静态路由作业

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#网络

文章详细描述了在华为路由器上配置IP地址（包括环回地址和骨干链路），设置静态路由（包括手工汇总和负载均衡）、启用DHCP服务以及处理空接口防环和故障时的路由优化。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

配用户网段的IP地址

打开R1

<Huawei>sys

[Huawei]sysname r1

[r1]int LoopBack 0—配环回地址

[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28—因为192.168.1.32 28

[r1-LoopBack0]q

[r1]int LoopBack 1

[r1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28—因为192.168.1.48 28

[r1-LoopBack1]q

打开R2

<Huawei>sys

[Huawei]sysname r2

[r2]int LoopBack 0

[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28

[r2-LoopBack0]q

[r2]int LoopBack 1

[r2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28

[r2-LoopBack1]q

打开R4

<Huawei>sys

[Huawei]sysname r4

[r4]int LoopBack 0

[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28

[r4]int LoopBack 1

[r4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.113 28

[r4-LoopBack1]q

打开R3

<Huawei>sys

[Huawei]sysname r3

[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.129 27

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q

打开R5

[r5]int LoopBack 0

[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24

3．配骨干链路的IP地址

打开R1

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

打开R2

[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

打开R4

[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.6 30

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/3

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]ip add 192.168.1.17 30

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int g 0/0/2

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.21 30

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g 0/0/1

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.13 30

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

打开R3

[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g 0/0/0

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

打开R1

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

打开R5

<Huawei>sys

[Huawei]sys r5

[r5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.18 30

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g 0/0/0

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.22 30

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

2.检查能否通

3.写静态路由—目标网段、下一跳（非直连链路的IP地址）

打开R1

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2—直接写汇总网段（在此体现出手工汇总的好处）

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.2

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.2

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10—负载均衡

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10—负载均衡

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

[r1]display ip routing-table protocol static

打开R2

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.1

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.1

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1

[r2]display ip routing-table protocol static

打开R3

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.13

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.13

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.9

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9

[r3]display ip routing-table protocol static

打开R4

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.14—负载均衡

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14

[r4]display ip routing-table protocol static

打开R5

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17

[r5]display ip routing-table protocol static

4.R3充当DHCP服务器配置步骤

[r3]dhcp enable—启动DHCP服务器

[r3]ip pool a—创建地址池塘

[r3-ip-pool-a]network 192.168.1.128 mask 27—宣告能下发的地址

[r3-ip-pool-a]gateway-list 192.168.1.129—自身的网关

[r3-ip-pool-a]q

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global—激活接口的DHCP服务

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q

PC通过DHCP动态获取地址

5.R1-R4上不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由，但依然可以访问（写缺省路由）

打开R1

[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2

[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10—负载均衡

打开R1

[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

打开R3

[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.13

打开R4

[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18

6.写空接口防环（黑洞路由器为R1)

打开R1

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0—防环写空接口—正常情况下不会匹配这条地址除非有IP地址消失

打开R3

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0—写空接口减少链路资源的浪费

打开R2

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

打开R4

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0

7.R4与R5间，正常1000M链路通讯，故障时自动改为100M

补全路由表（故障时只有R4和R5之间会受到影响）

[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61—缺省接口—优先级改为61，所以1000M链路可以正常通讯的时候，不会走这条路

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.21 preference 61