手机键盘上的排列组合问题 Letter Combinations of a Phone Number

本文介绍了一个经典的排列组合问题——电话号码对应的字母组合。通过递归方法实现所有可能的字母组合生成,提供了一种有效的解决方案。

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题目源自于Leetcode。

题目:Given a digit string, return all possible letter combinations that the number could represent.A mapping of digit to letters (just like on the telephone buttons) is given below.

思路:这是一个排列组合问题。也是一个子状态空间问题。不容易用循环来解决。比较适合递归的思想来遍历整个状态子空间。

题目中给出的函数声明并不适合作为递归函数,因为递归过程中要不断扩大结果组合,需要把结果作为引用类型的参数,在递归过程中指数级地扩大它。


代码:

class Solution {
public:
string getstring(int num)
{
		vector<string> map;
        map.push_back("");//0
		map.push_back("");//1
		map.push_back("abc");//2
		map.push_back("def");//3
		map.push_back("ghi");//4
		map.push_back("jkl");//5
		map.push_back("mno");//6
		map.push_back("pqrs");//7
		map.push_back("tuv");//8
		map.push_back("wxyz");//9
	return map[num];
}

void fun(vector<string> &result, string digits)
{
	if(digits == "")
		return;
	string str = getstring(digits[0] - '0');
	int n = result.size();
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
		for(int j=0;j<str.length();j++)
		{
			result.push_back(result[0]+str[j]);
		}
		result.erase(result.begin()); //注意这里的参数是指针
	}
	fun(result, digits.substr(1));
	
}


vector<string> letterCombinations(string digits) 
{
        vector<string> result;
		result.push_back("");
        int n = digits.length();
        if (n <= 0)
            return result;
		
		fun(result, digits);
		return result;
}
};

(Telephone Number Word Generator) Standard telephone keypads contain the digits 0 through 9. The numbers 2 through 9 each have three letters associated with them, as is indicated by the following table: Many people find it difficult to memorize phone numbers, so they use the correspondence between digits and letters to develop seven-letter words that correspond to their phone numbers. For example, a person whose telephone number is 686-2377 might use the correspondence indi- cated in the above table to develop the seven-letter word “NUMBERS.” Businesses frequently attempt to get telephone numbers that are easy for their clients to remember. If a business can advertise a simple word for its customers to dial, then no doubt the business will receive a few more calls. Each seven-letter word corresponds to exactly one seven-digit telephone number. The restaurant wishing to increase its take-home business could surely do so with the number 825-3688 (i.e., “TAKEOUT”). Each seven-digit phone number corresponds to many separate seven-letter words. Unfortunately, most of these represent unrecognizable juxtaposi- tions of letters. It’s possible, however, that the owner of a barber shop would be pleased to know that the shop’s telephone number, 424-7288, corresponds to “HAIRCUT.” A veterinarian with the phone number 738-2273 would be happy to know that the number corresponds to “PETCARE.” Write a program that, given a seven-digit number, writes to a file every possible seven-letter word corresponding to that number. There are 2187 (3 to the seventh power) such words. Avoid phone numbers with the digits 0 and 1.
06-09
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