SpringBoot 使用javax.validation入参校验

本文介绍了如何在Spring Boot项目中利用javax.validation的Bean Validation进行控制器层的参数校验,减少了手动编写校验代码的工作。通过引入`spring-boot-starter-validation`依赖,创建全局异常处理器`ControllerExceptionHandler`捕获并处理校验异常,以及在控制器方法上使用`@Valid`注解来触发参数校验。示例中展示了具体的配置、异常处理类和校验实体类的代码实现。

需求:

controller层的入参数据添加基本校验,简化手写校验的代码逻辑

 

思路:

1. 使用javax.validation提供的参数校验(引入spring-boot-starter-validation)

2.手写处理方法ControllerExceptionHandler,用来捕获全局异常和校验异常中的BindingResult

 

最终代码

项目目录

maven

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.6</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.16.10</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

yaml

server:
  port: 9088

spring:
  application:
    name: demo

ControllerExceptionHandler

package com.example.demo.config;

import com.example.demo.utils.RestResponse;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

/**
 * @Author: yipeng
 * @Date: 2021/6/19 19:32
 */
@Slf4j
@ControllerAdvice
public class ControllerExceptionHandler {

    @ResponseBody
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public RestResponse globalException(HttpServletRequest request, Exception ex) {
        log.error("controller system error path {} {}", request.getRequestURL(), ex.getMessage());
        return RestResponse.build(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
    }

    @ResponseBody
    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
    public RestResponse globalBindException(HttpServletRequest request, MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {

        log.error("controller params is error path {} {}", request.getRequestURL(), ex.getMessage());
        BindingResult bindingResult = ex.getBindingResult();
        if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
            return RestResponse.build(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, bindingResult.getAllErrors().get(0).getDefaultMessage());
        }
        return RestResponse.build(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
    }
}

VaildConroller

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.utils.RestResponse;
import com.example.demo.vo.VaildVo;

import javax.validation.Valid;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;


/**
 * @Author: yipeng
 * @Date: 2021/6/19 19:33
 */
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/vaild")
public class VaildConroller {

    @PostMapping("/check")
    public RestResponse<String> trading(@RequestBody @Valid VaildVo vaildVo) {
        log.info(vaildVo.toString());
        return RestResponse.buildSuccess(vaildVo.toString());
    }

}

RestResponse<T>

package com.example.demo.utils;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Data
@Slf4j
public class RestResponse<T> {

    private int code;
    private String message;
    private T data;

    private RestResponse() {

    }

    public static RestResponse build(HttpStatus status) {
        RestResponse result = new RestResponse();
        result.code = status.value();
        result.message = status.getReasonPhrase();
        return result;
    }

    public static <T> RestResponse<T> buildSuccess(T t) {
        RestResponse resp = build(HttpStatus.OK);
        resp.setData(t);
        return resp;
    }

    public static <T> RestResponse<T> build(HttpStatus status, String message) {
        RestResponse result = new RestResponse();
        result.code = status.value();
        result.message = message;
        result.setData(null);
        return result;
    }

}


VaildVo

package com.example.demo.vo;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;

import javax.validation.constraints.DecimalMax;
import javax.validation.constraints.DecimalMin;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotEmpty;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.ToString;

/**
 * @Author: yipeng
 * @Date: 2021/6/19 19:41
 */
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class VaildVo {

    @NotEmpty(message = "fromUserName can't be empty")
    private String fromUserName;

    @NotEmpty(message = "toUserName can't be empty")
    private String toUserName;

    @DecimalMin(value= "100", message = "money can't be less than 100")
    @DecimalMax(value= "10000", message = "money can't exceed 10000")
    private Long money;

}

DemoApplication

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication()
public class DemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    }

}

测试:

 

结论:

可实现简单的参数校验

 

 

 

在验证时间戳格式时,`javax.validation.constraints` 包中并没有直接支持毫秒级时间戳的注解。常用的日期和时间验证注解包括 `@Future`、`@Past`、`@FutureOrPresent` 和 `@PastOrPresent`,这些注解可以用于 `java.time.Instant`、`java.util.Date` 等类型来验证时间戳是否符合预期的时间关系[^1]。 ### 验证时间戳的方法 #### 1. 使用 `@Future` 和 `@Past` - **`@Future`**:确保时间戳在未来。 - **`@Past`**:确保时间戳在过去。 - **`@FutureOrPresent`**:确保时间戳在未来或当前时间。 - **`@PastOrPresent`**:确保时间戳在过去或当前时间。 示例代码: ```java import javax.validation.constraints.Future; import java.time.Instant; public class TimestampExample { @Future(message = "时间戳必须在未来") private Instant futureTimestamp; // Getter and Setter } ``` #### 2. 自定义注解验证时间戳格式 如果需要验证特定格式的时间戳(例如毫秒级时间戳),可以通过自定义注解和校验器实现。 ##### 步骤: 1. 定义自定义注解 `@ValidTimestamp`。 2. 实现对应的校验器类 `ValidTimestampValidator`。 示例代码: ```java import javax.validation.Constraint; import javax.validation.Payload; import java.lang.annotation.*; @Documented @Constraint(validatedBy = ValidTimestampValidator.class) @Target({ ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.FIELD }) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface ValidTimestamp { String message() default "无效的时间戳格式"; Class<?>[] groups() default {}; Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {}; } ``` ```java import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator; import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext; public class ValidTimestampValidator implements ConstraintValidator<ValidTimestamp, Long> { @Override public void initialize(ValidTimestamp constraintAnnotation) { } @Override public boolean isValid(Long value, ConstraintValidatorContext context) { if (value == null) { return true; // 允许 null 值 } try { // 检查是否为有效的毫秒级时间戳 return value >= 0 && value <= System.currentTimeMillis() + 1000L * 60 * 60 * 24 * 365 * 10; // 10年以内 } catch (Exception e) { return false; } } } ``` 使用自定义注解: ```java public class TimestampExample { @ValidTimestamp(message = "时间戳格式不正确") private Long timestamp; // Getter and Setter } ``` #### 3. 配置 Spring Boot 验证 确保在 Spring Boot 中启用了验证功能,在配置类或主应用类上添加 `@EnableValidation` 注解。 ```java import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableValidation; @SpringBootApplication @EnableValidation public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); } } ``` ### 异常处理 为了更好地返回错误信息给前端,可以在全局异常处理器中捕获 `ConstraintViolationException` 并返回友好的错误消息[^3]。 示例代码: ```java import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice; import javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; @RestControllerAdvice public class ValidationExceptionHandler { @ExceptionHandler(ConstraintViolationException.class) public Map<String, String> handleValidationExceptions(ConstraintViolationException ex) { Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>(); ex.getConstraintViolations().forEach(violation -> { String field = violation.getPropertyPath().toString(); String message = violation.getMessage(); errors.put(field, message); }); return errors; } } ```
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