字符串比右边的大
- NSComparisonResult result2 = [@"abc" compare:@"Abc"];
- if (result2 == NSOrderedSame) {
- NSLog(@"两个字符串的内容相同");
- } else if (result2 == NSOrderedAscending) {
- NSLog(@"右边 > 左边");
- } else if (result2 == NSOrderedDescending) {
- NSLog(@"右边 < 左边");
- }
- }
还有一个忽略大小写的比较方法,用法余compare一样
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- - (NSComparisonResult)caseInsensitiveCompare:(NSString *)string;
(3) 搜索字符串
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- void search() {
- NSString *str = @"123456456.txt";
-
- NSLog(@"是否以22开头:%i", [str hasPrefix:@"22"]);
- NSLog(@"是否以txt结尾:%i", [str hasSuffix:@"txt"]);
-
- // 搜索字符串
- NSRange range = [str rangeOfString:@"456"];
- // range.length == 0
- if (range.location == NSNotFound) {
- NSLog(@"不能找到");
- } else {
- NSLog(@"找到的范围是:%@", NSStringFromRange(range));
- }
-
- // 从尾部开始搜索字符串
- range = [str rangeOfString:@"456" options:NSBackwardsSearch];
- NSLog(@"%@", NSStringFromRange(range));
-
- // 指定范围进行搜索
- range = [str rangeOfString:@"456" options:NSBackwardsSearch range:NSMakeRange(1, 10)];
- NSLog(@"%@", NSStringFromRange(range));}
(4) 字符串截取
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- void subString() {
- NSString *str = @"123456";
-
- // 从索引3开始截取到尾部(包括3)
- NSLog(@"%@", [str substringFromIndex:3]);
-
- // 从头部开始截取到索引3之前(不包括3)
- NSLog(@"%@", [str substringToIndex:3]);
-
- // 指定范围进行截取
- NSRange range = NSMakeRange(2, 3);
- NSLog(@"%@", [str substringWithRange:range]);
-
- NSString *str2 = @"a-b-c-d-5";
- NSArray *array = [str2 componentsSeparatedByString:@"-"];
- NSLog(@"%@", array);
-
- NSString *str3 = [array objectAtIndex:0];
- NSLog(@"%@", str3);
- }
(5) #pragma mark 与路径相关
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- void pathTest() {
- // 快速创建一个自动释放的数组
- NSMutableArray *components = [NSMutableArray array];
- [components addObject:@"Users"];
- [components addObject:@"MJ"];
- [components addObject:@"Desktop"];
- // 将数组中的所有字符串拼接成一个路径
- NSString *path = [NSString pathWithComponents:components];
- NSLog(@"%@", path);
-
- // 将路径分解成一个数组
- NSArray *cmps = [path pathComponents];
- NSLog(@"%@", cmps);
-
- // path是一个字符串常量,是不可变的
- path = @"/users/mj/test";
- // 判断是够为绝对路径(依据是前面有无/)
- NSLog(@"%i", [path isAbsolutePath]);
- NSLog(@"最后一个目录:%@", [path lastPathComponent]);
- // 删除最后一个目录
- NSLog(@"%@", [path stringByDeletingLastPathComponent]);
- // 在最后面拼接一个目录
- NSLog(@"%@", [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"abc"]);
- }
(6) #pragma mark 拓展名处理
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- void extension() {
- NSString *str = @"/User/MJ/test.txt";
-
- NSLog(@"拓展名:%@", [str pathExtension]);
- // 删除拓展名
- NSLog(@"%@", [str stringByDeletingPathExtension]);
- // 添加拓展名
- NSLog(@"%@", [@"abc" stringByAppendingPathExtension:@"mp3"]);
-
- //修改文件名
- NSString *tmp,*str2 = @"/User/leon/hello.txt";
- NSString *extensionName =[str2 pathExtension];
- tmp = [[[[str2 stringByDeletingPathExtension]stringByDeletingLastPathComponent]
- stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"world"]stringByAppendingPathExtension:extensionName];
-
- NSLog(@"%@",tmp);
- }
(7) #pragma mark 其他用法,NSString类与基本类型转换等
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- void other() {
- NSString *str = @"12";
- int a = [str intValue];
- NSLog(@"%i", a);
-
- // 计算字数,不是计算字符数
- NSLog(@"length=%zi", [@"我是字符串123" length]);
-
- // 取出对应的字符
- unichar c = [@"abc" characterAtIndex:0];
- NSLog(@"%c", c);
-
- // 返回C语言中的字符串
- const char *s = [@"abc" UTF8String];
- NSLog(@"%s", s);
- }
NSMutableString:NSString子类,可变字符串
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- #pragma mark 可变字符串的创建
- void stringCreate() {
- // 预先分配10个字数的存储空间
- NSMutableString *str = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithCapacity:10];
- // 设置字符串内容
- [str setString:@"1234"];
-
- // 拼接一个字符串
- [str appendString:@"567"];
- // 拼接字符串
- [str appendFormat:@"age is %i and height is %.2f", 27, 1.55f];
-
- // 替换字符串
- NSRange range = [str rangeOfString:@"height"];
- //NSRange range = NSMakeRange(7, 3);
- [str replaceCharactersInRange:range withString:@"no"];
-
- // 插入字符串
- [str insertString:@"abc" atIndex:2];
-
- // 删除字符串
- range = [str rangeOfString:@"age"];
- [str deleteCharactersInRange:range];
-
- NSLog(@"%@", str);
-
- // 释放对象
- [str release];
- }
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