手把手，Rabbitmq3.12，镜像队列如何配置，Spring Boot如何连接镜像队列集群

原创于 2025-08-22 10:31:06 发布 · 561 阅读

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文章标签：

#spring boot #后端 #java #rabbitmq

RabbitMQ镜像队列集群配置

前置要求

至少3个RabbitMQ节点（推荐奇数个节点以实现高可用）
所有节点时间同步
节点间网络通畅（开放4369, 25672, 5672, 15672, 61613等端口）
相同的Erlang cookie（位于/var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie）

集群配置步骤

安装RabbitMQ
在所有节点上安装相同版本的RabbitMQ 3.12：

# Ubuntu/Debian
curl -fsSL https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/2.0/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://dl.bintray.com/rabbitmq/debian $(lsb_release -sc) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/rabbitmq.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rabbitmq-server

# 启动服务
sudo systemctl enable rabbitmq-server
sudo systemctl start rabbitmq-server

配置主机名解析
确保所有节点可以相互解析主机名，编辑/etc/hosts：
```
192.168.1.10 rabbitmq-node1
192.168.1.11 rabbitmq-node2
192.168.1.12 rabbitmq-node3
```

同步Erlang cookie
将其中一个节点的cookie复制到其他节点：

# 在主节点上查看cookie
sudo cat /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie

# 在其他节点上更新cookie（确保RabbitMQ已停止）
sudo systemctl stop rabbitmq-server
sudo echo "YOUR_ERLANG_COOKIE" > /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie
sudo chown rabbitmq:rabbitmq /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie
sudo chmod 400 /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie

组建集群
将节点加入集群：

# 在节点2上执行
sudo rabbitmqctl stop_app
sudo rabbitmqctl join_cluster rabbit@rabbitmq-node1
sudo rabbitmqctl start_app

# 在节点3上执行
sudo rabbitmqctl stop_app
sudo rabbitmqctl join_cluster rabbit@rabbitmq-node1
sudo rabbitmqctl start_app

# 验证集群状态
sudo rabbitmqctl cluster_status

镜像队列策略配置

设置镜像队列策略
在所有队列上启用镜像，复制到所有节点：
```
rabbitmqctl set_policy ha-all "^" '{"ha-mode":"all","ha-sync-mode":"automatic"}'
```

或更保守的策略（推荐）：

# 镜像到2个节点（包括主节点），自动同步
rabbitmqctl set_policy ha-two "^" '{"ha-mode":"exactly","ha-params":2,"ha-sync-mode":"automatic"}'

# 或按节点名称镜像
rabbitmqctl set_policy ha-nodes "^" '{"ha-mode":"nodes","ha-params":["rabbit@node1","rabbit@node2"]}'

启用管理插件（可选）
如果需要Web管理界面：
```
sudo rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
```

Spring Boot连接镜像队列集群

添加依赖

在pom.xml中添加AMQP依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

配置连接

在application.yml中配置集群连接：

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    addresses: rabbitmq-node1:5672,rabbitmq-node2:5672,rabbitmq-node3:5672
    username: your_username
    password: your_password
    virtual-host: /
    # 连接重试配置
    connection-timeout: 10000
    template:
      retry:
        enabled: true
        initial-interval: 1000
        max-attempts: 3
        multiplier: 1.5
    listener:
      simple:
        retry:
          enabled: true
          max-attempts: 3
          initial-interval: 1000
        acknowledge-mode: auto
        # 集群环境下建议开启消费者重试
        default-requeue-rejected: false

代码示例

配置类

@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {

    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.addresses}")
    private String addresses;
    
    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}")
    private String username;
    
    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}")
    private String password;

    @Bean
    public CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setAddresses(addresses);
        connectionFactory.setUsername(username);
        connectionFactory.setPassword(password);
        // 开启连接失败重试
        connectionFactory.setConnectionTimeout(10000);
        return connectionFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
        template.setMessageConverter(jsonMessageConverter());
        // 开启发送确认
        template.setConfirmCallback((correlationData, ack, cause) -> {
            if (!ack) {
                System.out.println("消息发送失败: " + cause);
            }
        });
        // 开启返回模式
        template.setReturnsCallback(returned -> {
            System.out.println("消息被退回: " + returned);
        });
        template.setMandatory(true);
        return template;
    }

    @Bean
    public MessageConverter jsonMessageConverter() {
        return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
    }
}

生产者示例

@Component
public class MessageProducer {
    
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    
    public void sendMessage(String exchange, String routingKey, Object message) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routingKey, message, 
            new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString()));
    }
}

消费者示例

@Component
public class MessageConsumer {
    
    @RabbitListener(queues = "your.queue.name")
    public void handleMessage(YourMessageClass message, Channel channel, 
                            @Header(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG) long tag) {
        try {
            // 处理消息
            processMessage(message);
            // 确认消息
            channel.basicAck(tag, false);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // 处理失败，拒绝消息（可配置重试策略）
            channel.basicNack(tag, false, true);
        }
    }
    
    private void processMessage(YourMessageClass message) {
        // 业务逻辑处理
    }
}

验证与测试

集群状态验证

# 检查集群状态
rabbitmqctl cluster_status

# 检查策略
rabbitmqctl list_policies

Spring Boot应用测试
创建测试类验证连接和消息发送：

@SpringBootTest
public class RabbitMQTest {
    
    @Autowired
    private MessageProducer producer;
    
    @Test
    public void testSendMessage() {
        producer.sendMessage("exchange.test", "routing.key", "Test Message");
        // 添加断言验证消息发送成功
    }
}