ENSP初级

本文介绍了网络设备的基础管理,包括GE和Ethernet接口速率、VRP平台、常用命令及配置。详细讲解了如何通过Telnet进行设备管理,配置DHCP服务,以及路由器的转发原理。此外,还涵盖了DHCP协议的工作流程和地址租期机制。

摘要生成于 C知道 ,由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持, 前往体验 >

GE---代表接口支持千兆的转发速率;

Ethernet---代表接口支持百兆的转发速率;

VRP---通用路由平台---

1·常用命令---< >----用户视图---只能做查看类型的操作,不能配置                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

display ip interface brief----查看接口IP的摘要信息

system view----进入系统试图的命令(ctrl+z返回用户视图)---【】---只能进行全局类型的配置

sysname R1---改名

【R1】

帮助系统

TAB----可以补全命令

?---命令之后打,可以显示该命令所需参数及可能需要的命令—命令未打全时

Interface GigabitEnthernet 0/0/0---进入接口(0/0/0)视图中

IP address----配置IP地址(在相应接口中,配好IP地址后空格加网络位数或掩码)

quit---返回上一视图

undo+想要删除的操作配置时的命令全称----删除该命令结果

display this---查看当前视图的配置操作

display current-configuration---查看缓存中的数据

save---将配置内容保存到闪存空间中

display saved-configuration---查看闪存中的配置内容

访问服务器的方法---1·直接通过IP地址访问

                   2·通过域名访问

                   3·通过应用程序访问

设备管理---带外管理,带内管理;

带外管理---通过console线对设备进行管理或miniUSB线对设备进行管理控制

带内管理---通过Telnet对设备进行管理或WEB对设备进行管理控制或通过SNMP(简单网络管理)协议对设备进行管理

Telnet---远程登录协议---TCP 23

C/S架构协议(client/server)---登录设备承担的是客户端的角色,而被登录设备担任的是服务器的角色;

使用条件---1·登录设备和被登录设备之间网络必须可达

2·被登录设备得开启Telnet服务

路由器配置Telnet的方法:

  1. 在系统视图界面输入aaa,进入aaa视图中
  2. 输入local-user 用户名--local-user python privilege level 15 password cipher 123456:创建用户名及密码信息
  3. local-user python service-type  telnet –定义创建用户的服务类型

4.创建VTY虚拟登录端口--[R1]user-interface vty 0 4---同时开启五个登录窗口,可同时支持五人登录端口

[R1-ui-vty0-4]

5·[R1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa—定义认证模式,调用aaa平台完成认证

DHCP协议---动态主机协议---UDP 67 68

C/S架构---需要获取IP地址的设备扮演客户端的角色,下发IP地址的设备是扮演DHCP服务器的角色;

首次获取IP地址:

1·DHCP客户端-àDHCP服务器---广播---DHCP-Discover(探索)

  UDP---SPORT(原端口号):68  DPORT(目标端口号):67

    IP----SIP:0.0.0.0   DIP:255.255.255.255

   以太网---SMAC:自身MAC   DMAC:全F

2·DHCP服务器--> DHCP客户端---广播/单播(都有可能)---DHCP-DFFER(会携带一个可用IP地址):

UDP---SPORT:67   DPORT:68

 IP---- SIP:DHCP服务器本身    DIP:封装的IP地址

 以太网---SMAC:DHCP服务器本身   DMAC:目标设备MAC

3·DHCP客户端—>DHCP服务器---广播(但具备单播条件)---DHCP-Requst(请求)

DHCP客户端会选择最先到达的OFFER包

4·DHCP服务器---DHCP客户端---单播/广播---DHCP-ACK---只有在收到服务器的ACK后,才算可以使用这个IP地址。

再次获取IP地址:

  1· DHCP客户端—>DHCP服务器---广播(但具备单播条件)---DHCP-Requst(请求)---请求之前使用的IP地址

2·DHCP服务器---DHCP客户端---单播/广播---DHCP-ACK/DHCP-NAK

租期---华为默认租期时间为24小时

T1---租期的百分之50---12小时:DHCP客户端—>DHCP服务器---单播---DHCP-Requst(等待服务器回应ACK,回应则重新从24小时开始,未回应则继续等待至T2时间)

T2---租期时间的百分之87.5---21小时:DHCP客户端—>DHCP服务器---广播---DHCP-Requst(服务器回应则重新从24小时计时,否则若等至24小时将释放IP地址)

DHCP-release---客户端主动释放地址

DHCP服务器配置:

1·开启DHCP服务--- [R1]dhcp enable

2·创建地址池--- [R1]ip pool aa

Info: It's successful to create an IP address pool.

[R1-ip-pool-aa]

3·配置地址池--- [R1-ip-pool-aa]network 192.168.1.0 mask 24

 [R1-ip-pool-aa]gateway-list 192.168.1.1

[R1-ip-pool-aa]dns-list 114.114.114.114

4·在接口选择全局配置

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select global

路由器的转发原理---当一个数据包进入到路由器,路由器将基于目标IP查询本地的路由表,若表中存在记录,则路由器将无条件按照指示转发;若表中没有记录,则路由器将丢弃该数据包。

[R1]display ip routing-table---查询路由表

Destination/Mark-----目标网段信息及掩码信息

Protocol-----类型-----Direct-----直连路由-----直接靠网线连接生成的网段---描述直连网段的路由条目我们称为直连路由。

   直连路由是默认生成----条件:1· 接口双up(physical和protocol都是up,physical代表接口接上网线,protocol代表该处配置IP;即接口具备通信条件)2·接口必须配置IP地址。

NextHop---下一跳---数据到达目标网段下一个经过路由器入接口的IP地址

Interface---出接口---到达目标网段从哪个网段发出的。

骨干链路----路由器和路由器之间的链路---一般情况下,骨干链路不会加入其它设备;

骨干链路创建思路:

   1·数广播域(路由器一个接口代表一个广播域);

   2·划分网段;

   3·配IP地址---先网关,后pc;

获取未知网段的路由信息:

1·静态路由:由网络管理员手工填写的路由信息;

2·动态路由:所有路由器运行相同的路由协议,之后,通过路由器之间的沟通,协商最终计算生成路由条目;

ip route-static 目标网段 下一跳;

PRE---优先级:当多条路由到达相同网段时,则将优先选择优先级最高的一条,仅将优先级最高的路由条目加载到路由表中。

直连路由的默认优先级为0,静态路由的默认优先级为60(华为)---数值越大,优先级反而越低;

R---代表需要递归查找

 

评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值