最近多了个看源码的嗜好
main函数已经分析好了,找时间分离好代码,待续...
thttpd Web Server模块


thttpd Web Server#include<stdio.h> #include<sys/socket.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<arpa/inet.h> #include<string.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<time.h> #include<sys/time.h> #include<errno.h> #include<netdb.h> #include<sys/socket.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<sys/resource.h> typedef union { struct sockaddr sa; struct sockaddr_in sa_in; #ifdef USE_IPV6 struct sockaddr_in6 sa_in6; struct sockaddr_storage sa_stor; #endif }httpd_sockaddr; typedef struct { char* server_hostname; char* binding_hostname; unsigned short port; int listen4_fd; int listen6_fd; }httpd_server; #define SPARE_FDS 10 #define FDW_READ 0 #define FDW_WRITE 1 #ifndef MIN #define MIN(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b)) #endif static int max_connects; static httpd_server* hs = (httpd_server*) 0; static int num_connects; static char* hostname; static int port; int terminate=0; #ifndef FDWATCHER #define FDWATCHER /** fdwatcher **/ //fdwatcher用于和多种IO复用方式协作完成IO复用,抽象出IO复用的使用接口 //IO复用使用宏定义加预编译define形式实现多种IO复用形式的选择 class FdWatcher { private: static FdWatcher *fd; public: //可以监听的最大fd数 int nfiles; //计数WATCH的调用次数,辅助统计信息 long nwatches; //使用定长数组,slot map,存放对应fd的rw标志和data //read的fd和write的fd在IO复用中有不同的执行方式,所以需要标志 int* fd_rw; //client的数据,可以是网络数据或者辅助数据 void** fd_data; //nreturned表示WATCH得到的被激活fd数目 //next_ridx表示WATCH得到的被激活fd数组的下一个fd(static int* select_rfdidx;) int nreturned, next_ridx; private: FdWatcher() { nfiles=0; nwatches=0; fd_rw=0; fd_data=0; nreturned=next_ridx=0; } public: static FdWatcher *getFdWatcherInstance(); int fdwatch_get_nfiles(); void fdwatch_add_fd(int fd, void* client_data,int rw); void fdwatch_del_fd(int fd) {} int fdwatch_check_fd(int fd) {} int fdwatch(long timeout_msecs) {} }; FdWatcher* FdWatcher::fd=NULL; FdWatcher* FdWatcher::getFdWatcherInstance() { if(fd==NULL) fd=new FdWatcher(); return fd; } #define HAVE_SELECT #ifdef HAVE_SELECT static fd_set master_rfdset; static fd_set master_wfdset; static fd_set working_rfdset; static fd_set working_wfdset; static int* select_fds; static int* select_fdidx; static int* select_rfdidx; static int nselect_fds; static int maxfd; static int maxfd_changed; #define ADD_FD( fd, rw ) select_add_fd( fd, rw ) static void select_add_fd( int fd, int rw ) { FdWatcher *fdw=FdWatcher::getFdWatcherInstance(); if ( nselect_fds >= fdw->nfiles ) { //syslog( LOG_ERR, "too many fds in select_add_fd!" ); return; } select_fds[nselect_fds] = fd; switch ( rw ) { case FDW_READ: FD_SET( fd, &master_rfdset ); break; case FDW_WRITE: FD_SET( fd, &master_wfdset ); break; default: break; } if ( fd > maxfd ) maxfd = fd; select_fdidx[fd] = nselect_fds; ++nselect_fds; } #else #ifdef HAVE_POLL #endif #endif int FdWatcher::fdwatch_get_nfiles() { int i; //FdWatcher* fd=fdw; //返回一个进程能打开的最大文件数 fd->nfiles=getdtablesize(); //如果可以使用rlimit,则使用rlimit获取更精确的limit struct rlimit rl; if( getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE,&rl)==0 ) { if( rl.rlim_max== RLIM_INFINITY) rl.rlim_cur=8192; else if (rl.rlim_max>rl.rlim_cur) rl.rlim_cur=rl.rlim_max; //尝试设置limit为最大,如果不行就放弃 setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE,&rl); fd->nfiles=rl.rlim_cur; } #if defined(HAVE_SELECT) && !( defined(HAVE_POLL) || defined(HAVE_DEVPOLL) || defined(HAVE_KQUEUE) ) //如果使用select,则nfile不能超过FD_SETSIZE fd->nfiles= MIN(fd->nfiles,FD_SETSIZE); #endif //然后初始化和fdwatch相关的数据成员 fd->nwatches=0; fd->fd_rw=(int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*fd->nfiles); fd->fd_data=(void**)malloc(sizeof(void*)*fd->nfiles); if(fd->fd_rw==(int*)0 || fd->fd_data==(void**)0 ) return -1; for( i=0;i<fd->nfiles;++i) fd->fd_rw[i]=-1; } void FdWatcher::fdwatch_add_fd(int fd, void* client_data,int rw) { if(fd<0 || fd>=nfiles || fd_rw[fd]!=-1 ) { //error return; } //根据预定义的处理方式选择不同的ADD_FD方法 ADD_FD(fd,rw); //使用fd_rw和fd_data两个bitmap数组,对应slot上存放对应fd的rw标志和cd fd_rw[fd]=rw; fd_data[fd]=client_data; } /** fdwatcher **/ #endif /** tool function **/ static void lookup_hostname( httpd_sockaddr* sa4P, size_t sa4_len, int* gotv4P, httpd_sockaddr* sa6P, size_t sa6_len, int* gotv6P ) { #ifdef USE_IPV6 //... #else //IPV4 //hostent结构体,gethostbyname返回值类型,数据成员包括(主机规范名,主机别名,主机ip地址类型,ip地址长度,网络字节序的主机ip地址) struct hostent *he; //表示不使用v6版本 *gotv6P=0; (void)memset(sa4P,0,sa4_len); sa4P->sa.sa_family=AF_INET; //没有指定监听hostname,则绑定到所有接口 if( hostname==(char*)0 ) sa4P->sa_in.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY); else { //如果指定了hostname,那要通过gethostbyname获取ip等信息。 sa4P->sa_in.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(hostname); if( (int)sa4P->sa_in.sin_addr.s_addr==-1) { he=gethostbyname(hostname); if(he == (struct hostent*)0 ) { //error exit(1); } if( he->h_addrtype!=AF_INET) { //error exit(1); } (void) memmove(&sa4P->sa_in.sin_addr.s_addr , he->h_addr, he->h_length); } } sa4P->sa_in.sin_port=htons(port); *gotv4P=1; #endif } long tmr_mstimeout(struct timeval* nowP) { return 0; } /** tool function **/ /** httpd_initialize **/ #ifdef SERVER_NAME_LIST static char* hostname_map( char* hostname ) { int len, n; static char* list[] = { SERVER_NAME_LIST }; len = strlen( hostname ); for ( n = sizeof(list) / sizeof(*list) - 1; n >= 0; --n ) if ( strncasecmp( hostname, list[n], len ) == 0 ) if ( list[n][len] == '/' ) /* check in case of a substring match */ return &list[n][len + 1]; return (char*) 0; } #endif /* SERVER_NAME_LIST */ static int initialize_listen_socket(httpd_sockaddr* sap) {} static void free_httpd_server(httpd_server* hs) {} httpd_server* httpd_initialize(char *hostname,httpd_sockaddr* sa4p, httpd_sockaddr *sa6p,unsigned short port) { httpd_server *hs=(httpd_server*)malloc(sizeof(httpd_server)); static char ghnbuf[256]; if(hs==(httpd_server*)0) { printf("out of memory for allocating httpd_server \n"); return (httpd_server*)0; } //在此之前有调用gethostbyname等操作 if(hostname!=(char*)0) { //设置hs的bindinghostname和serverhostname hs->binding_hostname=strdup(hostname); if( hs->binding_hostname==(char*)0 ) { printf("out of memory copying hostname\n"); return (httpd_server*)0; } hs->server_hostname=hs->binding_hostname; } else { hs->binding_hostname=(char*)0; hs->server_hostname=(char*)0; //得到主机名 if(gethostname(ghnbuf,sizeof(ghnbuf))<0) ghnbuf[0]='\0'; #ifdef SERVER_NAME_LIST if ( ghnbuf[0]!='\0') hs->server_hostname=hostname_map(ghnbuf); #endif if ( hs->server_hostname==(char*)0) { #ifdef SERVER_NAME hs->server_hostname=SERVER_NAME; #else if(ghnbuf[0]!='\0') hs->server_hostname=ghnbuf; #endif } } hs->port=port; //initialize_listen_socket,就是socket bind listen if( sa6p == (httpd_sockaddr*)0) hs->listen6_fd=-1; else hs->listen6_fd=initialize_listen_socket(sa6p); if( sa4p == (httpd_sockaddr*)0) hs->listen4_fd=-1; else hs->listen4_fd=initialize_listen_socket(sa4p); if(hs->listen4_fd==-1 && hs->listen6_fd==-1) { free_httpd_server(hs); return (httpd_server*)0; } } /** httpd_initialize **/ int main() { hostname=0; port=51423; struct timeval tv; //初始化sockaddr_in httpd_sockaddr sa4; httpd_sockaddr sa6; int gotv4, gotv6; lookup_hostname(&sa4,sizeof(sa4),&gotv4,&sa6,sizeof(sa6),&gotv6); //计算系统允许的fd数,初始化fdwatch,io复用模式相关的 FdWatcher *fdw=FdWatcher::getFdWatcherInstance(); max_connects=fdw->fdwatch_get_nfiles(); if(max_connects < 0) { printf("fdwatch init failure\n"); exit(1); } max_connects -= SPARE_FDS; //真正做network相关的。做hs初始化和socket,bind,listen hs=httpd_initialize(hostname,gotv4?&sa4:(httpd_sockaddr*)0,gotv6?&sa6:(httpd_sockaddr*)0,port); if(hs != (httpd_server*)0) { if (hs->listen4_fd!=-1) //注册监听fd fdw->fdwatch_add_fd(hs->listen4_fd,(void*)0,FDW_READ); if (hs->listen6_fd!=-1) fdw->fdwatch_add_fd(hs->listen6_fd,(void*)0,FDW_READ); } int num_ready; (void) gettimeofday( &tv, (struct timezone*) 0 ); while( (!terminate)||num_connects>0 ) { num_ready=fdw->fdwatch(tmr_mstimeout(&tv)); if(num_ready<0) { if( errno==EINTR || errno==EAGAIN) continue; exit(1); } (void) gettimeofday( &tv, (struct timezone*) 0 ); if(num_ready==0) { // tmr_run(&tv); continue; } //num_ready>0 //accept并加入listen set if ( hs != (httpd_server*) 0 && hs->listen6_fd != -1 && fdw->fdwatch_check_fd( hs->listen6_fd ) ) { // if ( handle_newconnect( &tv, hs->listen6_fd ) ) continue; } if ( hs != (httpd_server*) 0 && hs->listen4_fd != -1 && fdw->fdwatch_check_fd( hs->listen4_fd ) ) { // if ( handle_newconnect( &tv, hs->listen4_fd ) ) continue; } /* while */ //tmr_run(&tv); /* if( !terminate) { terminate=1; if (hs!=(httpd_server*)0) { if (hs->listen4_fd!=-1) fdw->fdwatch_del_fd(hs->listen4_fd); if (hs->listen6_fd!=-1) fdw->fdwatch_del_fd(hs->listen6_fd); // httpd_unlisten(hs); } } */ }//end while //shut_down(); exit(0); }
Chroot安全模块


1 /* 2 chroot是一个系统调用,将程序的可见文件视图限制到当前目录及其下面的其他目录。这样其他远程user就无法访问初始目录外的文件。 3 子进程也会有这样的属性,所以CGI文件也会有这样的效果。 4 但是只有root才可以调用chroot,所以这意味程序只能由root启动,但是thttpd中最后root可以转换为其他user,也保证了这点。 5 1.限制被CHROOT的使用者所能执行的程序 6 2.防止使用者存取某些特定档案,如/etc/passwd。 7 3.防止入侵者/bin/rm -rf /。 8 4.提供Guest服务以及处罚恶意的使用者。 9 5.增进系统的安全。 10 文章:http://hi.baidu.com/alsrt/blog/item/de74f8389c36a32796ddd8be.html 11 http://hi.baidu.com/alsrt/blog/item/04ccce43711280159213c6bd.html 12 http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/hfw_1987/article/details/5362078 13 */ 14 #include<pwd.h> 15 #include<sys/types.h> 16 #include<unistd.h> 17 #include<stdlib.h> 18 #include<sys/file.h> 19 #include<string.h> 20 #include<sys/types.h> 21 #include<grp.h> 22 #include<stdio.h> 23 #include<errno.h> 24 25 #define DEFAULT_USER "nobody" 26 #ifndef MAXPATHLEN 27 #define MAXPATHLEN 1024 28 #endif 29 30 void printCwd(char* cwd) 31 { 32 memset(cwd,0,sizeof(cwd)); 33 (void) getcwd(cwd,sizeof(cwd)-1); 34 if(cwd[strlen(cwd)-1]!='/') 35 (void) strcat(cwd,"/"); 36 printf("%s\n",cwd); 37 } 38 int main() 39 { 40 char* user=(char *)"aga"; //DEFAULT_USER 41 struct passwd* pwd; 42 uid_t uid=32767; 43 gid_t gid=32767; 44 45 //如果是root权限,获取将要托管的user的uid和pid 46 if( getuid()==0) 47 { 48 pwd=getpwnam(user); 49 if(pwd==(struct passwd*)0) 50 { 51 //error 52 printf("error pwd\n"); 53 exit(1); 54 } 55 uid=pwd->pw_uid; 56 gid=pwd->pw_gid; 57 } 58 59 #ifdef USE_USER_DIR 60 if( getuid()==0) 61 { 62 if( chdir(pwd->pw_dir)<0 ) 63 { 64 //error 65 printf("error chdir\n"); 66 exit(1); 67 } 68 } 69 #endif 70 71 //当前工作目录 72 char cwd[MAXPATHLEN+1]; 73 printCwd(cwd); 74 75 //系统的目录结构将以指定的位置作为'/'的位置 76 //作用: 77 //增加了系统安全性,新根下访问不到旧根目录和文件 78 //建立一个与原系统隔离的系统目录结构,方便用户开发 79 //引导linux系统启动以及急救系统等 80 //详细见IBM文章 81 if(chroot(cwd)<0) 82 //将当前程序的工作目录作为新的文件夹root,成功后getcwd变为"/" 83 { 84 printf("error chroot\n"); 85 exit(1); 86 } 87 88 //当前的工作目录变为"/" 89 printCwd(cwd); 90 91 //在新的"/"目录下跳转到a文件夹 92 if ( chdir( "a" ) < 0 ) 93 { 94 //error 95 printf("error chdir2\n,%s",strerror(errno)); 96 exit( 1 ); 97 } 98 99 //路径 "/a/" 100 printCwd(cwd); 101 102 //root完成chroot调用后,转换身份 103 if ( getuid() == 0 ) 104 { 105 /* 106 // Set aux groups to null. 107 if ( setgroups( 0, (const gid_t*) 0 ) < 0 ) 108 { 109 printf("error setgroups\n"); 110 exit( 1 ); 111 } 112 */ 113 114 if ( setgid( gid ) < 0 ) 115 { 116 printf("error setgid\n"); 117 exit( 1 ); 118 } 119 120 #ifdef HAVE_SETLOGIN 121 (void) setlogin( user ); 122 #endif 123 124 if ( setuid( uid ) < 0 ) 125 { 126 printf("error syslog\n"); 127 exit( 1 ); 128 } 129 } 130 }
其他模块