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Verify that you meet the following minimum requirements: See Add-SPShellAdmin. Additionally, verify that you are a member of the Farm Administrators SharePoint group.
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On the Start menu, click All Programs.
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Click Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products.
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Click SharePoint 2010 Management Shell.
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At the Windows PowerShell command prompt, type the following command:
Set-SPCentralAdministration -Port <PortNumber>
Where <PortNumber> is the port number that you want to use. You are prompted for confirmation to change the port number unless you use the Confirm:$false parameter with the command.