emerge 小计

本文介绍如何在Gentoo Linux系统中通过Local Portage Overlay来自定义软件包的安装,包括添加覆盖目录、修改ebuild文件及使用patch解决bug或增加功能的方法。

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emerge和ebuild是Gentoo的包管理核心,其中emerge是ebuild的更高层次的应用。
多数情况下,一般是不需要自己打patch,可是有时候,当前版本系统确实有bug,或者想在本地版本中,给软件增加一些小功能,在这样的情况下,是不得不自己来处理一下了。在Gentoo中,这称之为:[url=http://www.gentoo-wiki.info/Local_Portage_Overlay]Local Portage Overlay [/url]
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[*]在/etc/make.conf增加[quote]PORTDIR_OVERLAY="/usr/local/portage"[/quote]
[*]在/usr/local/portage创建跟原来软件相同的分类和名字,比如[quote]mkdir -p /usr/local/portage/x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers[/quote]
[*]获取ebuild文件,比如从/usr/portage中获取
[*]修改ebuild文件,参考[url=http://devmanual.gentoo.org/ebuild-writing/index.html]Ebuild Writing[/url]
[*]执行digest[quote]ebuild nvidia-drivers-100.14.11.ebuild digest[/quote]
[*]emerge nvidia-drivers,或者指定特定版本:emerge =nvidia-drivers-100.14.11
[/list]
以上是自己定制emerge的基本步骤。我碰到的其他问题,在此也简单罗列一下:
[list]
[*]关于自动打patch的问题,比如打算在src_prepare过程中执行epatch,那么需要EAPI=2
[*]关于patch文件的生成,可以用diff -u oldfile newfile来生成,很方便
[*][2010-7-18 updated]被关键字屏蔽(masked)的处理,在/etc/portage/package.keywords增加相应的package就好了,比如[quote]echo "dev-db/mongodb" >>/etc/portage/package.keywords[/quote]
[/list]
TCUTTER - Tin Cutter In a Tin Cutting factory there is a machine for cutting parts from tin plates. It has an extraordinarily sharp knife able to make horizontal or vertical segment cuts in the tin plates. Each cutting process consists of a sequence of such cuts. Each segment cut is given by its endpoints that are always located inside the tin plate. During the cutting process some parts of tin plate can fall out and so some holes in the plate can emerge. Factory management needs to predict the number of holes in the plate at the end of the given sequence of cuts. Write a program that answers this question. Single segment cuts are not considered to be holes. Here there are examples of some situations that can arise after cutting: two holes two holes one hole one hole Input The input file consists of blocks of lines. Each block except the last describes one cutting process. In the first line of the block there is a number N <= 100. indicating the number of segment cuts in the cutting process. These cuts are defined by the following N lines. The line defining one segment cut has the form X1 Y1 X2 Y2 where X1 Y1 and X2 Y2 are the co-ordinates of the end points of the segment cut. They are separated by one space. The co-ordinates are integers and always define horizontal or vertical segment (i.e. segment parallel with x or y axis). The last block consists of just one line containing 0. Output The output file contains the lines corresponding to the blocks in the input file. Each such line contains the number of holes that remain in the tin plate after the execution of the corresponding cuts. There is no line in the output file corresponding to the last "null" block of the input file. Example Input: 4 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 2 1 1 2 1 0 0 Output: 1 0
07-04
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