ORA-01541: system tablespace cannot be brought offline; shut down if necessary

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本文记录了Oracle数据库中数据文件从一个目录迁移到另一个目录的过程，包括离线与在线表空间、更改数据文件路径及数据库重启后的文件恢复操作。

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SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_crb3zkxf_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_crb3zky3_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_crb3zky6_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_crb3zkyr_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/sunecm01.dbf
/data/oradata/sunecmf5/sunecmf5data01.db
/data/oradata/sunecmf5/sunecmf5data02.db
/data/oradata/sunecmf5/sunecmf5data03.db

8 rows selected.

SQL> archive log list
Database log mode        Archive Mode
Automatic archival        Enabled
Archive destination        /data/oracle/archivelog1
Oldest online log sequence     97
Next log sequence to archive   98
Current log sequence        98

SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME         STATUS
------------------------------ ---------
SYSTEM          ONLINE
SYSAUX          ONLINE
UNDOTBS1         ONLINE
TEMP          ONLINE
USERS          ONLINE
SUNECM          ONLINE
SUNECMF5TEMP         ONLINE
SUNECMF5         ONLINE

SQL> alter tablespace sunecm offline;

Tablespace altered.

cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/sunecm01.dbf /data/oracle/datafile/

SQL> alter tablespace sunecm rename datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/sunecm01.dbf' to '/data/
racle/datafile/sunecm01.dbf';

SQL> alter tablespace sunecm online;

Tablespace altered.
SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_crb3zkxf_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_crb3zky3_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_crb3zky6_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_crb3zkyr_.dbf
/data/oracle/datafile/sunecm01.dbf
/data/oradata/sunecmf5/sunecmf5data01.db
/data/oradata/sunecmf5/sunecmf5data02.db
/data/oradata/sunecmf5/sunecmf5data03.db

8 rows selected.

SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

8 rows selected.

==============================================================

SQL> alter tablespace system offline;
alter tablespace system offline
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01541: system tablespace cannot be brought offline; shut down if necessary

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_crb3zkxf_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_crb3zky3_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_crb3zky6_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_crb3zkyr_.dbf
/data/oracle/datafile/sunecm01.dbf
/data/oradata/sunecmf5/sunecmf5data01.db
/data/oradata/sunecmf5/sunecmf5data02.db
/data/oradata/sunecmf5/sunecmf5data03.db

8 rows selected.

SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

8 rows selected.

SQL> shut abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2471931904 bytes
Fixed Size      2255752 bytes
Variable Size   1040188536 bytes
Database Buffers 1409286144 bytes
Redo Buffers     20201472 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_crb3zkxf_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_crb3zky3_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_crb3zky6_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_crb3zkyr_.dbf
/data/oracle/datafile/sunecm01.dbf
/data/oradata/sunecmf5/sunecmf5data01.db
/data/oradata/sunecmf5/sunecmf5data02.db
/data/oradata/sunecmf5/sunecmf5data03.db

8 rows selected.

SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_crb3zkxf_.dbf' to '/data
oracle/datafile/o1_mf_system_crb3zkxf_.dbf';
Database altered.

SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_crb3zky3_.dbf' to '/data
oracle/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_crb3zky3_.dbf';
Database altered.

SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_crb3zky6_.dbf' to '/da
a/oracle/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_crb3zky6_.dbf';
Database altered.

SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_crb3zkyr_.dbf' to '/data/
racle/datafile/o1_mf_users_crb3zkyr_.dbf';
Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 5 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/data/oracle/datafile/sunecm01.dbf'

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/data/oracle/datafile/o1_mf_system_crb3zkxf_.dbf
/data/oracle/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_crb3zky3_.dbf
/data/oracle/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_crb3zky6_.dbf
/data/oracle/datafile/o1_mf_users_crb3zkyr_.dbf
/data/oracle/datafile/sunecm01.dbf
/data/oradata/sunecmf5/sunecmf5data01.db
/data/oradata/sunecmf5/sunecmf5data02.db
/data/oradata/sunecmf5/sunecmf5data03.db

8 rows selected.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

SQL> recover datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/sunecm01.dbf';
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 2543
Session ID: 1705 Serial number: 5

SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open

SQL> recover datafile '/data/oracle/datafile/sunecm01.dbf'
Media recovery complete.